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The improvement of Beijing ambient air quality resulting from the upgrade of vehicle emission standards

Chang Wang Xiaohan Miao Maodong Fang Yuan Chen Taosheng Jin
Archives of Environmental Protection | 2024 | 50 | 3 | 109-121 | DOI: 10.24425/aep.2024.151690
Keywords emission standards; response surface model (RSM); environmental improvement; ozone (O3); particulate matter (PM):
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Abstract

To investigate the effects and improvements of tightening vehicle emission standards from China Ⅲ to China Ⅴ on ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM) pollution in the atmospheric environment, this study obtained emission factors of O3 and PM precursors such as nitrogen oxides (NOx), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary PM from gasoline and diesel vehicles through actual testing. Response surface models (RSM) were then created for the environmental concentrations of the target pollutants O3 (RSM-O3_HSS6-200) and PM (RSMPM_HSS9-300) as functions of precursor pollutant emissions. Beijing was chosen as the main receptor region, with the China Ⅲ emission standard serving as the baseline scenario and the China Ⅳ and Ⅴ standards as control scenarios. The results indicate that as vehicle emission standards tightened from China Ⅲ to China Ⅳ and Ⅴ, O3 concentrations in Beijing's environment decreased from 92.7 ppbv to 78.47 ppbv and 72.20 ppbv, respectively, while PM concentrations decreased from 64.12 μg/m3 to 48.23 μg/m3 and 38.60 μg/m3, respectively. Furthermore, the environmetal benefits achieved from China Ⅲ to China Ⅳ were higher than those from China Ⅳ to China Ⅴ. Additionally, an analysis of pollutant source contributions revealed that NOx played a major role in reducing O3 concentrations, while primary PM was crucial in controlling PM pollution.
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Authors and Affiliations

Chang Wang
1
Xiaohan Miao
1
Maodong Fang
2
Yuan Chen
1
Taosheng Jin
1
  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
  2. National Engineering Laboratory for Mobile Source Emission Control Technology, China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300300, China

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