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Deep biosphere in the Main Dolomite (Upper Permian) hydrocarbon reservoir

Andrzej Borkowski Paweł Zdanowski Paweł Działak Tomasz Kowalski Tomasz Segit

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 4 | e32 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.152653

Keywords Deep biosphere Main Dolomite Microbial activity Reservoir rock Zechstein Permian

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Abstract

This study focuses on evaluating microbial activity in Main Dolomite reservoir rocks (Zechstein, Wuchiapingian– Permian) at 100°C. Core samples from two wells, one potentially microbiologically active (C-1 well, 100°C) and the other considered inactive due to high temperature (L-1 well, 155.5°C), were analysed. The core from L-1, treated similarly to C-1, was used to control for contamination. Microbial experiments and molecular analyses were performed on both core samples to ensure accurate results unaffected by laboratory processing contamination. Microbial incubation tests were successfully employed to demonstrate microbial hydrocarbon degradation and methane formation from 13C-labelled acetate. A new method for staining microorganisms from rock samples was introduced to estimate biomass. The results indicated that microorganisms from the C-1 well exhibited both hydrocarbon biodegradation and acetoclastic methanogenesis during a 3-month incubation at 100°C. Fluorescence-stained and countable microorganisms were only observed in the C-1 samples, while no biodegradation or methanogenesis occurred in reference samples from L-1 well. The study provides valuable insights into microbial activities in extreme conditions, emphasizing the importance of proper controls and techniques to ensure accurate interpretation of results.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Borkowski

1

Paweł Zdanowski

2

Paweł Działak

1

Tomasz Kowalski

1

Tomasz Segit

3

Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Exploration and Production Branch in Warsaw, Polish Oil and Gas Company, Orlen SA, Kasprzaka 25A, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland

Comparison of palaeomagnetic data from three Late Caledonian magmatic intrusions piercing the Upper Silesian and Małopolska tectonic blocks (S Poland), and its palaeotectonic significance

Jerzy Nawrocki Ryszard Habryn

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 4 | e28 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.152658

Keywords Palaeomagnetism Magmatic intrusions Latest Silurian Upper Silesia

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Abstract

The dioritic part of the latest Silurian intrusion drilled in the Sosnowiec IG-1 borehole and the diabase from the newly drilled Chrząstowice PIG-1 borehole, both in the Upper Silesia Tectonic Block, were palaeomagnetically studied. The palaeoinclinations of the same polarity primary component “A” are similar in the studied intrusions. They correspond well with the latest Silurian/earliest Devonian palaeoinclination obtained from the Bardo diabase (Holy Cross Mts.), and with those calculated from the Apparent Polar Wander Path for palaeocontinent Baltica. All compared intrusions represent the late Caledonian magmatic event that can be linked with the back-arc extension in the marginal part of the Old Red Continent. The angle between declinations of the latest Silurian/earliest Devonian normal polarity component “A” and the latest Carboniferous/earliest Permian secondary reversed polarity component “B”, both isolated from the Chrząstowice diabase, indicate the lack of palaeomagnetically detectable clockwise tectonic rotations of the Upper Silesia Tectonic Block with respect to stable Europe at least after the Silurian. However, a slight (up to a dozen or so degrees) anti-clockwise rotation of local sense cannot be excluded after the earliest Permian. The distribution of magnetic fabric points to the sill form of both studied intrusions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Nawrocki

1

Ryszard Habryn

2

Polish Geological Institute – NRI, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland
Polish Geological Institute – NRI, Upper Silesian Branch, Królowej Jadwigi 1, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland

Palaeoenvironmental indices (calpionellids, gamma-ray spectrometry, magnetic susceptibility) in the Berriasian of the Tisza Mega-unit (Lipse-tető section, Mecsek Mts, Hungary) and the Central Western Carpathians (lower Sub-Tatric succession, Tatra Mts, Poland) – a comparison

Jacek Grabowski Damian Gerard Lodowski Andrzej Pszczółkowski Leona Chadimová Geza Császár Katarzyna Sobień Balázs Szinger

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 4 | e27 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.152659

Keywords Berriasian Mecsek Mts Tatra Mts Biostratigraphy Magnetic susceptibility Gamma-ray spectrometry

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Abstract

Calpionellid stratigraphy, magnetic susceptibility (MS) and gamma-ray spectrometry (GRS) have been investigated in the Berriasian pelagic limestones of ca. 21 m thick interval from the Lipse-tető section (Mecsek Mts, southern Hungary, Tisza Mega-unit). The section covers the lower and upper Berriasian (Calpionella and Calpionellopsis Zones respectively), however due to a thrust fault, the upper part of the Calpionella elliptica Subzone and the lower part of the Calpionellopsis simplex Subzone (lower/upper Berriasian boundary interval) were not documented. Reslults of GRS measurements reveal contrasting trends, with low detrital input (K, Th) and elevated Th/K ratio through the lower Berriasian, as well as relatively high detrital input and decreased Th/K ratio within the upper Berriasian. The differences occur also in the calpionellid frequencies and species richness: assemblages rich in Calpionella alpina dominate in the lower Berriasian, whilst more diversified yet less abundant associations characterize the upper Berriasian. Trends in palaeoenvironmental proxies correspond well with data from the Lower Sub-Tatric succession (Pośrednie-Rówienka composite section, Tatra Mts, Poland). The palaeoenvironmental change between the early and late Berriasian is most probably related to palaeoclimate (arid to humid transition), and fertility (from oligo- to mesotrophic regime). Trends documented in Th/K ratio might have been controlled by the intensity of aeolian transportation. As revealed by previous studies, the consistent record of palaeoenvironmental changes in both the Tisza Mega-unit and the Central Western Carpathians might be observed also in the middle Jurassic sediments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Grabowski

1

Damian Gerard Lodowski

1

Andrzej Pszczółkowski

2

Leona Chadimová

3

Geza Császár

4

Katarzyna Sobień

1

Balázs Szinger

5

Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw Research Centre, Twarda 51/55,00-818 Warsaw, Poland
Institute of Geology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, v. v. i., Rozvojova 269, 165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic
deceased, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
EandP Laboratories, MOL Hungarian Oil and Gas Company,28 Dombóvári , H-1117 Budapest, Hungary

An Upper Devonian Kadzielnia-type carbonate buildup in Skrzelczyce Quarry, southern Holy Cross Mountains (Poland)

Piotr Łuczyński Olgierd Pedrycz

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 4 | e26 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.152656

Keywords Devonian Holy Cross Mountains Kadzielnia limestone Mud mound

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Abstract

In Skrzelczyce Quarry, located in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains in central Poland, a large Upper Devonian carbonate mound is exposed. The Skrzelczyce mound, developed as massive and faintly bedded limestones, measures nearly 100 m in lateral extent and over 20 m in thickness, and laterally passes into coral-rich biostromal limestones belonging to the Sitkówka Beds. Four facies have been identified within the massive limestone unit: stromatactis-bearing limestones with scarce macrofossils (M1), macrofossil-rich limestones (M2), stromatoporoid-microbial limestones (M3), and limestones with fenestral structures (M4). These facies indicate varying depositional conditions and microbial activity, reflecting a complex interplay of environmental factors. The mound’s lithological features and spatial facies distribution resemble the late development stage of Devonian atolls in the Ardennes. This analogy suggests that the initial mound setting at Skrzelczyce might have been at depths of 30–60 m, in a moderate energy zone. The mound, composed predominantly of polygenetic biomicrite with a significant presence of laminar stromatoporoids and corals, features various forms of stromatactis, some typical and others related to sediment winnowing or to shelter cavities. The foraminiferal assemblages, along with lithostratigraphic correlation, suggest that the Skrzelczyce mound may belong to the lower to middle Frasnian, although the precise age remains uncertain due to the lack of conodont dating. The Skrzelczyce mound aligns with the definition of the Kadzielnia Member, and particular facies from Skrzelczyce can be matched with those described from the Kadzielnia Quarry. The structure outcropping in Skrzelczyce is the second largest Upper Devonian carbonate buildup after Kadzielnia in the Holy Cross Mountains, and the largest on the southern edge of the Kielce carbonate platform.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Łuczyński

1

Olgierd Pedrycz

2

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute, Holy Cross Branch, Zgoda 21, 25-953 Kielce, Poland

Maestro Michał Szulczewski

Piotr Łuczyński

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 4 | e24 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.152657

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Łuczyński

A new extinct shad from Poland in the light of clupeiform diversity and distribution within the Paratethys during the Oligocene

Malgorzata Bienkowska-Wasiluk Mateusz Granica Oleksandr Kovalchuk

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e23 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.151753

Keywords Teleostei Alosidae new genus Paratethys Oligocene Menilite Formation

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Abstract

The Order Clupeiformes Bleeker, 1859 comprises herrings, anchovies, sprats, sardines, and shads. The fossil record of this group is rich within the Paratethys. Here we describe a new clupeiform fish, †Sanalosa janulosa gen. et sp. nov., from the Lower Oligocene of the Carpathian Basin, Poland. This new genus has a unique combination of characters (lower jaw articulation located under the posterior part of the orbit; abdominal scutes well developed with 3 to 5 in the gular region, 11–14 prepelvic scutes associated with ribs, 11–12 postpelvic scutes; several striae on the frontals; an opercle with 6–12 thin radial ridges; a horizontal ramus of the preopercle shorter than the vertical one; 42–44 vertebrae; 8–10 supraneurals; a dorsal fin with 18–22 rays, and an anal fin with 21–23 rays), supporting recognition of a new genus and species within the Family Alosidae Svetovidov, 1952. Similarities and differences between fossil and extant genera of the Clupeiformes are discussed to shed more light on their relationship. Moreover, the palaeobiogeography, diversity and distribution of Oligocene clupeiform fishes in the Paratethys are presented and discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Malgorzata Bienkowska-Wasiluk

1

Mateusz Granica

2

Oleksandr Kovalchuk

3

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
University of Wrocław, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Department of Palaeozoology,Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wrocław, Poland
National Museum of Natural History of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Departmentof Palaeontology, Bohdana Khmelnytskoho 15, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine

Variability of Middle Triassic vermicular limestone ichnofabrics: the Anisian Hisban Formation in Jordan

Michał Stachacz Alfred Uchman Piotr Jaglarz Abdalla Abu Hamad Ikhlas Al-Hejoj Habes Al-Mashakbeh

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e22 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.151752

Keywords trace fossils Bivalve burrows Bioturbation colonization Tethys Permian–Triassic recovery Jordan

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Abstract

The strongly bioturbated Middle Triassic (Anisian) limestones, referred to as vermicular limestone, are the dominant lithology of the Hisban Formation in Jordan. This limestone exhibits the monotonous Oravaichnium– Planolites ichnofabrics, which are known and common in the northern Peri-Tethys and the Germanic Basin. The most abundant and widespread trace fossil here is Oravaichnium carinatum, which is produced by bivalves. Specimens of O. carinatum from the Hisban Formation are typically strongly elongated in the vertical axis and have a smooth surface, whereas specimens from the Germanic Basin mainly have a pear-shaped cross-section. Nevertheless, both morphologies and transitional morphotypes between these ichnospecies are present in both areas. The difficulty in distinguishing between Oravaichnium and Planolites causes the intense bioturbation by bivalves to be underestimated. The wide occurrence of the Oravaichnium ichnofabric in the northern and southern Peri-Tethys suggests that small burrowing bivalves played a significant role in the colonization and infaunalization during the long-term recovery of the benthos after the Permian–Triassic crisis. They experienced intense development during the Middle Triassic, when they were responsible for extensive bioturbation.

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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Stachacz

1

Alfred Uchman

1

Piotr Jaglarz

1

Abdalla Abu Hamad

2

Ikhlas Al-Hejoj

2

Habes Al-Mashakbeh

3

Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
Environmental and Applied Geology Department, The University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan
Applied Earth and Environmental Sciences Department, Faculty of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Al al-Bayt University, P.O.BOX 130040, 25113 Mafraq, Jordan

Neogene–Quaternary paleoenvironments and kerogen assessment of the NDO B-1 well, offshore Nile Delta, Egypt, Eastern Mediterranean: palynological evidence

Magdy S. Mahmoud Amr S. Deaf Mennat-Allah T. El Hussieny

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e21 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.151751

Keywords Palynofacies Palynomorphs Kerogen Offshore Egypt

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Abstract

Palynofacies and palynological investigations conducted on the Neogene–Quaternary succession from the NDO B-1 well, located in the offshore Nile Delta, Egypt, in the Eastern Mediterranean, suggest generally shallow marine (neritic) conditions. These environments are manifested by the overall palynofacies composition and the occurrence of dinoflagellate cysts (e.g., Spiniferites spp., Lingulodinium spp., Hystrichokolpoma spp., Homotryblium spp. and Selenopemphix spp.). Neritic environments are suggested for the lower and middle Miocene Sidi Salim, and the Pliocene to Pleistocene upper Kafr El Sheikh, El Wastani and Mit Ghamr formations, while shallower, coastal to inner neritic settings were interpreted for the late Miocene (Qawasim and Rosetta formations) and early Pliocene (Abu Madi and lower Kafr El Sheikh formations). Anoxic conditions existed during the deposition of the studied well succession, which can be seen from the occurrence of imprints of pyrite crystals and some types of oxygen-sensitive dinoflagellate cysts. The palynofacies fluctuated repeatedly between Amorphous Organic Matter (AOM)-dominated and phytoclast-dominated intervals, of kerogen types II and III, respectively. The spore coloration index (SCI) of indigenous thin-walled palynomorphs confirms thermally mature sediments, generative of dry gas and wet gas/condensates. Reworking during the deposition of the upper Sidi Salim, Qawasim and Rosetta formations is inferred from the occurrence of Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts and pollen.

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdy S. Mahmoud

1

Amr S. Deaf

1

Mennat-Allah T. El Hussieny

1

Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt

Titanite from the NYF-type pegmatites of Szklarska Poręba Huta quarry, Karkonosze granite massif, SW Poland

Karolina Mil Bożena Gołębiowska Adam Pieczka Adam Włodek

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e20 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.151750

Keywords Titanite Malayaite NYF pegmatite Karkonosze granite massif Szklarska Poręba

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Abstract

Titanite, an accessory mineral of pegmatite related to aplogranite, was identified in the Szklarska Poręba Huta quarry within the Karkonosze granite massif in Lower Silesia, Poland. It formed during pegmatitic to hydrothermal stages. Besides the isovalent substitution Sn → Ti, the chemical composition of the mineral is characterized by three coupled substitutions: (1) (Al, Fe, Sc)3+ + (OH, F)- → YTi + ZO, (2) XREE3+ + Y(Al, Fe, Sc)3+ →X)Ca2+ + YTi4+, and (3) (Al, Fe, Sc)3+ + (Nb, Ta)5+ → 2YTi. These substitutions are strongly dependent on the composition of the magma in terms of its Al2O3/TiO2 activity ratio, with the first one also influenced by the H2O/HF fugacity ratio. Fluorine, which induced the most common substitution (1), had its source in high-temperature F-bearing fluids released from rocks of the metamorphic envelope adjacent to the intruding granite. These fluids mobilized and transported various rock components (Sc, REE, Nb, Ta, etc.) among others in the form of fluoride complexes, enriching the aplogranite magma with some metallic elements. The substitution of Sn for Ti developed with decreasing temperature to the extent that in thin ore-mineralized quartz veins cutting aplogranite, titanite reaches Sn-bearing compositions up to the prevalence of Sn corresponding to malayaite.

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Authors and Affiliations

Karolina Mil

1

Bożena Gołębiowska

1

Adam Pieczka

1

Adam Włodek

1

Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, AGH University of Krakow,Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Syn vivo encrustation of Porambonites Pander, 1830 (Brachiopoda) by craniid brachiopods in the Late Ordovician of Estonia

Olev Vinn Mare Isakar Mansour I. Almansour Saleh Al Farraj Magdy El Hedeny

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e19 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.150012

Keywords Symbiosis Brachiopods Epibionts Encrustation Sandbian Baltica

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Abstract

Two new brachiopod–brachiopod symbiotic overgrowths have been discovered from the Kukruse Regional Stage (Sandbian, Ordovician) of Estonia. Both the Philhedra rivulosa–Porambonites sp. and the Petrocrania sp.–Porambonites sp. overgrowths were beneficial to the encrusting craniid and might have been slightly harmful to the host brachiopod. The craniids could have been facultative kleptoparasites. Our data show that craniids significantly preferred the smooth shells of Porambonites sp. over the coarsely ribbed shells of Platystrophia sp. and the moderately ribbed shells of Cyrtonotella sp. and Glossorthis sp. This suggests that, at least against craniids, having strong ribs could have been a successful antifouling strategy.

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Authors and Affiliations

Olev Vinn

1

Mare Isakar

2

Mansour I. Almansour

3

Saleh Al Farraj

3

Magdy El Hedeny

4

Department of Geology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
Natural History Museum, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003 Tartu, Estonia
College of Science, King Saud University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt

Morphometrics of the mandible of Metoposaurus krasiejowensis Sulej, 2002 and its ecological implications

Luca F. Quarto Mateusz Antczak

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e18 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.150010

Keywords Temnospondyli Metoposaurids Mandible Morphometrics Dermal bone ornamentation Palaeoecology

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Abstract

Amphibians, due to their ecological plasticity, are some of the best environmental indicators among vertebrates nowadays and in the fossil record. One such example is the extinct family Metoposauridae Watson, 1919. Metoposaurids were abundant amphibians in Late Triassic Pangea. The remains of the genus Metoposaurus Lydekker, 1890 have been found in Germany, Poland and Portugal with three species, respectively Metoposaurus diagnosticus (Meyer, 1842), Metoposaurus krasiejowensis Sulej, 2002 and Metoposaurus algarvensis Brusatte, Butler, Mateus and Steyer, 2015. Since the majority of studies concern the skull and the pectoral girdle, in this work M. krasiejowensis has been analysed through a morphometric study of the mandible. This was made possible by the high abundance of fossils found in Krasiejów (SW Poland) in the last 20 years. The characteristics considered are the morphology of the mandible corpus and its most relevant bones, the adaptation to stress during biting and the dermal ornamentation. The results reveal that not only do these characters have great intraspecific variability, but that at least two groups of a single population of M. krasiejowensis probably had different lifestyles, one more aquatic and the other more terrestrial.

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Authors and Affiliations

Luca F. Quarto

1

Mateusz Antczak

2

University of Opole, European Centre of Palaeontology, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
University of Opole, Institute of Biology, Oleska 22, 45-052 Opole, Poland

Minerals of antimony: a newly found occurrence in the Karkonosze granitoid pluton and a review for Lower Silesia, Poland, with general background

Andrzej Kozłowski Agnieszka Marcinowska

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e17 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.150011

Keywords Sb minerals Fluid inclusions Granitoid Karkonosze pluton Lo wer Silesia

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Abstract

The article describes assemblages of ore minerals of the size of tenths to a few millimetres, which occurred in small quartz veinlets and nests in 10 previously unknown sites. This mineralization was found in the north-eastern part of the Karkonosze granitoid pluton at the southern slope of the Wysoki Grzbiet (High Ridge) in Izera Mts. The studies concerned mainly 18 Sb minerals: antimony, Sb-bearing domeykite, getchellite, stibnite, willyamite, berthierite, boulangerite, bournonite, chalcostibite, falkmanite, famatinite, geocronite, robinsonite, semseyite, tetrahedrite-(Fe), cervantite, kermesite and schafarzikite; seven of them have been found in Poland for the first time. The parageneses, morphological features, XRD data and chemical composition of the Sb minerals are presented. Fluid inclusions in quartz adhering to the Sb minerals had generally homogenization temperature (Th) 108–341°C and total salinity ΣS 4.6–10.1 wt. %. The inclusion fluids were of the NaCO3- Ca(HCO3)2-NaCl-KCl type with minor F and S, and occasional CO2 presence. The parent granitoid contains Sb in trace amounts (0.18–0.36 ppm) and the rock was possibly a source of this (and other) element(s) for the ore minerals. Migration of meso-epithermal solutions with Sb etc. was probably stimulated by local reduction of pressure during the formation of fissures and cracks in granite, next filled by quartz with ore minerals. The features of the historical process of the recognition of Sb ores and previous studies of the minerals investigated in this research are included in the presentation and discussion. Special attention was paid to the listing of the occurreences of Sb minerals in Lower Silesia with appropriate references.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kozłowski

1

Agnieszka Marcinowska

1 2

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, Piłsudskiego 46, 81-378 Gdynia, Poland

Some genera and species of dissepimented solitary Rugosa (Anthozoa) from the Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) and Cisuralian (Permian) of North America. Part 1. Yuanophylloides Fomichev, 1953

Jerzy Fedorowski Edward Chwieduk

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e16 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.150008

Keywords SW Texas (USA) Missourian Yuanophylloides (Rugosa, Anthozoa) Taxonomy paleobiogeography

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Abstract

Several specimens derived from the Missourian (Pennsylvanian) deposits of the Glass Mountains (SW Texas, USA) are identified as Yuanophylloides Fomichev, 1953. Some species that earlier authors included in the genera Campophyllum Milne-Edwards and Haime, 1852, Bothrophyllum Trautschold, 1879, and Neokoninckophyllum Fomichev, 1939 are re-identified as belonging to Yuanophylloides. In addition to the type genus, a new subgenus Patulaxis of Yuanophylloides with the type species Y. (P.) molestus sp. nov. and the new species Y. (P.) parcus and Y. (P.) laxus are introduced. Re-identification of the upper Serpukhovian Campophyllum kansasense Miller and Gurley, 1893 as Yuanophylloides renders untenable the origin of that genus in the Donets Basin. The circum- Laurussia warm current is suggested as having carried Yuanophylloides larvae from the North American superprovince to the Paleotethyan superprovince. This genus supplements the group of genera suggested by Fedorowski (2023) as having originated in the North American superprovince and migrating to the Paleotethyan superprovince. Together, these genera demonstrate the importance of taxonomic investigation to establish paleobiogeography as a constrain on global (i.e., tectonic scale) environmental reconstructions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Fedorowski

1

Edward Chwieduk

1

Institute of Geology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Krygowskiego 12, 61-680 Poznań, Poland

New starfish (Asteroidea, Echinodermata) from the Upper Triassic (Lower Carnian) of northern Italy

Andrew Scott Gale

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2024 | vol. 74 | No 3 | e15 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2024.150009

Keywords Triassic Carnian Asteroids

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Abstract

Abundant well-preserved isolated asteroid ossicles are described from the Carnian Stage (Julian Substage) Cassian Formation of South Tyrol, northeast Italy. Detailed study of articulation surfaces and external sculpture, aided by comparison with articulated specimens of related taxa from the German Muschelkalk (Anisian– Ladinian) indicates that three species are present, here assigned to Cortinaster papillifera gen. et sp. nov. (type species), Cortinaster zardinii gen. et sp. nov., and Soleaaster thuyi gen. et sp. nov. It is concluded that all belong to the Triassic asteroid order Trichasteropsida Blake, 1987, but they display remarkable variation in the morphology of the adambulacral ossicles which, in two of the species, possess characters comparable to those of some Late Palaeozoic asteroids. The third species has adambulacral structure essentially similar to taxa of the post-Triassic order Valvatida Perrier, 1884. The diversity of Triassic asteroids is reviewed, and a new genus, Hagdornaster gen. nov. with the type species H. bieletorum (Blake and Hagdorn, 2003), is described from the German Muschelkalk.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrew Scott Gale

1 2

School of the Environment, Geography and Geosciences, University of Portsmouth, Burnaby Building,Burnaby Road, Portsmouth PO13QL, UK
Department of Earth Sciences, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW75BD, UK

Evaluation of compressibility of glacial till contaminated with hydrocarbons on the basis of CRL tests results

Piotr Stajszczak

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 2 | 247-262 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.145611

Keywords CRL test Soil compressibility Hydrocarbons Glacial till

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Abstract

The article presents the results of CRL research on glacial till contaminated with JET A1 aviation fuel and mineral oil 15W40. The conducted research has shown that the compressibility of fine grained soils contaminated with hydrocarbons during a constant rate of loading tests depends on the physical properties of the soil, properties of oil contaminants, their content in the soil pores as well as the adopted loading velocity. The implemented laboratory test program shows that the contamination of glacial till with hydrocarbons increases their compressibility. Moreover, this research shows that the CRL test method may be recommended in the compressibility research of fine grained soils contaminated with hydrocarbons.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Stajszczak

1

Geoteko Geotechnical Consultants Ltd., ul. Wałbrzyska 14/16, 02-739 Warszawa, Poland

Native silver in the eastern part of the Karkonosze granitoid pluton, Lower Silesia, Poland

Andrzej Kozłowski Witold Matyszczak

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 2 | 223–245 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.145617

Keywords Native silver Fluid inclusions Granitoid Karkonosze pluton

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Abstract

This article describes silver specimens of the size of tenths to a few millimetres, found in small pegmatites and quartz veinlets of the porphyritic granitoid area in 22 sites in the eastern part of the Variscan granitoid Karkonosze pluton, from 20 of which native silver occurrences were previously not known. The sites are scattered on the whole surface of the granitoid. The native silver occurred in wire, rod, platy, dendritic, anhedral granular and euhedral cubic and octahedral habits; in some specimens twins and fenster faces were also found. Associated with native silver small amounts of acanthite crystallized commonly, sometimes apparently formed by sulphur diffusion into silver. Inclusions of native gold, electrum, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite occurred in the native silver. The parent fluids of the specimens were epithermal, because the homogenization temperature (Th) of inclusions in quartz, calcite and cleavelandite that were the host minerals of the native silver was generally 91–165ºC and for individual samples the Th range was 4–11ºC. The total salinity of the fluid was 2.4–7.2 wt. % with Na and Ca (hydro)carbonates as the main dissolved components and admixtures of K, Mg, Fe, Al, S, Cl and F. The parent granitoid contains Ag in trace amounts (0.034–0.056 ppm) and was probably the source of this element for the crystals of native silver. Migration of Ag was made easier by the presence of fluoride ions in fluids.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Kozłowski

1

Witold Matyszczak

1

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland

Interaction between tectonics, plutonism and mineralization of the Duna Pb-Ba ore deposit regarding fluid inclusion study (Central Alborz, Iran)

Alireza Sadeghi Saeid Hakimi Asiabar Nima Nezafati Alireza Ganji Soumyajit Mukherjee

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 2 | 201-222 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2022.143597

Keywords Alborz Overprinting tectonics Plutonism Fluid inclusion Structural control Duna type ore deposit Pb-Ba ore deposit Carbonate-hosted

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Abstract

This article discusses the impacts of overprinting of tectonic and plutonic events on the mineralization of the Duna Pb-Ba ore deposit, according to geologic settings and fluid inclusion studies. The Duna carbonate-hosted deposit contains a significant amount of Ag (18.9–264.3 ppm ), Cu (77–41600 ppm), Sb (32.7–11000 ppm), Sr (63.5– 15100 ppm), and Fluid inclusions with 7.34–23.65 wt.% NaCl equivalent. The homogenization temperature of about 110–285°C, as well as the paragenesis of the minerals shows a difference compared with other Pb-Zn deposits such as the Irish-type and MVT. The ore mineralization in the Duna mine occurred as stratabound, open space-filling, and along the brecciated fault zones. The concordant (stratabound) type of mineralization, with salinity and homogenization temperature of 18.54 to 23.65 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and 113°C to 165°C respectively, is usually typical of MVT-ore deposits, which in this area evolved during the Early Cimmerian orogeny and was later interrupted by mineralization along younger brecciated fault zones with salinity and homogenization temperature of 7.34 to 23.65 wt.% NaCl equivalent, and 113°C to 285°C respectively. This discordant mineralization, which occurred along the faults, formed by the end of the Late Cretaceous and during the Cenozoic as a result of the intrusion of a plutonic mass, and is comparable to the Irish-type ore deposits.

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Authors and Affiliations

Alireza Sadeghi

1

Saeid Hakimi Asiabar

2

Nima Nezafati

1 3

Alireza Ganji

2

Soumyajit Mukherjee

4

Department of Earth Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Geology, Lahijan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran
German Mining Museum, Department of Archaeometallurgy, Bochum, Germany
Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Oligocene crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura) from the Asmari Formation in Yasuj area (SW Iran)

Ali Bahrami Àlex Ossó Mehdi Yazdi Heshmatollah Ansari

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 2 | 189-200 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.145615

Keywords Paleogene Rupelian Tethys Brachyura Palaeocarpilius Lophoranina

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Abstract

New findings of crustacean decapod brachyurans from the Rupelian period (lower Oligocene) in Iran are presented in this study. In particular, Lophoranina sp. and Palaeocarpilius cf. P. rugifer Stoliczka, 1871, from the Rupelian strata were found in two previously unexplored localities, Abshar and Vezg near Yasuj in the southwestern region of Iran. The discovery contributes to fill the gap in the record of brachyuran decapod crustaceans in Iran during the Eocene and Miocene periods. The presence of both genera in the Oligocene of Iran suggests a certain degree of faunal similarity among brachyurans on both sides of the Tethys Realm.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ali Bahrami

1

Àlex Ossó

2

Mehdi Yazdi

1

Heshmatollah Ansari

1

Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, 81746, Iran
Llorenç de Villalonga, 17B, 1-1, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia

The first trigonotarbid arachnid from Ukraine

Jason A. Dunlop Vitaly S. Dernov

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 2 | 181-187 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2022.143600

Keywords Carboniferous Moscovian Arachnida Trigonotarbida Donets Basin Ukraine

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Abstract

The extinct arachnid order Trigonotarbida Petrunkevitch, 1949 is reported here for the first time from Ukraine. The material consists of an opisthosoma preserved in ventral view from the upper Carboniferous (lower Moscovian; Paralegoceras–Eowellerites ammonoid zone) of the Gorlivka locality in the Donets Basin, eastern Ukraine. Formal assignment to a family or genus is difficult, but the preserved ventral anatomy is consistent with a member of the families Aphantomartidae Petrunkevitch, 1945, Kreischeriidae Haase, 1890 or Eophrynidae Karsch, 1882. It is noteworthy for expanding the known distribution of trigonotarbids in Europe and is only the second Palaeozoic arachnid to be formally described from Ukraine; the other being the carapace of a whip scorpion (Thelyphonida Latreille, 1804) from Lomovatka in the Luhansk Region, also in the Donets Basin.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jason A. Dunlop

1

Vitaly S. Dernov

2

Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Invalidenstrasse 43, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
Institute of Geological Sciences, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Oles Honchar Street 55b, 01054 Kyiv, Ukraine

A marker band folgen stratigraphy for the Cenomanian Chalk of England and its extension to northen Germany and France

Christopher Vincent Jeans

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 2 | 135-180 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.145616

Keywords Cretaceous Cenomanian chalk Folge stratigraphy Marker bands England Northern Germany Northwest France Cenomanian–Turonian Anoxic Event

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Abstract

A novel stratigraphical scheme within the Folge Concept is described for the Cenomanian Chalk of England that is particularly suitable for investigating the regional changes in the lithofacies, diagenesis, geochemistry, and mineralogy of the sediments of the Chalk Sea leading up to the Cenomanian–Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event. It is based on “isochronous” marker bands defined largely by calcitic macrofossil assemblages, and it avoids problems caused by the poor or non-preservation of ammonite assemblages and lateral changes in chalk lithofacies. Eight folgen are based on one, two, or more marker bands. Their sequences, lithologies and calcitic macrofossil assemblages are described from 33 exposures in the Northern Chalk Province of England. The folgen are named, in ascending order, the Belchford, Stenigot, Dalby, Bigby, Candlesby, Nettleton, Louth and Flixton, after villages in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire, England. The folgen are traced throughout the Transitional and Southern Chalk provinces of England. They are present in the Cenomanian chalk of northern Germany and northwest France. Regionally, an individual folge may display considerable vertical and lateral variation in general lithology and lithofacies whilst still maintaining their defining marker bands. The possibility of further refinement to the scheme is discussed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Christopher Vincent Jeans

1

Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Place, Cambridge CB2 3EN, UK

Coexistence of algae and a graptolite-like problematicum: a case study from the late Silurian of Podolia (Ukraine)

Stanisław Skompski Anna Kozłowska Wojciech Kozłowski Piotr Łuczyński

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 2 | 115-133 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2022.143599

Keywords Dasycladales Graptolite-like epibionts Silurian Ludlow Ukraine Peritidal environment

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Abstract

This contribution presents the record of an abundant assemblage of well-preserved, thallophytic noncalcified algae and of an epibiotic form that has been recognised as a putative graptolite from the upper Silurian (Ludlow, Gorstian–Ludfordian) of Podolia (western part of Ukraine). The sediments represent a shallow peritidal zone of the shelf. A new genus and species, Voronocladus dryganti, belonging to the Dasycladales Pascher, 1931, is established. Most of the specimens representing the algal thallus are overgrown by problematical epibiotic graptolites, described as Podoliagraptus algaeoides gen. et sp. nov. This phenomenon is explained as an epiphytic mode of life of the putative graptolite on algae, and is herein compared to recently known coexistences of algae with other organisms. The excellent state of preservation, and the abundance of studied Dasycladales algae and epibiotic problematics indicate that the investigated mudstone layer can be treated as a ‘Konservat Lagerstätte’ sensu Seilacher (1970).

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Authors and Affiliations

Stanisław Skompski

1

Anna Kozłowska

2

Wojciech Kozłowski

1

Piotr Łuczyński

1

University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Żwirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland

Development of the alluvial fan of the Stryi River and its Late Glacial incision in the foreland of the Eastern Carpathians (Western Ukraine)

Andrij Yatcyshyn Piotr Gębica

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 3 | 453-465 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.145620

Keywords Alluvial fan Late Glacial incision Stryi-Zhydachiv Basin western Ukraine

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Abstract

The article presents the stages of development of the alluvial fan of the Stryi River (tributary of the Dniester River), which is the largest alluvial cone in the foreland of the Eastern Carpathians. The alluvial fan has a diverse morphology and complex structure, and its formation is the result of the accumulation and erosion activity of several rivers. In order to reconstruct the evolution of the alluvial fan, geological cross-sections of the Stryi, Svicha and Dniester river valleys were made on the basis of archival drillings and field research. The stratigraphy of the alluvial fills is based mainly on morphological (morphostratigraphic) criteria and the correlation of terrace levels with those of adjacent areas. Fluvial sediments from the Late Glacial and Holocene were dated by the radiocarbon method, which allowed the determination of the age of fan dissection. The main factor controlling the course of accumulation and erosion on the alluvial fan was climate change. The accumulation of alluvial covers was preceded by phases of erosion, which generally fell at the end of the glacial periods (late glacial) and the beginning of the interglacials. Differences in the depth of dissection of the strath and the thickness of the accumulated alluvial sediments in the northern and southern parts of the fan may be the result of different tectonic movements and/or the transport capacity and size of river discharges. In the Late Glacial (Alleröd-Younger Dryas) and the Early Holocene the alluvial fan was dissected to a depth of 10–15 m due to the erosion of the Stryi and Dniester rivers.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrij Yatcyshyn

1

Piotr Gębica

2

Department of Geomorphology, Ivan Franko Lviv National University, Dorohsenka 41, 79000 Lviv, Ukraine
Institute of Archaeology, University of Rzeszów, Moniuszki 10, 35-015 Rzeszów, Poland

Pre-LGM loess deposits in caves of Polish Jura – occurrence and stratigraphic importance

Maciej T. Krajcarz

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 3 | 433-452 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.145624

Keywords Cave deposits loess Stratigraphy Pleistocene Kraków-Częstochowa Upland Poland

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Abstract

Loess is an important component of cave deposits. Loess and loess-like strata in caves and rock shelters may serve as stratigraphic correlative units and paleoclimate indicators. For the Polish Jura (southern Poland), one of the key regions of cave deposits studies in Europe, the published information concerning the stratigraphic importance of loess is limited to the sequences from around the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). In this paper, a review of the archival data about loess deposits situated below the LGM strata in caves and rock shelters of the Polish Jura is presented. The paper discusses the occurrence, lithology, stratigraphy, chronology and paleoecology of the pre-LGM cave loess. The most important sites of the pre-LGM cave loess in the region include: Biśnik Cave, Nietoperzowa Cave, Mamutowa Cave, and Ciemna Cave (only the outer zones). The loess strata in these sites correlate with cold Marine Isotope Stages (MIS): mid-3, 4, 5b–d, 6, and possibly 10. They represent all the main facies of cave loess: typical eolian loess, colluviated loess-like deposits, loess with bedrock debris, and loams of complex grain-size composition but with the predominance of a loess component. Stratigraphic correlations with loess-paleosol sequences are proposed.

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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej T. Krajcarz

1

Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Poland

Are several profiles better than one? Multi-profile palynological study of the Eemian lacustrine sediments at the Wola Starogrodzka site (Garwolin Plain, Central Poland)

Mirosława Kupryjanowicz Magdalena Fiłoc Edyta Żuk-Kempa Marcin Żarski

Acta Geologica Polonica | 2023 | vol. 73 | No 3 | 411-431 | DOI: 10.24425/agp.2023.145626

Keywords Last interglacial MIS-5e Vegetation reconstruction pollen analysis palynostratigraphy Hiatus

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Abstract

Pollen analysis was performed on 14 profiles of fossil biogenic sediments from different parts of the vast depression near the Wola Starogrodzka village (Central Poland). The results allowed the determination of the time of their accumulation for the period from the end of the Odra Glaciation (Warta Stage, Saalian, MIS-6), through the Eemian Interglacial (MIS-5e), to the first interstadial of the Early Vistulian (Brørup, MIS-5c). In many studied profiles, we noted the incompleteness in the pollen record of the Eemian vegetation succession – hiatuses occur usually in the hornbeam (E5) and/or spruce phase (E6). Moreover, the thickness of the same pollen zone and the development of its palynological record are strongly differentiated between individual profiles, e.g. the hornbeam zone (E5) is contained in an exceptionally thick sediment layer (3.7 m) in the PWS1-19 profile, and the oak zone (E3) in the WH-123 and PWS2-19 profiles (1.0 and 1.2 m, respectively), while in other profiles they are represented only by single pollen spectra. If we only had a single profile with a hiatus and/or a poorly developed pollen record, it would be impossible to reconstruct a complete interglacial succession of vegetation. However, having several such imperfect profiles which complemented each other enabled us to do it.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosława Kupryjanowicz

1

Magdalena Fiłoc

1

Edyta Żuk-Kempa

1

Marcin Żarski

2

University of Białystok, Faculty of Biology, Department of Palaeobiology, K. Ciołkowskiego 1J, 15-425 Białystok, Poland
Polish Geological Institute-National Research Institute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Poland

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