The objective of this experimental study was to examine whether an assisting layer of lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) of the granulation 1–4 mm, introduced into a subsoil, is able to improve an efficiency of removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from domestic wastewater. In the investigations, an assisting 0.10 and 0.20 m thick LECA layer was applied. It has been observed that the effectiveness of removal of total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen and total phosphorus from wastewater as well as the level of biochemical oxygen demand ( BOD ₅) and chemical oxygen demand ( COD) is in accordance with the Polish standards on wastewater disposal into grounds and surface water. The performed experiments showed that the effectiveness of raw wastewater purification for the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20 m thick assisting LECA layer is higher than for the 0.10 m thick assisting layer. In the medium sand soil bed with the 0.20 m thick assisting LECA layer, the removal efficiency regarding total nitrogen increased by 20.6%, total phosphorus by 5.2%, ammonium nitrogen by 8.8% and TSS by 5.3%, and reduction efficiency regarding BOD ₅ increased by 1.7% and COD by 2.3% with relation to the 0.10 m thick assisting LECA layer (all percentages – in average). The results of the experiment showed that the LECA with the granulation 1–4 mm can be used to assist in removal of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from wastewater with application of infiltration drainage.

This pilot study investigated the amounts of plastic litter captured by water structures. It is based on hydraulic experiments using flume models of the sluice gate and trash racks. Plastic elements of different shapes and sizes were introduced to the flume upstream of the water device. The study measured the number of plastic elements captured by the device. The outcomes of the study suggest that for each device, it should be possible to determine the size of elements beyond which they can capture plastic elements in substantial quantities. The findings should be helpful in designing future experiments on the capture of plastic elements by water structures

The paper presents the results of studies on local resistance coefficients (ζ). The study used pipe aerators with filling made according to the Polish patent PL235924. The hydraulic investigations were performed in real working conditions of a water treatment plant in a testing rig built in the Scientific and Research Water Station of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW). The investigation encompassed two plastic pipe aerators of an internal diameter 101.6 and 147.6 mm with steel Białecki rings of 12 and 25 mm in diameter. Measurements of pressure difference (Δp) in the investigated aerators were performed at volumetric water flows ( Q) selected from the range 2–20 m ³∙h ^–1 with the interval 2 m ³∙s ^–1. The values of ζ were determined according to the PN-EN 1267:2012 standard. The investigation showed that the ζ depends both on an internal diameter of the plastic pipe aerator and the diameter of Białecki steel rings. The values of ζ increase with a decrease of the internal diameter of the pipe aerator and a decrease of the ring diameter.