@ARTICLE{Lopushniak_V._Bioenergetic_2016,
 author={Lopushniak, V. and Lopushnjak, G. and Grytsulyak, G.},
 volume={vol. 16},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Teka Commission of Motorization and Power Industry in Agriculture},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2016},
 publisher={The Lublin Branch of the Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Osier (salix viminalis) is a promising energy crop for the growing bioenergy purposes in Ukraine. It is unpretentious to the conditions of growth, marked with simplicity of cultivation technology, well-withdrawn for fertilization. Sewage sludge, due to its chemical composition and high content of organic matter, can be successfully used to fertilize the willow. The calculations of bioenergetic and economic efficiency showed that application of sewage sludge and compost with sawdust and straw in a ratio of 3: 1 at osier is marked with a high effect. In the studies performed in conditions of Ukraine’s Precarpathians on sod-podzolic soils we found that the highest biomass output and, therefore, gross energy per unit of area in agrocenoses of osier provided the application of fresh sewage sludge at a rate of 80 t / ha. In this option the dry biomass output made 39.4 t / ha, gross energy with the yield - 1,580 GJ / ha, the costs of energy generation - 6.2 UAH / GJ, the costs of gross output - 17.8 thousand UAH / ha, the rate of energy efficiency - 1.69. However, the highest rates of economic and bioenergetic efficiency after the fourth year of the willow vegetation we observed when the sewage sludge compost with straw of grain crops at a doze 40 and 60 t / ha was applied. In these variants the lowest cost of the biomass production was obtained (at the level 109 - 111 UAH / ton), the cost of the received energy from the biomass (5.6 - 5.7 UAH / GJ), the highest profitability value (97 - 101%) and the best performing of energy efficiency coefficient - 1.85 - 1.89.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Bioenergetic and economic estimation of sewage sludge use in osier cultivation},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/108391/PDF-MASTER/Lopushnyak.pdf},
 keywords={biomass, osier (salix viminalis), sewage sludge (SS), bioenergetic estimation},
}