@ARTICLE{Klojzy-Karczmarczyk_Beata_Coal_2018,
 author={Klojzy-Karczmarczyk, Beata and Wiencek, Marek and Mazurek, Janusz},
 volume={vol. 21},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal},
 pages={137-150},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2018},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={The new legislative provisions, regulating the solid fuel trade in Poland, and the resolutions of provincial assemblies assume, inter alia, a ban on the household use of lignite fuels and solid fuels produced with its use; this also applies to coal sludge, coal flotation concentrates, and mixtures produced with their use. These changes will force the producers of these materials to find new ways and methods of their development, including their modification (mixing with other products or waste) in order to increase their attractiveness for the commercial power industry. The presented paper focuses on the analysis of coal sludge, classified as waste (codes 01 04 12 and 01 04 81) or as a by-product in the production of coals of different types. A preliminary analysis aimed at presenting changes in quality parameters and based on the mixtures of hard coal sludge (PG SILESIA) with coal dusts from lignite (pulverized lignite) (LEAG) has been carried out. The analysis of quality parameters of the discussed mixtures included the determination of the calorific value, ash content, volatile matter content, moisture content, heavy metal content (Cd, Tl, Hg, Sb, As, Pb, Cr, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni, and W), and sulfur content. The preliminary analysis has shown that mixing coal sludge with coal dust from lignite and their granulation allows a product with the desired quality and physical parameters to be obtained, which is attractive to the commercial power industry. Compared to coal sludge, granulates made of coal sludge and coal dust from lignite with or without ground dolomite have a higher sulfur content (in the range of 1–1.4%). However, this is still an acceptable content for solid fuels in the commercial power industry. Compared to the basic coal sludge sample, the observed increase in the content of individual toxic components in the mixture samples is small and it therefore can be concluded that the addition of coal dust from lignite or carbonates has no significant effect on the total content of the individual elements. The calorific value is a key parameter determining the usefulness in the power industry. The size of this parameter for coal sludge in an as received basis is in the range of 9.4–10.6 MJ/kg. In the case of the examined mixtures of coal sludge with coal dust from lignite, the calorific value significantly increases to the range of 14.0–14.5 MJ/kg (as received). The obtained values increase the usefulness in the commercial power industry while, at the same time, the requirements for the combustion of solid fuels are met to a greater extent. A slight decrease in the calorific value is observed in the case of granulation with the addition of CaO or carbonates. Taking the analyzed parameters into account, it can be concluded that the prepared mixtures can be used in the combustion in units with flue gas desulfurization plants and a nominal thermal power not less than 1 MW. At this stage of work no cost analysis was carried out.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Coal sludge and their mixtures as prospective energy resources},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/108641/PDF/10-a-08-Klojzy-i-inni.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/124499},
 keywords={hard coal mining, coal sludge, coal dust from lignite (pulverized lignite), granulation, quality parameters, calorific value, professional power industry},
}