@ARTICLE{Adamczewski_Kazimierz_Significant_2019,
 author={Adamczewski, Kazimierz and Matysiak, Kinga and Kierzek, Roman and Kaczmarek, Sylwia},
 volume={vol. 59},
 number={No 2},
 journal={Journal of Plant Protection Research},
 pages={139-150},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2019},
 publisher={Committee of Plant Protection PAS},
 publisher={Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute},
 abstract={Between 2004 and 2017, multiple studies on the herbicide resistance of weeds were conducted by the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Poland. Weed seeds, collected from fields located in various regions of Poland where herbicide use was ineffective, were used in studies conducted under greenhouse conditions. A total of 261 loose silky bent (Apera spica-venti L.) samples were found to be herbicide resistant, which translates to 52.4% of the fields under study. Nearly 50% of the analyzed samples exhibited resistance to sulfonylurea herbicides. Resistance to acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors was found in 18 fields, whereas resistance to photosystem II (PSII) inhibitors (isoproturon) was found in 12 fields. Herbicide resistance of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) occurred in 26 of the fields under study. In addition, resistance of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors occurred in 10 spring cereal crops. In the case of winter wheat, resistance of cornflower (Centaurea cyanus L.) to tribenuron-methyl occurred in 23 fields. Scentless chamomile (Matricaria inodora L.) and field poppy (Papaver rhoeas L.) were resistant to tribenuron-methyl in four and three fields, respectively, of winter wheat. In the case of sugar beet, three biotypes of fat hen (Chenopodium album L.) and two biotypes of redroot amaranth (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) were resistant to metamitron. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis L.), which grows on railway tracks, exhibited resistance to glyphosate. This paper reviews all studies conducted in Poland on weed resistance. Based on the results, maps of weed resistance in Poland were created.},
 type={Article},
 title={Significant increase of weed resistance to herbicides in Poland},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/112840/PDF/R_JPPR_59_2_333_Adamczewski.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/jppr.2019.129293},
 keywords={ACCase inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, dicot weeds, grass weeds, PSII inhibitors, resistance coefficient},
}