@ARTICLE{Duży_Stanisław_Heading_2017,
 author={Duży, Stanisław and Głuch, Piotr and Ratajczak, Adam and Giza, Damian},
 number={Nr 97},
 journal={Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk},
 pages={173-188},
 address={More info at Journal site: https://min-pan.krakow.pl/wydawnictwo/czasopisma/zeszyty-naukowe-instytutu-surowcami-mineralnymi-i-energia-pan/ https://min-pan.krakow.pl/wydawnictwo/wp-content/uploads/sites/4/2018/02/Wskazowki-ZN-ang-2018.pdf},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2017},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk},
 abstract={Caving in the excavation of mining galleries is a dangerous phenomenon, resulting in a threat to the health and life of humans, technological difficulties (transport, ventilation, etc.) and economic losses. Mining galleries list: design errors, runtime errors, errors and random causes among the causes of the caving occurring in recent periods in the excavation of underground coal mines. Examples in the recent period of caving in the excavation of mining galleries in coal mines indicated that one of the main causes of the situation was the loss of capacity and double timber technical wear caused by the corrosion of the profile. In practice, the caving that occur as a result of the technical wear can be divided into the breaking arc of a roof – bar, the loss of stability of one of the heading walls and a total heading collapse. On the basis of the carried out analysis of these cases, guidelines were proposed for improving the safe operation of the workings. The improvement of support stability may be achieved by applying additional supports, stabilizing the structure by bolting the support sets or by introducing a fiber-reinforced concrete coating with injection into the rock mass. Examples of caving occurring in the excavation, for which the preparatory selection of support does not match the geological-mining conditions, were also presented. The summary indicated the importance of diagnostics roadway in the safe and efficient conduct of mining that should be covered by the operational rules, and their scope and frequency should be adapted to the rank of the occurrence of hazard and support construction.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Heading collapses in view of the loss of bearing capacity and the technical wear of support sets},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/113773/PDF/document%20(22).pdf},
 keywords={mining, exploitation, abandoned workings, mining support, excavation stability},
}