@ARTICLE{Koziński_Mirosław_H._Criminal_2010,
 author={Koziński, Mirosław H.},
 number={No XXVI},
 pages={5-39},
 journal={Prawo Morskie},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2010},
 publisher={Oddział PAN w Gdańsku},
 abstract={This article takes on seldom discussed subject of maritime criminal law. It draws inspiration from growing number o f offenses being committed at sea, including acts o f piracy. The first part of the report explores basics o f Polish criminal law with particular attention paid to its maritime aspects. The author criticizes the method o f implementation into Polish law o f maritime offenses as required by the United Nations Convention on the Law o f the Sea (UNCLOS 1982). The study notes in this context the significance of Convention for the Suppression o f Unlawful Acts Against the Safety o f Maritime Navigation (SUA 1988) and in particular its implementation into Polish Criminal Code. The author advocates ratification of the 2005 Protocol to the SUA Convention by Poland and speedy inclusion o f terrorism offenses defined therein into Polish law. Much attention is being paid to the offense o f piracy. The author distinguishes between an act o f terrorism at sea and an act o f piracy and recommends adoption o f definition of piracy by domestic legal systems as set forth in UNCLOS Article 101. Domestic regulations are modeled after legal framework adopted by Comite Maritime International (CMI). The study includes draft legislation. Next the author discusses criminal law o f the European Union, including the Directive 2005/35/EC o f the European Parliament and of the Council on ship-source pollution and on the introduction o f penalties for infringements (as amended by the Directive 2009/123/EC). The Directive introduces a new level o f sea pollution enforcement by way o f inter alia, criminalizing certain acts. The author suggests introducing those offenses into Polish law. Finally, the study examines financial penalties commonly applied in maritime law. The author voices skepticism as to theoretical and legal grounds for administration of those sanctions by maritime authorities.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Criminal law in maritime legislation},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/114174/PDF-MASTER/document%20-%202019-10-01T110645.936.pdf},
}