@ARTICLE{Chrulski_Tomasz_The_2020,
 author={Chrulski, Tomasz},
 volume={vol. 23},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal},
 pages={71-92},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2020},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={As is well known, gas consumption and its prices depends on many factors including local factors, geopolitics, the development of the gas transport infrastructure (including liquefied natural gas), distribution and extraction costs – for example unconventional deposits (e.g. shale gas). The global gas market depends primarily on the economic relations between large gas producers and importers e.g. US-China, Middle East/US – Russia etc. (Olayele 2015). In individual countries, the price is also dependent on concluded contracts and delivery directions. Also it should be mentioned that the gas consumption depends on weather conditions, type of day of the year (holiday, business day, month) and economic situation (Kosowski et. al 2010). What impact has the appearance of the COVID-19 epidemic had on the European natural gas market? The analyzed research problem concerned, in particular, two areas: gas consumption and its prices, in selected European countries in the aspect of the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic with reference to historical data from 2016–2019. Seven European countries belonging to the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Gas (ENTSOG) were selected, for which the highest inland consumption of natural gas by country was observed in the last year. The countries are presented in order or consumption: Germany, the United Kingdom, Italy, France, the Netherlands, Spain, Poland. The data has been downloaded from transmission system operators (TSOs) for each of these countries. Furthermore the article showed information about the dates of governments restrictions (lockdown), LNG contract volumes, injection/withdrawal volumes (storage).},
 title={The process of consumption and natural gas prices in European countries in the aspect of the COVID-19 virus spread},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/118053/PDF-MASTER/05-PE-10-Chrulski-aut.pdf},
 keywords={gas consumption, COVID-19, natural gas prices, lockdown},
}