@ARTICLE{Ferguson_J._Connor_Effect_2022,
 author={Ferguson, J. Connor and Calhoun, Justin S. and Broster, Kayla L. and Merritt, Luke H. and Treadway, Zachary R. and Wesley Jr., Michael T. and Fleitz, Nicholas},
 volume={vol. 62},
 number={No 1},
 journal={Journal of Plant Protection Research},
 pages={93-101},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2022},
 publisher={Committee of Plant Protection PAS},
 publisher={Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute},
 abstract={Nozzle type and herbicide application timing can affect herbicide efficacy. Prickly sida ( Sida spinosa) and barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli) are problematic weeds in eastern Mississippi cotton production and have reduced yield in recent years. Field studies were conducted at two locations – Brooksville, MS (2018, 2019) and Starkville, MS (2019) to understand the nozzle type and herbicide application timing effects on prickly sida and barnyardgrass control in cotton. Studies also compared applications made by an eight-nozzle tractor-mounted sprayer with a four-nozzle backpack sprayer. Herbicide applications were made at four timings: preemergence (PRE), early-postemergence (EPOST), mid-postemergence (MPOST), and late-postemergence (LPOST) corresponding to the preemergence (immediately after planting), two-to-three leaf, four-to-six leaf, and early-bloom stages, respectively. Treatments were made at 140 l · ha−1 applied at each growth stage, with nozzle type and sprayer as variables by each timing. Results showed no differences in treatments applied with backpack and tractor-mounted sprayers. Control of barnyardgrass was significantly affected by nozzle type, but control of prickly sida was not significantly influenced by nozzle type. In all three site-years, plots receiving a MPOST only herbicide application resulted in less weed control than areas receiving a two-pass POST herbicide program. Cotton yield was significantly affected by the herbicide program at one site-year, but was not significantly affected by the herbicide program except where cotton injury exceeded 15%. A two- or three-pass herbicide program was most effective in controlling prickly sida and barnyardgrass in Mississippi cotton.},
 type={Article},
 title={Effect of nozzle type selection on prickly sida ( Sida spinosa L.) and barnyardgrass ( Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv.) control in Mississippi cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum)},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/122819/PDF-MASTER/OA_09_JPPR_62_1_1239_Ferguson.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/jppr.2022.140300},
 keywords={acetochlor, clethodim, cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), glufosinate, pyrithiobac sodium, spray droplet size, sprayer type, weed control},
}