@ARTICLE{Mokrzycki_Eugeniusz_Role_2002,
 author={Mokrzycki, Eugeniusz},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management},
 pages={33-58},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2002},
 publisher={Komitet Zrównoważonej Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi PAN},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={The energy problems must be considered globally, both with respect to the sources of energy and functioning markets and with respect to the environmental protection. The energy fossil raw materials, as compared with the remaining prime energy carriers, arc decisive for the development ofthe word economy. The world reserves ofthe hard coal in 200 I were estimated to be equal to 5191 Gt, offwhich nearly half (2459 Gt) were located in Asia and Eastern Europe, including the Russian Federation. The enbrmous reserves of hard coal are found in North America (1202 Gt), which constitutes more than 23% of the world hard coal reserves. The worldwide production ofhard coal in 2000 amounted to 3639 Mt, including 3142 Mt of steam coal and 497 Mt of coking coal. The considerable increase in the production of hard coal occurred in Australia, Africa, Asia and North America. In Europe, for the period of 20 years of the last century, the drop in hard coal production by 292 Mt was reported. The consumption ofcoal in the work in 2000 amounted to 3738 Mt, including steam coal at the rate of3220 Mt and coking coal at the rate of 518 Mt. Europe reduced the consumption of coal by 193 Mt, including 148 Mt of steam coal and 45 Mt of coking coal, which was due to the considerable restructuring of the mining industry in the EU countries. The domestic reserves as at 2000 exceeded 39.3 Gtoe, off which more than 99.5% are the coal reserves. The remaining, primary energy carriers, i.e. crude oil and natural gas both constitute as little as 0.51% of the national reserves of energy carrying raw materials. The domestic balance reserves of hard coal as at December 31 1999 were equal to 18 152 Mt, including industrial reserves equal to 8 354 Mt. The geology reserves ofbrown coal are found in 78 deposits and amount to the total ofover 13 984.14 Mt, including the reserves recognized in detail (4455 Mt). The industry reserves of the developed deposits arc equal to 1778.5 Mt. The national power system is the largest and most significant system in Central Europe. The gross production of energy in Poland in 2000 amounted to 145 I 69 GW·h, including the total production ofpublic utility power plants equal to 133.8 TW·h, offwhich hard coal fired power plants generated 84 153 GW·h, while public utility brown coal fired power plants produced 49 677 GW·h.},
 type={Artykuł},
 title={Role of hard coal and brown coal in Polish energy sector},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/132604/PDF-MASTER/5_GSM_18_4_2002_Mokrzycki_Role.pdf},
 keywords={hard coal, brown coal, fossil fuels, reserves, electricity generation},
}