@ARTICLE{Kalina_Jacek_Sizing_2024,
 author={Kalina, Jacek},
 volume={vol. 45},
 number={No 4 (in progress)},
 journal={Archives of Thermodynamics},
 pages={107-124},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2024},
 publisher={The Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences and The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={Electrification of district heating and deep integration of sectors of national economies are fundamental elements of the future smart energy systems. This paper discusses the problem of optimal sizing of large-scale high-temperature heat pumps using treated sewage water as a heat source in a coal-fired district heating system. The study presents an approach to modelling of heat pump system that enables techno-economic analysis for investment decision making. Such analysis is enabled by a black-box-type identification model of the selected industrial heat pump. The model was developed based on the data generated by physical modelling of the heat pump using Ebsilon Professional software. In addition, it is proposed that the heat pump system is integrated with a dedicated photovoltaic power plant. The case study takes into consideration site-specific technical, economic, ecological, and legal constraints, weather conditions, hydraulic performance of the heat-ing network, and variability of loads within the sewage and the district heating systems. The results revealed that the proposed modelling approach is effective regarding multiple simulations and system optimisation. In addition, it was found that large-scale heat pump projects can be technically feasible and profitable if the heat pump is appropriately sized and operated. In the given case, the optimum size of the heat pump for a city of around 180 000 inhabitants is around 12 MW under maximum winter load.},
 type={Article},
 title={Sizing large-scale industrial heat pump for heat recovery from treated municipal sewage in coal-fired district heating system},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/133115/10_AoT_4-2024_Kalina_713.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ather.2024.152001},
 keywords={District heating, Heat pumps, Sewage treatment plants, Sector integration, Renewable energy},
}