@ARTICLE{Iwanowicz_Damian_Dilemmas_2025,
 author={Iwanowicz, Damian and Ostrowski, Krzysztof},
 volume={vol. 71},
 number={No 1},
 pages={523–541},
 journal={Archives of Civil Engineering},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2025},
 publisher={WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING and COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES},
 abstract={Residual queues are one of fundamental traffic quantities indicating the traffic performance of signalized road intersections. Intersection queues indicate traffic congestion, i.e., traffic jams building up on the road system. Accurate queue length estimation is an essential part of road intersection and system performance assessments and the associated decision-making process. This is particularly important in the geometric design of intersections and in arterial congestion analyses. The analyses and comparisons presented in this article relate mainly to the new Polish guidelines for performing road traffic measurements (WR-D-12). Alternative ways of estimating queues were also checked in terms of their estimation accuracy. The first part of article gives a review of the literature on the traffic queue estimation methods. Then, own research results were characterized to show the complexity of the issue of residual queues at signalized intersections. Further on, different vehicle queue estimation approaches are analyzed, including the guidance provided in WR-D-12. A comparative analysis of empirical data obtained on a few intersections was conducted at this point of our study. The final part of this article includes the authors’ conclusions and recommendations for correct estimation and accurate determination of residual vehicles number for traffic capacity analyses.},
 title={Dilemmas of intersection queue length estimation in traffic capacity analyses},
 type={Article},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/134520/PDF-MASTER/32_1k.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ace.2025.153348},
 keywords={vehicle queues, traffic lights, traffic surveys},
}