@ARTICLE{Biswas_Nirmalendu_Thermomagnetic_2025,
 author={Biswas, Nirmalendu and Mandal, Dipak Kumar and Manna, Nirmal K. and Benim, Ali Cemal},
 volume={vol. 46},
 number={No 1},
 pages={61‒81},
 journal={Archives of Thermodynamics},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2025},
 publisher={The Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences and The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={In this work, thermomagnetic convection and irreversibility production in a hybrid nanofluid-filled wavy-walled porous thermal system containing a semi-circular heated bottom is presented. Both the sidewalls of the enclosure are cooled and undulated with varying undulation numbers. The lower wall is partially undulated following a semi-circular-shaped object and is heated isothermally. The horizontal walls are insulated. The cavity is occupied with Cu-Al2O3/water-based hybrid nanofluid and porous substances under the impact of the evenly applied horizontal magnetic field. This work significantly contributes to the existing research rendering an exhaustive understanding of the hydrothermal flow-physics as well as irreversibility production of a hybrid nanofluid in the cavity having surface undulation. The Galerkin weighted finite ele-ment method is utilized to solve the mathematical model. The hydrothermal performance of the thermal system is con-siderably influenced by various pertinent factors such as Darcy-Rayleigh number, Darcy number, Hartmann number, and number of undulations. The wall undulations have a critical role in altering the hydrothermal performance. Heatlines are used to analyse heat transport dynamics from the protruded hot surface to the heat sink. The protruded heater wall induces the formation of a hot upward plume in the nearest fluid layers. The flow divides into two parts forming a pair of circula-tions due to symmetrical cooling at the sidewalls. The flow behaviours are significantly dampened by increasing the Hart-mann number. The associated total entropy generation is also demonstrated. This study contributes to the existing domain knowledge and provides insights for designing and optimizing similar thermal systems.},
 title={Thermomagnetic convection and entropy generation in a hybrid nanofluid filled wavy-walled cavity heated non-uniformly},
 type={Article},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/134775/7_AoT_1-2025_Mandal_730.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ather.2025.154182},
 keywords={Magnetohydrodynamic flow, Nanofluid flow, Hybrid wavy-wall heating, Entropy generation, Heat transfer},
}