@ARTICLE{Lavanya_Baradi_Numerical_2025,
 author={Lavanya, Baradi and Srinivas, Gosukonda and Babu, Baluguri Suresh and Makinde, Oluvole Daniel},
 volume={vol. 46},
 number={No 1},
 pages={83‒96},
 journal={Archives of Thermodynamics},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2025},
 publisher={The Committee of Thermodynamics and Combustion of the Polish Academy of Sciences and The Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={This paper investigates the flow and heat transfer characteristics of CuO–water nanofluid in a square channel with an inner triangular groove that is continuously heated. By applying a transverse magnetic field, the governing coupled and nonlinear equations are solved using the Galerkin finite element method across various Reynolds numbers. The analysis provides com-prehensive insights into the effects of different parameters through stream plots and contour plots. The heat transfer rate, represented by the Nusselt number (Nu), is graphically presented for the heated inner triangular groove and thoroughly dis-cussed. Results indicate that the flow rate significantly influences heat transfer, particularly for high Reynolds numbers, with notable effects observed in both the upper and lower parts of the channel. Optimal heat transfer is achieved at a 3% concen-tration of CuO nano-particles, highlighting the potential for enhanced thermal performance in such configurations.},
 title={Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer of CuO-Water Nanofluid Through a Square Channel with Heated Inner Triangular Groove},
 type={Article},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/134776/8_AOT-1-2025-SureshBabu_785.pdf},
 doi={10.24425/ather.2025.154183},
 keywords={Heat transfer, CuO-water nanofluid, Square channel, Inner triangular groove, Finite element method},
}