@ARTICLE{Smyłła_Aleksandra_The_2011,
 author={Smyłła, Aleksandra and Kostecki, Maciej and Krupa, Piotr and Malinowska, Beata and Kliś, Anna},
 volume={vol. 37},
 number={No 1},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2011},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={The prevalence of heavy metals in wastewater is the cause of death of numerous organisms which take part in biological treatment of wastewater, that is why the aim of the study has been to asses the influence of cadmium and copper ions upon the microfauna of activated sludge. 5, 10, 50, and 100 mg/l of Cd2+ and Cu2+ were added into the samples of activated sludge and then, after 24 hours, the microscopic observations of activated sludge microfauna were carried out, and all changes concerning the amount of microfauna, functional groups, and species composition were determined. The results obtained allowed to find a high level of toxicity of Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions to activated sludge microfauna, which resulted in the changes in the value of the Sludge Biotic Index and classes of sludge, survivability of microfauna, and reduction in the number of taxonomic units. It was observed that Cu2+ ions are more toxic to activated sludge microfauna than Cd2+ ions in identical doses. Organisms sensitive to Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions have been found to be testate amoebae, Aspidisca sp. and Epistylis sp., as well as organisms relatively sensitive to tested metals, which turned out to be ciliates of Opercularia and Vorticella convalaria genera.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={The Influence of Cadmium and Copper Ions on Microfauna of Activated Sludge},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/85409/mainfile.pdf},
 keywords={activated sludge, BIO, heavy metal, toxicity, ciliates, indicator organisms},
}