@ARTICLE{Bukowska_Mirosława_Chronostratygraficzna_2012,
 author={Bukowska, Mirosława and Sanetra, Urszula and Wadas, Mariusz},
 volume={vol. 28},
 number={No 4},
 journal={Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management},
 pages={151-166},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2012},
 publisher={Komitet Zrównoważonej Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi PAN},
 publisher={Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN},
 abstract={This article presents values of porosity and compression strength of hard coals from the area of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin. The change of the stage of carbonification, which results from conversion of coal substance in the process of coalification, is a source of many changes in the structure of coal. These changes exert influence on values of physical parameters, including the values of porosity and strength. Porosity and compression strength change with the degree of carbonification, a result of the depth of deposition. This study determined the values of effective porosity of coals and their strength considering the age chronology of coal seams and the depth of their occurrence. It examined coals of the Cracow Sandstone Series, the Mudstone Series, the Upper Silesian Sandstone Series, and the Paralic Series from depths ranging from about 350 m to 1200 m. The authors have shown that effective porosity of the Upper Silesian coals changes for particular stratigraphic groups and assumes values from a few to a dozen or so per cent, while compression strength from several to several dozen megapascals. It has been observed, from a chronostratigraphic perspective, that there is a shifting of the upper and lower limits of intervals of porosity variations towards higher values for younger coals. With the increase in compression strength, value of porosity in particular stratigraphic groups generally decreases. However, no regular changes were observed in mean, uniaxial compressive strength with the increase in the age of subsequent stratigraphic groups. On the other hand, for bright coal and semi-bright coal, a visible decrease in compression strength with the depth of deposition of strata was observed.},
 type={Article},
 title={Chronostratygraficzna i głębokościowa zmienność porowatości i wytrzymałości węgli w Górnośląskim Zagłębiu Węglowym},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/85765/PDF/bukowska-i-inni.pdf},
 doi={10.2478/v10269-012-0029-8},
 keywords={porosity, strength, coal, the USCB},
}