@ARTICLE{Kowalski_Witold_J._Synthesis_2012,
 author={Kowalski, Witold J. and Romanowska, Iwona and Smol, Marzena and Silowiecki, Andrzej and Głazek, Mariola},
 volume={vol. 38},
 number={No 3},
 journal={Archives of Environmental Protection},
 howpublished={online},
 year={2012},
 publisher={Polish Academy of Sciences},
 abstract={A novel herbicidal controlled release formulation composed of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) chemically bonded to biodegradable (R,S)-3-hydroxybutyric acid oligomers was investigated. The synthesis of (R,S)-3-hydroxy butyric acid oligomers was carried out via the ring opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone initiated by 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic potassium salt in the presence of complexing agents. The formed oligomers were characterized by size exclusion chromatography, proton magnetic resonance and electrospray mass spectrometry in order to fi nd out their molar mass distribution and molecular structures. An assessment of biological effectiveness of the obtained herbicidal formulation was carried out in the greenhouse vs. Sinapis alba var. Nakielska. A promotion of the controlled release formulation with decreased water solubility and with low vapor pressure of the active ingredient, instead of traditional formulations of 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid may help to ensure a greater safety for workers and reduce the risk of dissemination of the active ingredient in the soil profi le.},
 type={Artykuły / Articles},
 title={Synthesis and evaluation of effectiveness of a controlled release preparation 2,4-d: a reduction of risk of pollution and exposure of workers},
 URL={http://ochroma.man.poznan.pl/Content/85766/PDF/10265-Volume38-Issue3-paper_11.pdf},
 doi={10.2478/v10265-012-0034-4},
 keywords={Acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), controlled release, ring-opening polymerization of β-butyrolactone, SEC, 1H-NMR, ESI-MS characterization of oligomers, assessment of the herbicide effectiveness},
}