Details Details PDF BIBTEX RIS Title Investigation of Welding Forces and Torque Measurement using Octagonal Ring Dynamometer in Refill Friction Stir Spot Welding of Pure Copper Journal title Archives of Metallurgy and Materials Yearbook 2025 Volume vol. 70 Issue No 2 Authors Ge, Xiaole ; Kolupaev, I.N. ; Jiang, Di ; Wang, Hongfeng Affiliation Ge, Xiaole : National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Depart ment of Materials Science, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine ; Ge, Xiaole : Huangshan University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Huangshan, 245041, P.R. China ; Kolupaev, I.N. : National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Depart ment of Materials Science, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine ; Jiang, Di : National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Depart ment of Materials Science, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine ; Jiang, Di : Huangshan University, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Huangshan, 245041, P.R. China ; Wang, Hongfeng : National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Depart ment of Materials Science, Kharkiv, 61002, Ukraine Keywords RFSSW ; copper ; welding force ; torque ; measurement Divisions of PAS Nauki Techniczne Coverage 539-552 Publisher Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science of Polish Academy of Sciences ; Committee of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy of Polish Academy of Sciences Date 25.06.2025 Type Article Identifier DOI: 10.24425/amm.2025.153454 <div class="test"></div>