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International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

Opis

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications (IJET, eISSN 2300-1933, untill 2013 also print ISSN 2081-8491) is a periodical of Electronics and Telecommunications Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences and it is published by Warsaw Science Publishers of PAS. It continues tradition of the Electronics and Telecommunications Quarterly (ISSN 0867-6747) established in 1955 as the Rozprawy Elektrotechniczne. The IJET is a scientific periodical where papers present the results of original, theoretical, experimental and reviewed works. They consider widely recognized aspects of modern electronics, telecommunications, microelectronics, optoelectronics, radioelectronics and medical electronics.

The authors are outstanding scientists, well‐known experienced specialists as well as young researchers – mainly candidates for a doctor's degree. The papers present original approaches to problems, interesting research results, critical estimation of theories and methods, discuss current state or progress in a given branch of technology and describe development prospects. All the papers published in IJET are reviewed by international specialists who ensure that the publications are recognized as author's scientific output.

The printed periodical is distributed among all those who deal with electronics and telecommunications in national scientific centers as well as in numeral foreign institutions, and it is subscribed by many specialists and libraries. Its electronic version is available at http://ijet.pl.

The papers received are published within half a year if the cooperation between author and the editorial staff is efficient. The papers may be submitted to the editorial office by the journal web page http://ijet.pl.


Journal Metrics:

IMPACT FACTOR 2023: 0.5

CiteScore metrics from Scopus 2023: 1.5

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023: 0.200

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.364

Citation Indicator (JCI): 0.15

ISSN
eISSN 2300-1933 (since 2013), ISSN 2081-8491 (until 2012)
Wydawcy
Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Electronics and Telecommunications

Editor-in-Chief
Ryszard S. Romaniuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Managing Editor
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Technical Editors
Grzegorz Borowik, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Telecommunications, Poland
Maciej Linczuk, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, Poland

Secretary in-Charge
Danuta Ojrzenska-Wojter, Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Telecommunications, Poland

Administrative Assistant
Danuta Sobczak-Bartosiewicz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Technical Secretary
Michał Ramotowski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland


Editorial Advisory Board
Prof. Victor-Valeriu Patriciu, Director Doctoral School of Electronics, Informatics and Communications for Defense and Security, Military Technical Academy Bucharest, Romania, Romania

Prof. Bart Scheers, Royal Military Academy, Belgium

Dr. Eli Winjum, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Norway

Wladyslaw Skarbek, Warsaw University of Technology, IRE, Poland

Christian Napoli, University of Catania, Italy

Rosario Giunta, University of Catania, Italy

Christopher Chiu, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Prof. Emiliano Tramontana, University of Catania, Italy

Prof Robin Braun, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Dr David Davis, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

dr Brian Culshaw, University of Strathclyde, UK, United Kingdom

Grzegorz Chmaj, University of Nevada, United States

Giuseppe Pappalardo, University of Catania, Italy

Michael Affenzeller, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria

Prof. Stavros Hatzopoulos, Laboratory of Hearing Science Audiology Dept., University of Ferrara, Italy, Italy

Prof Nikita M Ryskin, Saratov State University, Russian Federation

Prof. Adam Wolisz, Technische Universität Berlin, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Telecommunication Networks

Prof. Edmundo Monteiro, Departamento de Engenharia Informatica Universidade de Coimbra Portugal, Portugal

Prof. Zoubir Mammeri, IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier 118 Route de Narbonne F-31062 Toulouse Cedex 9 FRANCE, France

Dr Paul D Polishuk, IGI, Boston, MA, USA

Giuseppe Macchiarella, Politecnico di Milano,Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Italy

Prof. Bernd Steinbach, Bergakademie Freiberg Fakultät für Mathematik und Informatik Institut, Germany

Jan Szmidt, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Zenon Chaczko, University of Technology Sydney, Australia

Józef Modelski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Wiesław Woliński, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Ryszard Klempous, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Radomir Stanković, University of Niš, Serbia

Javier Poncela, University of Malaga, Spain

Marek Turowski, CFD Research Corporation, United States

Dawid Zydek, NV Energy, United States

Wojciech Szpankowski, Purdue University, United States

Jacek Żurada, University of Louisville, United States

Tadeusz Luba, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Stefan Hahn, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Gilbert De Mey, Ghent University, Belgium

Svetlana Yanushkevich, University of Calgary, Canada

Viktor Krozer, Technical University of Denmark, Denmark

Adam Morawiec, European Electronic Chips & Systems Design Initiative, France

Herman Rohling, Technical University of Hamburg, Germany

Franco Davoli, University of Genowa, Italy

Michał Mrozowski, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland

Włodzimierz Janke, Koszalin University of Technology, Poland

Principal Contact
Ryszard S. Romaniuk
Professor
Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Electronic Systems, room 217, Nowowiejska 15/19, Warsaw 00-665, Poland
Phone: +48222345110
Fax: +48228252300
Email: ryszard.romaniuk@pw.edu.pl

Support Contact
Danuta Bartosiewicz
Email: danuta.bartosiewicz@pw.edu.pl

 

 

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.


The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.


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Zawartość

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4

1 The Most Suitable 5G Simulator Scenarios for Lab as a Service (LaaS) in Higher Education
Hasanah Putri , Sinta Novanana
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 639-644 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.146517
Słowa kluczowe: 5G software LaaS higher education laboratory real network experience
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Abstrakt

The 5G System is being developed and enhanced to provide unparalleled connectivity to connect everyone and everything, everywhere. 5G technology use cases depicts the prospects of 5G network model to revolutionize Industry and Education is not an exception . To catch up with the latest technology in the higher education environment there’s a need to have 5G Lab as a Service (LaaS) in education to simulate the real network experience. The software is the key to this generation as the virtualization, modularity and abstraction become more popular in the implementation and that the cloud computing is nowadays becoming the trend of technology. This paper presents a software selection between free5gc, magma and open5gs program. The 5G lab located in Jakarta Indonesia has the ability where in physical and virtual resources can be accessed and managed from any location in the world. Free5gc opensource software solution is the most suitable software which can be used as LaaS in Higher Education laboratory. With a LaaS, we can configuration, connection, and troubleshoot 5G infrastructure including radio access networks, core networks, and transportation networks.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hasanah Putri
1
Sinta Novanana
2
  1. Telkom University, Indonesia
  2. University Train 4 Best, Indonesia
2 Practical Approach to IP Scheduled Throughput Measurements in Dual Connectivity Systems
Arkadiusz Zięba , Martin Kollar , Krzysztof Tatarczyk , Jarosław Sadowski
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 645-654 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.146518
Słowa kluczowe: IP Scheduled Throughput distributed system Edge computing cloud Long Term Evolution (LTE) Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) Carrier aggregation (CA) UE Throughput Key Performance Indicator(KPI) Quality of Experience (QoE) quality of service (QoS)
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Abstrakt

IP scheduled throughput defined according to 3GPP TS 36.314 reflects user throughput regardless of traffic characteristics, and therefore has become one of the most important indicators for monitoring Quality of Service (QoS) of the end user in Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN). However, networks built on a distributed architecture make the above definition impossible to be applied directly due to the implementation challenges. This paper gives an overview of the classical Long Term Evolution (LTE) architecture as opposed to Dual Connectivity (DC) topology and focuses on a novel method of solving the calculation issue with the IP scheduled throughput measurement in edge computing environment. Experimental results show a good agreement with the real end user perception.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Arkadiusz Zięba
1
Martin Kollar
1
Krzysztof Tatarczyk
1
Jarosław Sadowski
2
  1. Nokia Solutions & Networks, Poland
  2. Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
3 Automated Linearization of a System of Nonlinear Ordinary Differential Equations
Aigerim Mazakova , Sholpan Jomartova , Waldemar Wójcik , Talgat Mazakov , Gulzat Ziyatbekova
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 655-600 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147684
Słowa kluczowe: Ordinary differential equation Computer algebra stability controllability MatLab
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Abstrakt

This paper investigates the possibility of automatically linearizing nonlinear models. Constructing a linearised model for a nonlinear system is quite labor-intensive and practically unrealistic when the dimension is greater than 3. Therefore, it is important to automate the process of linearisation of the original nonlinear model. Based on the application of computer algebra, a constructive algorithm for the linearisation of a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations was developed. A software was developed on MatLab. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been demonstrated on applied problems: an unmanned aerial vehicle dynamics model and a twolink robot model. The obtained linearized models were then used to test the stability of the original models. In order to account for possible inaccuracies in the measurements of the technical parameters of the model, an interval linearized model is adopted. For such a model, the procedure for constructing the corresponding interval characteristic polynomial and the corresponding Hurwitz matrix is automated. On the basis of the analysis of the properties of the main minors of the Hurwitz matrix, the stability of the studied system was analyzed.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Aigerim Mazakova
3
Sholpan Jomartova
3
Waldemar Wójcik
2
Talgat Mazakov
1
Gulzat Ziyatbekova
1
  1. Institute of Information and Computational Technologies CS MES RK, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Kazakhstan
  2. Lublin Technical University, Poland
  3. Al-Farabi Kazakh NationalUniversity, Kazakhstan
4 Minimization of Energy and Service Latency Computation Offloading using Neural Network in 5G NOMA System
P.G Suprith , Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 661-667 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147685
Słowa kluczowe: Mobile edge computing Deep Q Network Algorithm Latency Optimized Computation Offloading 5G
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Abstrakt

The future Internet of Things (IoT) era is anticipated to support computation-intensive and time-critical applications using edge computing for mobile (MEC), which is regarded as promising technique. However, the transmitting uplink performance will be highly impacted by the hostile wireless channel, the low bandwidth, and the low transmission power of IoT devices. Using edge computing for mobile (MEC) to offload tasks becomes a crucial technology to reduce service latency for computation-intensive applications and reduce the computational workloads of mobile devices. Under the restrictions of computation latency and cloud computing capacity, our goal is to reduce the overall energy consumption of all users, including transmission energy and local computation energy. In this article, the Deep Q Network Algorithm (DQNA) to deal with the data rates with respect to the user base in different time slots of 5G NOMA network. The DQNA is optimized by considering more number of cell structures like 2, 4, 6 and 8. Therefore, the DQNA provides the optimal distribution of power among all 3 users in the 5G network, which gives the increased data rates. The existing various power distribution algorithms like frequent pattern (FP), weighted least squares mean error weighted least squares mean error (WLSME), and Random Power and Maximal Power allocation are used to justify the proposed DQNA technique. The proposed technique which gives 81.6% more the data rates when increased the cell structure to 8. Thus 25% more in comparison to other algorithms like FP, WLSME Random Power and Maximal Power allocation.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

P.G Suprith
1
Mohammed Riyaz Ahmed
2
  1. REVA University, Bangalore, and Karnataka, India
  2. REVA University and HKBK College of Engineering, Bangalore, and Karnataka, India
5 A 30 GHz Slotted Bow-Tie Rectangular Patch Antenna Design for 5G Application
Khazini Mohammed , Damou Mehdi , Souar Zeggai
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 669-673 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147686
Słowa kluczowe: slotted bow-tie patch antenna quarter wave transformer array antenna CST studio ADS 2016
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Abstrakt

This Article presented the study of a single pacth antenna and array patch antenna. We will focus on the design based on a small size at a resonant frequency of 30GHz. using the software CST Microwave Studio (FEM method) and ADS software (Moments method) to find internal parameters (S... parameters, bandwidth ,VSWR) and external characteristics (gain, directivity and radiation pattern, efficiencies) . To increase the total gain of the antenna and to have a wider bandwidth band width and taking advantage of the functionality of the radiation overlap of several elements radiating in the same direction, we suggest the second and most important step to design a most important step to design an antenna array grouping patches identical to our first patch antenna proposed in first patch antenna proposed in the first step
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Khazini Mohammed
1
Damou Mehdi
1
Souar Zeggai
2
  1. Laboratory of Electronics, Signal Processing and Microwave, Faculty of Technology, University of Dr. TaharMoulay of Saida, Algeria
  2. Faculty of Technology, University of Dr. TaharMoulay of Saida, Algeria
6 Transient Processes Associated with Turning an Antenna On and Off
Anna Witenberg
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 675-681 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147687
Słowa kluczowe: effective light meter pulse excitation transient processes in antennas
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Abstrakt

The paper discusses the phenomena accompanying switching the sinusoidal excitation of an antenna on and off when the antenna is excited by a train of sinusoids containing several to several hundred periods. Transient phenomena are presented against the background of the resonant properties of the antenna. The processes of turning the antenna on and off take place under different conditions and therefore are different. When the antenna is switched on, the transient processes are determined by the antenna properties and the excitation properties. When the antenna is switched off, excitation is no longer present, and the properties of the antenna determine the transient process. We define a new measure of time: the effective light meter.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Witenberg
1
  1. Faculty of Telecommunications, Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland
7 Design of 1x5 Planar Array Microstrip Antenna with Edge Weighting to Increase Gain
Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak , Sulistyaningsih , Heryanto , Dian Widi Astuti
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 683-690 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147688
Słowa kluczowe: microstrip antenna edge weighting parasitic patch proximity coupling 5G antenna gain
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Abstrakt

Research on improving the performance of microstrip antennas is continuously developing the following technology; this is due to its light dimensions, cheap and easy fabrication, and performance that is not inferior to other dimension antennas. Especially in telecommunications, microstrip antennas are constantly being studied to increase bandwidth and gain according to current cellular technology. Based on the problem of antenna performance limitations, optimization research is always carried out to increase the gain to become the antenna standard required by 5G applications. This research aims to increase the gain by designing a 5-element microstrip planar array antenna arrangement at a uniform distance (lamda/2) with edge weights at a frequency of 2.6 GHz, Through the 1x5 antenna design with parasitic patch, without parasitic, and using proximity coupling.This study hypothesizes that by designing an N-element microstrip planar array antenna arrangement at uniform spacing (lamda/2) with edge weights, a multi-beam radiation pattern character will be obtained so that to increase gain, parasitic patches contribute to antenna performance. This research contributes to improving the main lobe to increase the gain performance of the 1x5 planar array antenna. Based on the simulation results of a 1x5 microstrip planar array antenna using a parasitic patch and edge weighting, a gain value of 7.34 dB is obtained; without a parasitic patch, a gain value of 7.03 dB is received, using a parasitic patch and proximity coupling, a gain value of 2.29 dB is obtained. The antenna configuration with the addition of a parasitic patch, even though it is only supplied at the end (edge weighting), is enough to contribute to the parameters impedance, return loss, VSWR, and total gain based on the resulting antenna radiation pattern. The performance of the 1x5 microstrip planar array antenna with parasitic patch and double substrate (proximity coupling), which is expected to contribute even more to the gain side and antenna performance, has yet to be achieved. The 1x5 planar array antenna design meets the 5G gain requirement of 6 dB.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak
1
Sulistyaningsih
2
Heryanto
3
Dian Widi Astuti
1
  1. Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
  2. Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia
  3. Institut Teknologi PLN, Indonesia
8 The Role of Faster R-CNN Algorithm in the Internet of Things to Detect Mask Wearing: The Endemic Preparations
Marah Doly Nasution , Al-Khowarizmi , Romi Fadillah Rahmat , Arif Ridho Lubis , Muharman Lubis
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 691-696 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147689
Słowa kluczowe: Faster R-CNN IoT mask Endemic
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Abstrakt

Faster R-CNN is an algorithm development that continuously starts from CNN then R-CNN and Faster R-CNN. The development of the algorithm is needed to test whether the heuristic algorithm has optimal provisions. Broadly speaking, faster R-CNN is included in algorithms that are able to solve neural network and machine learning problems to detect a moving object. One of the moving objects in the current phenomenon is the use of masks. Where various countries in the world have issued endemic orations after the Covid 19 pandemic occurred. Detection tool has been prepared that has been tested at the mandatory mask door, namely for mask users. In this paper, the role of the Faster R-CNN algorithm has been carried out to detect masks poured on Internet of Thinks (IoT) devices to automatically open doors for standard mask users. From the results received that testing on the detection of moving mask objects when used reaches 100% optimal at a distance of 0.5 to 1 meter and 95% at a distance of 1.5 to 2 meters so that the process of sending detection signals to IoT devices can be carried out at a distance of 1 meter at the position mask users to automatic doors.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marah Doly Nasution
1
Al-Khowarizmi
2
Romi Fadillah Rahmat
3
Arif Ridho Lubis
4
Muharman Lubis
5
  1. Department of Mathematics Education,Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  2. Department of Information Technology, UniversitasMuhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  3. Department of Information Technology,Universitas Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
  4. Department of Management Informatics, PoliteknikNegeri Medan, Indonesia
  5. Department of Information Systems, TelkomUniversity, Indonesia
9 Cognitive Modeling and Formation of the Knowledge Base of the Information System for Assessing the Rating of Enterprises
Olena Kryvoruchko , Alona Desiatko , Igor Karpunin , Dmytro Hnatchenko , Myroslav Lakhno , Feruza Malikova , Ayezhan Turdaliev
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 697-705 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147690
Słowa kluczowe: information security audit Bayesian network artificial neural networks
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Abstrakt

A mathematical model is proposed that makes it possible to describe in a conceptual and functional aspect the formation and application of a knowledge base (KB) for an intelligent information system (IIS). This IIS is developed to assess the financial condition (FC) of the company. Moreover, for circumstances related to the identification of individual weakly structured factors (signs). The proposed model makes it possible to increase the understanding of the analyzed economic processes related to the company's financial system. An iterative algorithm for IIS has been developed that implements a model of cognitive modeling. The scientific novelty of the proposed approach lies in the fact that, unlike existing solutions, it is possible to adjust the structure of the algorithm depending on the characteristics of a particular company, as well as form the information basis for the process of assessing the company's FC and the parameters of the cognitive model.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Olena Kryvoruchko
1
Alona Desiatko
1
Igor Karpunin
1
Dmytro Hnatchenko
1
Myroslav Lakhno
2
Feruza Malikova
3
Ayezhan Turdaliev
4
  1. State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. National University of Life and EnvironmentalSciences of Ukraine, Kyiv
  3. Almaty Technological University, Almaty,Kazakhstan
  4. Kazakh University of Railways andTransportation, Almaty, Kazakhstan
10 Hardware-Software Complex for Predicting the Development of an Ecologically Hazardous Emergency Situation on the Railway
Valerii Lakhno , Maira Shalabayeva , Olena Kryvoruchko , Alona Desiatko , Vitalyi Chubaievskyi , Zhibek Alibiyeva
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 707-712 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147691
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Abstrakt

A hardware-software system has been implemented to monitor the environmental state (EnvState) at the site of railway (RY) accidents and disasters. The proposed hardware-software system consists of several main components. The first software component, based on the queueing theory (QT), simulates the workload of emergency response units at the RY accident site. It also interacts with a central data processing server and information collection devices. A transmitter for these devices was built on the ATmega328 microcontroller. The hardware part of the environmental monitoring system at the RY accident site is also based on the ATmega328 microcontroller. In the hardwaresoftware system for monitoring the EnvState at the RY accident site, the data processing server receives information via the MQTT protocol from all devices about the state of each sensor and the device's location at the RY accident or disaster site, accompanied by EnvState contamination. All data is periodically recorded in a database on the server in the appropriate format with timestamps. The obtained information can then be used by specialists from the emergency response headquarters.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Valerii Lakhno
1
Maira Shalabayeva
2
Olena Kryvoruchko
3
Alona Desiatko
3
Vitalyi Chubaievskyi
3
Zhibek Alibiyeva
4
  1. National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  2. Kazakh University Ways of Communications, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  3. State University of Trade and Economics, Kyiv, Ukraine
  4. Department of Software Engineering, SatbayevUniversity, Almaty, Kazakhstan
11 Fuzzy Alliance and Coalitions that Can Be Formed by Alliance Agents
Viktor Mashkov , Andrzej Smolarz , Volodymy Lytvynenko
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 713-718 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147692
Słowa kluczowe: alliance coalition multi-agent systems modeling and simulation
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Abstrakt

The paper deals with alliances and coalitions that can be formed by agents or entities. It is assumed that alliance agents cooperate and form coalitions for performing the tasks or missions. It is considered that alliance agents are unselfish. That is, they are more interested in achieving the common goal(s) than in getting personal benefits. In the paper, the concept of fuzzy alliance was introduced. A fuzzy alliance is considered as generalization of traditional alliance allowing agents to decide on the capabilities that their agents can and wanted deliver to coalition. Coalitions that can be formed by fuzzy alliance agents were considered. The definition of the “best” coalition was explained. The method of how to find the “best” coalition among all possible coalitions was suggested and verified by computer simulation.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Viktor Mashkov
1
Andrzej Smolarz
2
Volodymy Lytvynenko
3
  1. University J. E. Purkyne, Usti nad Labem, CzechRepublic
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
  3. Kherson National Technical University,Kherson, Ukraine
12 ADDP: Anomaly Detection Based on Denoising Pretraining
Xianlei Ge , Xiaoyan Li , Zhipeng Zhang
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 719-726 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147693
Słowa kluczowe: Anomaly Detection Diffusion Models image denoising Pretraining transfer learning
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Abstrakt

Acquiring labels in anomaly detection tasks is expensive and challenging. Therefore, as an effective way to improve efficiency, pretraining is widely used in anomaly detection models， which enriches the model's representation capabilities, thereby enhancing both performance and efficiency in anomaly detection. In most pretraining methods, the decoder is typically randomly initialized. Drawing inspiration from the diffusion model, this paper proposed to use denoising as a task to pretrain the decoder in anomaly detection, which is trained to reconstruct the original noise-free input. Denoising requires the model to learn the structure, patterns, and related features of the data, particularly when training samples are limited. This paper explored two approaches on anomaly detection: simultaneous denoising pretraining for encoder and decoder, denoising pretraining for only decoder. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method on improving model’s performance. Particularly, when the number of samples is limited, the improvement is more pronounced.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xianlei Ge
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaoyan Li
3
ORCID: ORCID
Zhipeng Zhang
1
  1. School of Electronic Engineering, Huainan Normal University, China
  2. College of Computing and Information Technologies, National University, Philippines
  3. School of Computer, Huainan Normal University, China
13 Improving the Efficiency of UAV Communication Channels in the Context of Electronic Warfare
Serhii Semendiai , Yuliіa Tkach , Mykhailo Shelest , Oleksandr Korchenko , Ruslana Ziubina , Olga Veselska
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 727-732 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147694
Słowa kluczowe: cognitive radio software-defined radio neural networks coding electronic warfare communication channel wireless communications spectrum analysis
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Abstrakt

The article is devoted to the development of a method for increasing the efficiency of communication channels of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the conditions of electronic warfare (EW). The author analyses the threats that may be caused by the use of electronic warfare against autonomous UAVs. A review of some technologies that can be used to create original algorithms for countering electronic warfare and increasing the autonomy of UAVs on the battlefield is carried out. The structure of modern digital communication systems is considered. The requirements of unmanned aerial vehicle manufacturers for onboard electronic equipment are analyzed, and the choice of the hardware platform of the target radio system is justified. The main idea and novelty of the proposed method are highlighted. The creation of a model of a cognitive radio channel for UAVs is considered step by step. The main steps of modelling the spectral activity of electronic warfare equipment are proposed. The main criteria for choosing a free spectral range are determined. The type of neural network for use in the target cognitive radio system is substantiated. The idea of applying adaptive coding in UAV communication channels using multicomponent turbo codes in combination with neural networks, which are simultaneously used for cognitive radio, has been further developed.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Serhii Semendiai
1
Yuliіa Tkach
1
Mykhailo Shelest
1
Oleksandr Korchenko
2
Ruslana Ziubina
3
Olga Veselska
3
  1. Chernihiv Polytechnic NationalUniversity, Chernihiv, Ukraine
  2. Department of Information Technology Security of National Aviation University, Kyiv, Ukraine
  3. Department of Computer Science andAutomatics of the University of Bielsko-Biala, Bielsko-Biala, Poland
14 Adaptation of Propagation Models to Improve the Coverage Range Prediction of LoRaWAN Technology at 915 MHz in an Urban Environment
Carlos René Suarez-Suarez , Diego F. Rueda , Luis Carlos Timaná-Eraso , Jose Leon-Leon
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 733-744 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147695
Słowa kluczowe: LoRaWAN propagation models Internet of Things urban coverage fitted models
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Carlos René Suarez-Suarez
1
Diego F. Rueda
1
Luis Carlos Timaná-Eraso
1
Jose Leon-Leon
1
  1. Department of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, Catholic University of Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia
15 Analytical Study of the Distance Change on IEEE 802.11ah Standard using Markov Chain Model
Doan Perdana , Amirah Amaliah Sakhrul , Bayu Erfianto , Abdul Aziz Marwan
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 745-749 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147696
Słowa kluczowe: Enhanced Distributed Channel Access Markov Chain 802.11ah RAW
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Abstrakt

This research proposed a model of Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) scheme which is one of the techniques used in reducing collision and usually prioritized due to its contention window to determine the impact of distance change on the IEEE 802.11 ah standard. The proposed model was analyzed using the Markov Chain approach to determine the effect of distance change on collisions levels while the numerical were simulated using MATLAB. Moreover, the Markov chain solution was used to evaluate parameters such as throughput, energy consumption, and delay. The results showed the increment in RAW slot duration and the distance change for each station can reduce the performance on the standard and the scenario when the RAW slot duration was changed by 50 ms performed better than 100 ms and 250 ms.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Doan Perdana
1
Amirah Amaliah Sakhrul
1
Bayu Erfianto
1
Abdul Aziz Marwan
1
  1. Telkom University, Indonesia
16 Long-term Traffic Forecasting in Optical Networks Using Machine Learning
Krzysztof Walkowiak , Daniel Szostak , Adam Włodarczyk , Andrzej Kasprzak
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 751-762 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147697
Słowa kluczowe: traffic forecasting machine learning classification Regression
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Abstrakt

Knowledge about future traffic in backbone optical networks may greatly improve a range of tasks that Communications Service Providers (CSPs) have to face. This work proposes a procedure for long-term traffic forecasting in optical networks. We formulate a long-terT traffic forecasting problem as an ordinal classification task. Due to the optical networks’ (and other network technologies’) characteristics, traffic forecasting has been realized by predicting future traffic levels rather than the exact traffic volume. We examine different machine learning (ML) algorithms and compare them with time series algorithms methods. To evaluate the developed ML models, we use a quality metric, which considers the network resource usage. Datasets used during research are based on real traffic patterns presented by Internet Exchange Point in Seattle. Our study shows that ML algorithms employed for long-term traffic forecasting problem obtain high values of quality metrics. Additionally, the final choice of the ML algorithm for the forecasting task should depend on CSPs expectations.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Walkowiak
1
Daniel Szostak
1
Adam Włodarczyk
1
Andrzej Kasprzak
1
  1. Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland
17 Simulation and Performance Analysis of Network Backup Systems Using Hot Standby Router Protocol (HSRP) Method on Real-Time Networks
Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak , Junas Haidi , Heryanto , Lukman Medriavin Silalahi
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 763-768 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147698
Słowa kluczowe: control and monitoring earthquake early warning
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Abstrakt

The phenomenon that occurs today is an increase in the use of electrical energy consumption every year and especially in Public Street Lighting (PSL) lamps. It can be noticed that almost every road is public, and the expressway has PSL lights. PSL lamps are installed on each median, left or right of the road with a distance between ± lights of 30meters. The object of research on this foreign cooperation is located in the PIK2 project located in the Dadap area, Indonesia. The PSL lamp installation location has a road length of ±1.8Km. PSL lamps used have a power of 250watts. While the specific purpose of this study is to design and analyze measurements of power, voltage and current in PSL lamps and also to control and monitor the condition of PSL lamps through the Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) by applying a star topology for the efficiency of electrical energy consumption in PSL lamps, using microcontrollers, sensors, and LoRa. This research is expected to produce a best practice model for the application of WSN in the PSL system in Indonesia and become a recommendation for companies in improving WSN technology and global competitiveness. The proposed research methods are quantitative and objective, so this study is applied to acquire and distribute data at PSL light points. The data on the sensor will be sent through the end node which is then sent to the coordinator node or gateway. The sensor data on this tool can be displayed by accessing the ubidots.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Imelda Uli Vistalina Simanjuntak
1
Junas Haidi
2
Heryanto
3
Lukman Medriavin Silalahi
1
  1. Universitas Mercu Buana, Indonesia
  2. Universitas Bengkulu, Indonesia
  3. Institut Teknologi PLN, Indonesia
18 Performance Improvements in SNR of a Multipath Channel Using OFDM-MIMO
Sharmini Enoch , Ifiok Otung
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 769-773 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147700
Słowa kluczowe: WiMAX fade mitigation OFDM MIMO cyclic prefix guard time
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Abstrakt

The Non Line of Sight (NLOS) broadband wireless access provided by Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) operating in 2-11 GHz frequency is susceptible to the effects of multipath propagation, diffraction fading, vegetation attenuation, shadowing loss etc. In order to overcome these effects effective fade mitigation techniques, have to be implemented. The Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing- Multiple Input Multiple Output (OFDM-MIMO) is an efficient method that helps in combatting the fading and providing higher SNR to the WiMAX system. According to the IEEE 802.16 specification, for QPSK modulation, a threshold SNR of 6 dB is required for the link to operate. In the present work the use of OFDM-MIMO achieves a SNR above this operating threshold.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sharmini Enoch
1
Ifiok Otung
2
  1. Department of Electronics and Communications,Noorul Islam University, India
  2. Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, Department of Biomedical and Electronics Engineering University of Bradford, United Kingdom
19 QIBMRMN: Design of a Q-Learning based Iterative sleep-scheduling & hybrid Bioinspired Multipath Routing model for Multimedia Networks
Minaxi Doorwar , P Malathi
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 775-784 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147701
Słowa kluczowe: multimedia network Q-learning GWO GA Adhoc QoS iterative process
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Abstrakt

Multimedia networks utilize low-power scalar nodes to modify wakeup cycles of high-performance multimedia nodes, which assists in optimizing the power-toperformance ratios. A wide variety of machine learning models are proposed by researchers to perform this task, and most of them are either highly complex, or showcase low-levels of efficiency when applied to large-scale networks. To overcome these issues, this text proposes design of a Q-learning based iterative sleep-scheduling and fuses these schedules with an efficient hybrid bioinspired multipath routing model for largescale multimedia network sets. The proposed model initially uses an iterative Q-Learning technique that analyzes energy consumption patterns of nodes, and incrementally modifies their sleep schedules. These sleep schedules are used by scalar nodes to efficiently wakeup multimedia nodes during adhoc communication requests. These communication requests are processed by a combination of Grey Wolf Optimizer (GWO) & Genetic Algorithm (GA) models, which assist in the identification of optimal paths. These paths are estimated via combined analysis of temporal throughput & packet delivery performance, with node-to-node distance & residual energy metrics. The GWO Model uses instantaneous node & network parameters, while the GA Model analyzes temporal metrics in order to identify optimal routing paths. Both these path sets are fused together via the Q-Learning mechanism, which assists in Iterative Adhoc Path Correction (IAPC), thereby improving the energy efficiency, while reducing communication delay via multipath analysis. Due to a fusion of these models, the proposed Q-Learning based Iterative sleep-scheduling & hybrid Bioinspired Multipath Routing model for Multimedia Networks (QIBMRMN) is able to reduce communication delay by 2.6%, reduce energy consumed during these communications by 14.0%, while improving throughput by 19.6% & packet delivery performance by 8.3% when compared with standard multimedia routing techniques.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Minaxi Doorwar
1
P Malathi
1
  1. SPPU, E&TC Department, India
20 Subcarrier Filtering For Spectrally Efficient Multicarrier Modulation Schemes and Its Impact on PAPR: A Unified Approach
Kiran V. Shanbhag , Dayakshini Sathish
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 785-791 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147702
Słowa kluczowe: OFDMA PAPR subcarrier filtering MCM scheme spectral efficiency prototype filter
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Abstrakt

Multicarrier modulation (MCM) based schemes have been a major contributing factor in revolutionizing cellular networks due to their ability to overcome fading. One of the popular scheme orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), having been part of 4G, is also adapted as part of 5G enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB). Though it has several advantages, spectral efficiency (SE) and peak to average power ratio (PAPR) have been two major concerns which have attracted lot of attention resulting in proposals of several other MCM schemes. But most of these studies have treated the two issues independently. This paper in particular studies the subcarrier filtering approach to improve the spectral efficiency of MCM scheme and its impact on the overall PAPR of such schemes. The analysis shows that the PAPR improvement is also achieved by such filters meant for spectral confinement and the simulation results validate the same provoking.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kiran V. Shanbhag
1
Dayakshini Sathish
2
  1. Dept. of ECE, Anjuman Institute of Technology and Management, Bhatkal and Visvesvaraya Technological University, India
  2. Dept. of ECE, St Joseph Engineering Collegee, Mangaluru and Visvesvaraya Technological University, India
21 K-Means and Fuzzy based Hybrid Clustering Algorithm for WSN
Basavaraj M. Angadi , Mahabaleshwar S. Kakkasageri
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 793-801 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147703
Słowa kluczowe: wireless sensor networks cluster K-Means algorithm fuzzy logic
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Abstrakt

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) acquired a lot of attention due to their widespread use in monitoring hostile environments, critical surveillance and security applications. In these applications, usage of wireless terminals also has grown significantly. Grouping of Sensor Nodes (SN) is called clustering and these sensor nodes are burdened by the exchange of messages caused due to successive and recurring re-clustering, which results in power loss. Since most of the SNs are fitted with nonrechargeable batteries, currently researchers have been concentrating their efforts on enhancing the longevity of these nodes. For battery constrained WSN concerns, the clustering mechanism has emerged as a desirable subject since it is predominantly good at conserving the resources especially energy for network activities. This proposed work addresses the problem of load balancing and Cluster Head (CH) selection in cluster with minimum energy expenditure. So here, we propose hybrid method in which cluster formation is done using unsupervised machine learning based kmeans algorithm and Fuzzy-logic approach for CH selection.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Basavaraj M. Angadi
1
Mahabaleshwar S. Kakkasageri
1
  1. Faculty of Electronics and Communication Engineering Department,Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkote, Karnataka, INDIA
22 RSA Keys Quality in a Real-world Organizational Certificate Dataset: a Practical Outlook
Konrad Kamiński , Wojciech Mazurczyk
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 803-810 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147704
Słowa kluczowe: Certificates X.509 RSA keys PKI vulnerabilities RSA factorization
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Abstrakt

This research investigates the intricacies of X.509 certificates within a comprehensive corporate infrastructure. Spanning over two decades, the examined enterprise has heavily depended on its internal certificate authority and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to uphold its data and systems security. With the broad application of these certificates, from personal identification on smart cards to device and workstation authentication via Trusted Platform Modules (TPM), our study seeks to address a pertinent question on how prevalent are weak RSA keys within such a vast internal certificate repository. Previous research focused primarily on key sets publicly accessible from TLS and SSH servers or PGP key repositories. On the contrary, our investigation provides insights into the private domain of an enterprise, introducing new dimensions to this problem. Among our considerations are the trustworthiness of hardware and software solutions in generating keys and the consequential implications of identified vulnerabilities on organizational risk management. The obtained results can contribute to enhancing security strategies in enterprises.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Konrad Kamiński
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Mazurczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
  2. SecurityTechnology Development and Transformation Division, Orange Polska S.A.,Warsaw, Poland
23 Efficient FPGA Implementation of Recursive Least Square Adaptive Filter Using Non- Restoring Division Algorithm
Harith H. Thannoon , Ivan A. Hashim
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 811-817 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147705
Słowa kluczowe: Adaptive filter RLS AP CORDIC non-restoring
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Abstrakt

In this paper, Recursive Least Square (RLS) and Affine Projection (AP) adaptive filters are designed using Xilinx System Generator and implemented on the Spartan6 xc6slx16- 2csg324 FPGA platform. FPGA platform utilizes the non-restoring division algorithm and the COordinate Rotation DIgital Computer (CORDIC) division algorithm to perform the division task of the RLS and AP adaptive filters. The Non-restoring division algorithm demonstrates efficient performance in terms of convergence speed and signal-to-noise ratio. In contrast, the CORDIC division algorithm requires 31 cycles for division initialization, whereas the non-restoring algorithm initializes division in just one cycle. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed filters, a set of ten ECG records from the BIT-MIT database is used to test their ability to remove Power Line Interference (PLI) noise from the ECG signal. The proposed adaptive filters are compared with various adaptive algorithms in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), convergence speed, residual noise, steady-state Mean Square Error (MSE), and complexity.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Harith H. Thannoon
1
Ivan A. Hashim
1
  1. University ofTechnology, Iraq
24 Development Of A Monitoring System For Electric Power Substations Based On Ios And Implementation Of Designs On FPGA
Maksat Kalimoldayev , Waldemar Wójcik , Zhazira Shermantayeva
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 819-824 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147708
Słowa kluczowe: IoT Internet of Things FPGA GPS NAS
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Abstrakt

In this article, a monitoring system based on IoT technologies of the substation electrical system in the Republic of Kazakhstan was developed. At the moment, the operation of power systems is extremely important to maintain the frequency of electric current over time. For management and monitoring applications, it is necessary to take into account communication within acceptable limits. IoT technologies are considered the main functions in applications for monitoring and managing energy systems in real time, as well as making effective decisions on both technical and financial issues of the system, for monitoring the main form of data registration on an electric power substation in the city of Shymkent of the Republic of Kazakhstan, for consistent effective decision-making by system operators. In this work, an Internet of Things-based monitoring system was implemented and implemented for the substation of the power system using a specialized device built into the FPGA controller for fast integrated digitalization of transformer substations of real-time distribution electrical networks. The IoT platform also provides complete remote observability and will increase reliability for power system operators in real time. This article is mainly aimed at providing a practical application that has been implemented and tested.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maksat Kalimoldayev
1
Waldemar Wójcik
2
Zhazira Shermantayeva
1
  1. Institute ofInformation and Computing Technologies of the KN of the Ministry ofInternal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Lublin, Poland
25 Optimization of Animal Detection in Thermal Images Using YOLO Architecture
Łukasz Popek , Rafał Perz , Grzegorz Galiński , Artur Abratański
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 825-831 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147707
Słowa kluczowe: artificial neural networks YOLOv5 transfer learning genetic algorithms thermal imaging
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Abstrakt

The article presents research on animal detection in thermal images using the YOLOv5 architecture. The goal of the study was to obtain a model with high performance in detecting animals in this type of images, and to see how changes in hyperparameters affect learning curves and final results. This manifested itself in testing different values of learning rate, momentum and optimizer types in relation to the model’s learning performance. Two methods of tuning hyperparameters were used in the study: grid search and evolutionary algorithms. The model was trained and tested on an in-house dataset containing images with deer and wild boars. After the experiments, the trained architecture achieved the highest score for Mean Average Precision (mAP) of 83%. These results are promising and indicate that the YOLO model can be used for automatic animal detection in various applications, such as wildlife monitoring, environmental protection or security systems.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Popek
1 3
Rafał Perz
2 3
Grzegorz Galiński
1
Artur Abratański
2 3
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology
  2. Warsaw University of Technology,Faculty of Power and Aeronautical Engineering
  3. Sieć badawcza Rafał Perz, Poland
26 Comparison of Wireless Data Transmission Protocols for Residential Water Meter Applications
Łukasz Krzak , Jan Macheta , Mateusz Kubaszek , Cezary Worek
International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 4 | 833-842 | DOI: 10.24425/ijet.2023.147709
Słowa kluczowe: Water meter protocols Wireless M-Bus Lo-RaWAN Sigfox NB-IoT energy consumption maximum coupling loss
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Abstrakt

This article provides a comparison of various wireless data transmission protocols, such as Wireless M-Bus, Lo- RaWAN, Sigfox, NB-IoT and a newly developed proprietary protocol, studying their performance in the application of batterypowered residential water meters. Key aspects of the comparison include energy consumption, which is analyzed through comparing unitary amount of charge required to conduct a single, bidirectional data transaction between the meter and base station, and maximum coupling loss which effectively defines the range and coverage in the system. For completeness, the study includes also a brief cost analysis and ends with a conclusion, stating when each of the particular standards should be favored.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Krzak
1
Jan Macheta
1
Mateusz Kubaszek
1
Cezary Worek
1
  1. Institute of Electronics, Faculty of Computer Science, Electronics and Telecommunications, AGH University of Krakow, Krakow, Poland

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