Humanities and Social Sciences

Nauka

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Nauka | 2023 | No 1

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Abstract

Lifetime biographical and publication histories of 2,326 full professors were examined. A combination of administrative, biographical, and bibliometric data was used. Retrospectively constructed productivity, promotion age and speed classes were examined. About 50% of current top productive professors have been top productive throughout their academic careers, over 30–40 years. Topto- bottom and bottom-to-top transitions in productivity classes over academic careers are very rare. We used prestige-normalized productivity in which more weight is given to articles in high-impact than in low-impact journals, recognizing the highly stratified nature of academic science. The combination of biographical and demographic data with raw Scopus publication data from the past 50 years (N = 935,167 articles) made it possible to assign all full professors retrospectively to different productivity, promotion age, and promotion speed classes. In logistic regression models, there were two powerful predictors of belonging to the Top productivity class for full professors: being highly productive as associate professor and as assistant professor (increasing the odds by 180% and 360%). Neither gender nor age (biological or academic) emerged as statistically significant. Our findings have important implications for hiring policies as scientists stay in Polish academia usually for several decades.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kwiek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Roszka
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute for Advanced Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities (IAS) UAM w Poznaniu
  2. Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu, Centrum Studiów nad Polityką Publiczną UAM
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Abstract

Life on Earth is a process carried out by billions of organisms belonging to a huge number of species. From the beginning of life to the present day, the number of species steadily increases, but the process is interrupted by deep crises (“Great Extinctions”) as the number of species rapidly declines. However, after a relatively short period of time – millions of years – the number of species returns to their previous heights and continues to rise until the next catastrophe. When the species Homo sapiens appeared on Earth, it found the greatest biotic diversity in the history of the Earth, but in a very short time – after its rapid population growth – the diversity began to decline again. Are we witnessing the beginning of another great extinction? If so, what would be the consequences for those species that survive? Is Homo sapiens also endangered? And life on Earth? Questions easy to ask, but difficult to answer.
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Authors and Affiliations

January Weiner
1

  1. Instytut Nauk o Środowisku, Uniwersytet Jagielloński, professor emeritus
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Abstract

The third decade of the 21st century clearly reminded us of the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of the environment in which economies, organizations and individuals operate, bringing at least two serious economic crises. On the one hand, the COVID-19 pandemic brought an unprecedented shock of both demand and supply nature, thus materializing the risks associated with the system of international economic connections constructed over many decades. On the other hand, we are facing a global economic crisis caused by Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine. The aim of the article is to capture the impact of the above-mentioned phenomena on the economic situation in Poland from the internal and international perspective, with the global perspective also taken into account. As part of the internal perspective, the focus was on inflationary processes in the short and long term, taking into account their course and possible countermeasures. As part of the international perspective, attention was drawn to one of the most frequently discussed issues, which is making forecasts and assessments regarding the effectiveness and efficiency of sanctions imposed on Russia and Belarus. The second problem within this perspective, which affects both many European economies and developed economies around the world in a tanginble way, is Europe's dependence on Russia for access to energy resources and on China for production capacity. The third issue from the international perspective are the problems related to the reconstruction of the Ukrainian economy after the war and the development prospects of this economy, paying particular attention to the role that Polish enterprises can play in these processes. Finally, within the global perspective, attention was paid to two issues, namely the so-called economy of moderation and the future of globalization. It was assumed that moderation can be considered a synonym of global rationality and a guarantee of the long-term survival of civilization, and therefore also a special case of the so-called common good. With regard to globalization, understood as an advanced form of internationalization, the focus was on the opportunities and threats for the region of Central and Eastern Europe resulting from significant changes in international value chains in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marian Gorynia
1
Piotr Trąpczyński
1

  1. Instytut Gospodarki Międzynarodowej, Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu
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Abstract

These remarks are to be considered as a voice in the discussion not only on the historical role of the Catholic Church in culture but also on mistakes committed by its Magisterium of the Catholic Church such as absolutism, globalism, and intolerance. Certainly it can be called otherwise. The key issue is however at how we call it but if we consider it as major mistakes and if yes if we seek for such an explanation that will actually is an excuse. This is the case in the example of often recalled in these remarks “The history of the Catholic Church” by Marian Banaszak. I do represent another view than this author. Also not just than Banaszak himself but other authors as well who blame for the failures of Catholicism (including the decline of its decisive social role) all those but not the ones who make the key decisions within the Church.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Instytut Kulturoznawstwa, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Poznań
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Abstract

Profiles of the three Polish humanists as remembered by prof. Michał Głowiński.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Głowiński
1 2

  1. członek rzeczywisty PAN
  2. Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

The iconic discovery in 1912 of X-ray diffraction by crystals has revolutionized physics, chemistry, biology, and ultimately also life sciences, by providing a powerful method for structural characterization of drugs and drug targets used in molecular medicine. The first X-ray diffraction was recorded by an assistant (Walter Friedrich) and PhD student (Paul Knipping) under the instruction of a theoretician Max (later von) Laue, who two years later was the sole recipient of a Nobel Prize (with the award ceremony in 1920) awarded for this discovery. The experimental setup, now on display in Deutsches Museum München, is labeled “the original Laue apparatus”, which is doubly incorrect: Laue himself never experimented with it, and it has a number of reconstructed parts due to loss, or even theft in the Museum itself. Also, the “first X-ray diffraction photograph” is enshrouded in a mist of ambiguity. Laue’s Nobel medal was deliberately dissolved in aqua regia to evade identification and confiscation by the Nazis. A replica was minted but it has been lost without a trace. The distorted (embellished) account of this fundamental discovery makes one wonder: is it acceptable to repeat narrations about scientific achievements with some departure from the historical truth? We answer “reluctantly yes”, with the caveat that all possible effort should be expended to rectify the picture. And this article is trying to achieve exactly this, with respect to one discovery in physics.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kamil F. Dziubek
1
Mariusz Jaskólski
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Andrzej B. Więckowski
4 5

  1. Europejskie Laboratorium Spektroskopii Nieliniowej LENS, Sesto Fiorentino (Florencja), Włochy
  2. Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej PAN
  3. Wydział Chemii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  4. Wydział Fizyki i Astronomii, Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, Zielona Góra
  5. Instytut Fizyki Molekularnej PAN, Poznań
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Abstract

It is often said that biotechnology is “as old as the world”. However, only now modern biotechnologies based on genetic engineering provide innovative solutions underpinning the development and transformation of the modern economy, thereby creating real opportunities to guarantee the supply of food, medicines and energy for the world's ever-growing population (in November 2022, the world's population will exceed 8 billion). The development of innovative technologies is often conditional on public acceptance and, as a consequence depends on public opinion, coherent legislation and a profound transformation from an oilbased economy to a circular and sustainable bioeconomy. Poland, as part of the European Union, belongs to the group of countries where such modern concepts are developing.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Twardowski
1
Alfredo Aguilar
2

  1. Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
  2. Task Group Bioeconomy, European Federation of Biotechnology, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract

The article underlines the importance of the substantive debate for a stable and sustainable social development and presents key Polish problems which require such a debate.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kleiber
1 2

  1. członek rzeczywisty PAN
  2. Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN
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Abstract

This article discusses activities of the Main Council of Science and Higher Education in 2022.
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Authors and Affiliations

Grażyna Borkowska
1
Stanisław Kistryn
2
Marcin Pałys
3

  1. Instytut Badań Literackich PAN
  2. Uniwersytet Jagielloński
  3. Uniwersytet Warszawski
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Abstract

In 2021 Commission for Research Integrity continued her basic mission related to ethical oversight of research carried out at universities and scientific institutions. Commission has been dealing with specific cases suggesting scientific misconduct. Furthermore, Commission has been engaged in promotion of the rules of research integrity (seminars, lectures). Moreover, Commission has been formulating its opinions regarding key matters related to integrity in science. Recently, Commission addressed the issue of promotion to the level of full professor even by candidates who have committed scientific misconduct in publications not included in the formal proceedings leading to professorship. Commission believes that this situation is deplorable and requires immediate correction. Commission has been created by democratic decisions of the entire scientific and academic community and is autonomous in its decisions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Górski
1 2
Mieczysław Grabianowski
3

  1. członek rzeczywisty PAN
  2. przewodniczący Komisji do Spraw Etyki w Nauce
  3. dyrektor Gabinetu Prezesa PAN
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Abstract

Professor Leszek Kuźnicki, an outstanding protozoologist, the President of the Polish Academy of Sciences in the years 1993–1998, died in Warsaw on February 3, 2023 at the age of 94. Throughout his professional life, he was associated with the Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology. Moreover, he chaired the Cytobiology Committee as well as the Evolutionary and Theoretical Biology Committee of Polish Academy of Sciences. He played a significant role in creating the modern scientific infrastructure in Poland. Throughout the years of his activity, he strongly advocated the idea of maintaining high standards of excellence in research work. He used to say that education should be available to everyone without exception, while scientific work is only intended for the most motivated and the best. It is with deep regret that we say goodbye to a man dedicated entirely to science and the Polish Academy of Sciences.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej B. Legocki
1 2
Hanna Fabczak
3
Agnieszka Dobrzyń
4 3

  1. członek rzeczywisty PAN
  2. Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej PAN, Poznań
  3. Instytut Biologii Doświadczalnej im. Marcelego Nenckiego PAN, Warszawa
  4. członek korespondent PAN
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Abstract

The paper is dedicated to the memory of Professor Jerzy Wilkin, who passed away in Warsaw 10th of January 2023. Professor Jerzy Wilkin was an outstanding economist, scholar, full member of the Polish Academy of Sciences, and a professor at the Institute of Rural Development and Agricultural the Polish Academy of Sciences. The paper presents the facts of the life and scientific road of Professor Jerzy Wilkin.
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Authors and Affiliations

Monika Stanny
1

  1. Instytut Rozwoju Wsi i Rolnictwa PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

This short note presents the life and scholarly accomplishments of Professor Stanisław Gajda (1945–2022), a renowned linguist, stylistician, the founder of a school of stylistic thought, as well as the scholarly journal “Stylistyka”, and an influential figure behind the National Corpus of the Polish Language.
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Authors and Affiliations

Maciej Eder
1 2

  1. Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  2. przewodniczący Komitetu Językoznawstwa PAN

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Wraz z plikiem zawierającym artykuł i plikami z ilustracjami należy przesłać:

a) pismo, w którym pierwszy autor zwraca się do redakcji o wydrukowanie pracy w czasopiśmie (formalne zgłoszenie materiału do publikacji w kwartalniku NAUKA), podaje swój adres, afiliacje, adres e-mailowy oraz podpis wraz z podaniem tytułu naukowego;

b) pisemne oświadczenie, że praca nie była dotąd ogłoszona drukiem i nie została złożona w innej redakcji. W przypadku wykorzystywania rycin (lub innych elementów) uprzednio publikowanych lub pochodzących od innych autorów należy dołączyć pisemną zgodę autorów i wydawnictwa na ich wykorzystanie;

Literatura przedmiotu powinna być umieszczona na końcu pracy w układzie sekwencyjnym (odwołanie w tekście, np. [1]) lub alfabetycznym typu „autor-rok” (odwołanie w tekście, np. (Ziman J., 1978)).

Artykuł:

Watson J.D., Crick F.H.C., Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 1953, nr 171,

s. 737–738.

Książka:

Ziman J., Reliable knowledge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1978, s. 124–157.

Rozdział w książce:

Klemensiewicz Z., Przekład jako zagadnienie językoznawstwa, [w:] O sztuce tłumaczenia, pod redakcją M. Rusinka, Wrocław 1955, Zakład im. Ossolińskich, s. 85–97.

Tytuły artykułów w literaturze przedmiotu powinny być podane w oryginalnym brzmieniu, a skróty tytułów czasopism według Web of Science: Standard journal abbreviations oraz wykazów narodowych i branżowych. Spis piśmiennictwa nie powinien zawierać niepublikowanych danych, informacji prywatnych lub prac w przygotowaniu. Odwoływanie się do takich źródeł może występować jedynie w tekście.

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