Humanities and Social Sciences

Nauka

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Nauka | 2025 | No 3

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Abstract

The discussion on controversial publishing practices warms the minds of not only Polish scientists. This can be seen in numerous scientific journals, traditional print media (both weekly and daily), and across social media platforms. What matters more in science is not so much the discovery and its scientific importance, but the number of publications per year per scientist, per chair, per university. These numbers then translate into the size of the financial subsidy. Reaching the highest possible position in the national or international ranking becomes the goal of scientific institutions. In this paper, we present the challenges faced by modern science—particularly those related to the widespread practice of evaluating research based on publication and citation counts. The article also presents proposed actions that the scientific community can take to halt and reverse the negative trends in the circulation of scientific information.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Liebert
1
Romuald Zabielski
2
Michał Mrozowski
3

  1. Instytut Biocybernetyki i Inżynierii Biomedycznej im. M. Nałęcza PAN
  2. Centrum Medycyny Translacyjnej SGGW w Warszawie
  3. Wydział Elektroniki, Telekomunikacji i Informatyki Politechniki Gdańskiej
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Abstract

In our study, we approach scientific productivity in a longitudinal perspective, tracking the careers of scientists over time (for up to 40 years). First, we classify scientists into decile-based classes of publication productivity – from the lowest 10% to the highest 10%. We then analyze mobility patterns between these classes at two stages of academic career: before and after habilitation degree (i.e., with only a PhD and with only habilitation degree). Our results confirm that radical changes in the level of publication productivity (both increases and decreases) do not occur in the Polish science system, similarly to other highly developed countries. Researchers with a very weak publication record to date have little chance of achieving very high productivity in the future, regardless of their field of science (within STEMM fields: science, technology, engineering, mathematics and medicine). Our research indicates a long-term nature of academic careers: publication productivity at the pre-habilitation stage strongly influences productivity in the more independent period of academic work at the post-habilitation stage. We use microdata on academic careers (from the OPI PIB database) and metadata on publications (from the raw Scopus database). Polish scientists with habilitation degree often remain in their assigned productivity classes for many years: researchers with very high publication productivity maintain their status, as do researchers with very low productivity. The results of logistic regression analysis strongly support our two-dimensional findings. The study covers all Polish scientists with habilitation degree visible on the international stage through scientific articles indexed in the Scopus database in five STEMM fields (N = 4165; Nart = 71,841 articles).
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Kwiek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech Roszka
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
  2. Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny w Poznaniu,Centrum Studiów nad Polityką Publiczną UAM w Poznaniu
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Abstract

The article argues that there is a universal, earlier, neurobiologically determined core representing the wisdom of existence as an attribute of life, its subjectivity, autonomy, and subjectivity. For pre-human beings, the basis of their wisdom is various forms of ratiomorphism that determine the scanning of the environment and adaptation to its changes. Later, the emergence of autonomy and developed language changes the forms of wisdom. Wisdom appears as a state of mind and the associated metacognition, reflective thinking, and autonomy of cognition. In a general sense, the basis of the wisdom of living organisms is determined by the synchronization of ratiomorphic mechanisms directed toward variable adaptive goals. This synchronization determines the core of wisdom defined by Walter Cannon as the wisdom of the body. This core was shaped in the course of the evolution of a monohierarchical memory system, from primitive procedural memory, through semantic memory, to autonoetic memory. Is there a clear boundary separating human wisdom from various forms of wisdom in living beings? If we consider procedural memory to be the basis, then such a boundary cannot be drawn. Procedural memory determines the results of unconscious intuitive processing and the associated structures of implicit experience. Procedural memory, equivalent to the mechanisms of intuition, constitutes the primary core of wisdom. Later, when autobiographical (episodic) memory emerges and takes shape, wisdom becomes its inherent internal component as an experience of one's own existence, temporal orientation, and journey through time. Autonoeticity emerges as an experience of the rationality of one's own existence. In a structural sense, the core of wisdom integrates globally oriented intuitive experience with the results of metacognition and experienced autonoeticity. In a functional sense, the basis of wisdom is constituted by mechanisms of cognitive equivalence change through complementary forms of abstract and metaphorical thinking.
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Authors and Affiliations

Czesław S. Nosal
1

  1. Wydział Psychologii we Wrocławiu, Zakład Metateoretycznych Zagadnień w Psychologii
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Abstract

Dealing with the problems of boundaries in academic life of freedom of speech, funding of research conducted by scholars, and tolerance of such behaviour that hinders this life can be considered the most significant indicators of the condition of learning and teaching in higher education. They have appeared practically since the first universities were established in both Western countries and Poland. The fact that these countries were able to cope with them somehow is evidenced by the fact that their universities today occupy leading positions in prestigious rankings and their scholars have ground-breaking discoveries to their credit. Polish universities either take distant places in these rankings or do not appear in them at all. I treat these reflections as a voice in the discussion on the reasons for Poland's failure to keep up with the world's leaders.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. emerytowany profesor Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza
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Abstract

The article presents the biography of Marian Falski (1881–1974), a prominent Polish pedagogue and educational activist who was involved in the organization of schools and was a pioneer in the field of statistical educational research. His most famous work was "Elementarz", which is considered the most popular and best-known Polish school textbook. The book was based on the so-called whole word and analytical method and referred to the psychological laws of perception resulting from the theory of Gestalt psychology. The first edition of this book was published in 1910, and subsequent versions were used until the end of the 20th century. Several generations of Poles learned to read and write with this book.
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Authors and Affiliations

Cezary W. Domański
1

  1. Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej w Lublinie
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Abstract

Artificial intelligence can provide us with virtual immortality, but also raises related huge controversy. Automatically generated on the basis of available written and visual statements and images of people who have long been dead are becoming more common, and recently published expert research suggests that in the near future the number of dead but digitally revived people may surpass the number of living ones. Regardless of the already confirmed satisfaction of contact with a deceased person on the part of, for example, their family and loved ones, the possibilities of biased manipulations that can completely distort reality are unlimited. The problem of virtual immortality becomes a huge challenge for regulators of the digital world.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kleiber
1

  1. Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN, Warszawa

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Wraz z plikiem zawierającym artykuł i plikami z ilustracjami należy przesłać:

a) pismo, w którym pierwszy autor zwraca się do redakcji o wydrukowanie pracy w czasopiśmie (formalne zgłoszenie materiału do publikacji w kwartalniku NAUKA), podaje swój adres, afiliacje, adres e-mailowy oraz podpis wraz z podaniem tytułu naukowego;

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Literatura przedmiotu powinna być umieszczona na końcu pracy w układzie sekwencyjnym (odwołanie w tekście, np. [1]) lub alfabetycznym typu „autor-rok” (odwołanie w tekście, np. (Ziman J., 1978)).

Artykuł:

Watson J.D., Crick F.H.C., Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 1953, nr 171,

s. 737–738.

Książka:

Ziman J., Reliable knowledge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1978, s. 124–157.

Rozdział w książce:

Klemensiewicz Z., Przekład jako zagadnienie językoznawstwa, [w:] O sztuce tłumaczenia, pod redakcją M. Rusinka, Wrocław 1955, Zakład im. Ossolińskich, s. 85–97.

Tytuły artykułów w literaturze przedmiotu powinny być podane w oryginalnym brzmieniu, a skróty tytułów czasopism według Web of Science: Standard journal abbreviations oraz wykazów narodowych i branżowych. Spis piśmiennictwa nie powinien zawierać niepublikowanych danych, informacji prywatnych lub prac w przygotowaniu. Odwoływanie się do takich źródeł może występować jedynie w tekście.

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