Humanities and Social Sciences

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Content

Polish Psychological Bulletin | 2022 | vol. 53 | No 3

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Introduction - The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is a major health crisis modern world has to counter. Due to the highly contagious nature of this virus and the rapid growth of infections in many countries specific medical recommendations have been formed to reduce spread of the virus. Aim of the study is determine the psychosocial factors related to obeying medical recommendations against SARS-CoV-2 pandemic during the stage of increasing government’s restrictions and limitations.
Method – The study included 319 participants (261 women and 58 men) aged 18-66 yrs (M=25). The study was carried out via the Internet from 21st March, 2020 to 27th March, 2020. The sample group included participants chosen using “snowball” effect.
Results - It has been shown that the higher anxiety of falling ill, the higher tendency to obey health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 (r = .13, p < .001). In order to explain what factors undertaking health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 depends on, structural equation modeling was applied including HMB model variables. It has been shown that the benefits and barriers have a significant impact on compliance with health behavior towards SARS-CoV-2 (ß = 0.45, p <0.001).
Conclusions – At the beginning of a pandemic, while increasing restrictions perceived barriers and perceived benefits of obeying health recommendations are significant for explaining health behaviors towards SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Perceived risk is less important. Higher intensity of health anxiety, understood as a fear of infection (likelihood of illness) is related to obeying the health behaviors towards SARS-Cov-2.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jarosław Ocalewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Juszczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patrycja Michalska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Michalak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Kajetan Izdebski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Jankowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Krzysztof Buczkowski
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Health Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
  2. Chair of Surgical Oncology Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz and Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń
  3. Department of Family Medicine Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz and Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

We conducted pre-registered replications of 15 effects in the field of judgment and decision making (JDM). We aimed to test the generalizability of different classical and modern JDM effects, including, among others: less-is- better, anchoring, and framing to different languages, cultures, or current situations (COVID-19 pandemic). Replicated studies were selected and conducted by undergraduate psychology students enrolled in a decision-making course. Two hundred and two adult volunteers completed an online battery of replicated studies. With a classical significance criterion (p < .05), seven effects were successfully replicated (47%), five partially replicated (33%), and three did not replicate (20%). Even though research materials differed from the originals in several ways, the replication rate in our project is slightly above earlier reported findings in similar replication projects. We discuss factors that may underlie replication results (success vs. failure). We also stress the role of open science practices such as open data, open research materials, pre-registration, and registered reports in improving the replicability of results in the JDM field.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Agata Sobkow
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Surowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Angelika Olszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nina Antoniewska
1
Katarzyna Barcik
1
Urszula Bartkiewicz
1
Agnieszka Brzeska
1
Adrianna Brzozowska
1
Oliwia Budrewicz
1
Jakub Choja
1
Kamila Choma
1
Patrycja Chorbotowicz
1
Michalina Filimoniak
1
Łukasz Filip
1
Paweł Gambuś
1
Weronika Gierlik
1
Tomasz Gonczar
1
Katarzyna Goryczka
1
Maksymilian Góra
1
Marta Haczek
1
Weronika Hetmańczuk
1
Zuzanna Holka
1
Aneta Janosz
1
Nikola Kikowska
1
Joanna Kołcun
1
Zuzanna Kozłowska
1
Monika Kujawińska
1
Marcin Kuleszczyk
1
Aleksandra Lach-Galińska
1
Katarzyna Latacz
1
Adam Ławniczak
1
Katarzyna Majewska
1
Klaudia Makowska
1
Marta Mamzer
1
Iga Marciniszyn
1
Adam Masternak
1
Magdalena Matuszek
1
Jonasz Mehr
1
Ewelina Miela
1
Monika Mleczko
1
Paulina Morga
1
Magdalena Niemczyk
1
Damian Ostrowski
1
Jagoda Pełdiak
1
Kamil Piotrowicz
1
Antoni Płuciennik
1
Oskar Ryśkiewicz
1
Weronika Sekuła
1
Małgorzata Sikora
1
Natalia Sikora
1
Daria Sitko
1
Agata Sobczak
1
Julia Sosenko
1
Sonia Stando
1
Katarzyna Starek
1
Łukasz Ślak
1
Jagoda Świtała
1
Natalia Świtniewska
1
Agnieszka Tyc
1
Olga Urban
1
Natalia Wcisło
1
Katarzyna Wiśniewska
1
Joanna Wodzińska
1
Aleksandra Zabiełło
1
Monika Żygadło
1
Tomasz Zaleskiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jakub Traczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities; Faculty of Psychology in Wroclaw
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The display of affection in romantic relationships and its concomitants still require more scientific attention. Despite some studies addressing the topic of affection display, the literature does not provide a psychometrically reliable self-descriptive tool to measure this construct. Therefore, we conducted three studies among Polish adults to develop and validate a psychological tool for comprehensively identifying and measuring the display of emotional affection. Study 1 ( N = 894) aimed to develop and validate the Public and Private Romantic Display of Affection Scale (PPRDAS). It proved to be a valid psychological scale, as the theoretically assumed structure was supported by the results of the empirical analysis. Study 2 ( N = 343) confirmed the convergence validity of the PPRDAS using items of emotional expression from the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Spanier, 1989). In Study 3 ( N = 204 couples), we further verified the external validity of the PPRDAS using an assessment of affection displayed by one's partner in the relationship. Individuals’ self-estimates of their private and public displays of affection were confirmed by their romantic partners. In all studies, display of feelings was positively correlated with sexual and relationship satisfaction. Negative correlations with age and the duration of the romantic relationship were also observed.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Dagna Joanna Kocur
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Prusik
2
ORCID: ORCID
Karolina Konopka
3

  1. University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  2. The University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  3. The Maria Grzegorzewska University, Warsaw, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This study aims to test the effectiveness of online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy in increasing the resilience of Covid-19 patients. It has applied a website-based cyberpsychology approach to providing Mindfulness- Based Cognitive Therapy interventions. The online program was delivered over six sessions. These were carried out across four meetings, each of which lasted 30-120 minutes. The study is pre-experimental, using a single group pre-test to post-test experimental design. There were 5 patient participants with Covid-19, 1 male and 4 female. They were aged 20-27 years. All were either asymptomatic or presented only mild symptoms. The Connor Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) was used to measure pre- to post-intervention change in resilience, and a negative emotion scale was used to derive emotion ratings after each session. Results were analysed using a Wilcoxon signed-rank test. This showed a value of Z = -2.023 (p < 0.05), with a mean rank of 3.00, and a sum of ranks of 15.00. The analysis indicates that online Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy can significantly increase resilience in Covid-19 patients.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Zainul Anwar
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The aim of this article is to research the psychological trauma of a person who has experienced extreme events and gained psychotraumatic experience. Modern humanities understand the problem of injury in several aspects. One of the topical issues is the representation of psychotraumatic events through the involvement of aesthetic experience. The relevance of this paper is due to the fact that an important component of safe human life is to solve problems related to experiencing mental trauma and healing a person from it. The leading research method was the method of analysis of research sources. Also, in the research, the authors used the method of synthesis, observation, modeling. To describe the narrative of psychological trauma, the authors set out the theoretical foundations of the toolkit. The authors' view on the negative consequences of the traumas of war in their further psychological, physiological, and social development was presented. The main ways of reflecting individual and collective traumas were also analyzed, and artistic strategies of detraumatization were pointed out. As a result of the study, generalized conclusions were formed about the role of narrative practices in the formation of the historical and individual experiences of overcoming psychological trauma.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Oleksandr M. Kyrylchuk
1
Liubomyr O. Krupka
1
Myroslava A. Krupka
1

  1. Rivne State University of Humanities, Rivne, Ukraine
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

According to the literature, the importance of executive functions in everyday life, in the acquisition of motor skills, and in distinguishing cognitive performance of athletes and non-athletes is indisputable. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transcranial direct-current stimulation (tDCS) on inhibitory and interference control in athletes and non-athletes. Methods: Athletes and non-athletes were conveniently selected (N=48, age range: 18-30 years). Then, each group (athletes/non-athletes) was randomly divided into two groups: real and Sham stimulation. Real stimulation group was involved in sessions of stimulation with an intensity of 2 mA electric current applied for 20 minutes in three sessions. But Sham group was received stimulation only at the first 30 second in each session. The inhibition score in “Go/No Go” task and average response time in the Stroop's task were evaluated before and after three sessions of stimulation for real and Sham groups. Results: The results on inhibitory control variable showed that the difference between the two groups (real and Sham groups) was significant in the post-test (p ≤ .05). The results on interference control variable showed that real stimulation compared to other group had a better performance. Conclusion: The present findings showed that tDCS improves performance in inhibitory and interference control tasks in athletes compared with non-athletes.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Asieh Shabahang
1
Rasool Abedanzadeh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hesam Ramezanzadeh
2

  1. Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
  2. Damghan University, Damghan, Iran
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A particular element of computer games which significantly affects the gaming experience is avatars, i.e., representations of virtual players. In particular player-avatar similarity is related to the game experience, however, the results of previous studies are not conclusive. There is also a lack of research in which participants actually create their own avatars. The first aim of this study is to check whether there is a relationship between the player-avatar similarity and the game experience: game efficacy, game enjoyment and immersion. As a second goal the study examines gender as the mechanism responsible for the relationship between avatar player-similarity and game experience: game enjoyment, game efficacy and immersion. In the study (N = 130) participants created their avatars, played designed computer game Characterium and assessed their experience. The results demonstrate that player-avatar similarity was positively related to immersion level (but not to game efficacy and game enjoyment). Gender was not a significant moderator of the relationships between avatar similarity and game efficacy, game enjoyment and immersion. We consider this study to be a step forward in better understanding the mechanisms underlying the relationship between player-avatar similarity and game experience. For the first time, the relationship between player-avatar similarity and immersion was demonstrated in the condition of creating an avatar by the subjects and controlling it in the game. We also identify potential reasons why our hypotheses have not been confirmed.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Monika Paleczna
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Buczkowicz
1
Barbara Szmigielska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The issue of math attitude and math anxiety in STEM students has been till now overlooked. However, the issue occurring in many countries is students’ falling out of the STEM education system during their studies. One of the reasons for this problem may be high math anxiety and a negative math attitude among students. The present study fills a gap in knowledge about this phenomenon among STEM students. 371 Polish STEM students filled questionnaires of math attitude (MASA) and math anxiety (MAQA, SIMA, AMAS). The results are as follow: The mean results show that STEM students have a very positive math attitude in affective and cognitive dimensions and a rather positive math attitude in the behavioral area; On average, STEM students feel very weak anxiety related to math problem solving, weak general math anxiety and math learning anxiety, and a moderate level of math testing anxiety; Among STEM students there are those who present a very negative/negative math attitude and very strong/strong math anxiety; Women feel more intense anxiety related to math problem solving, but there is no gender gap in general math anxiety, math learning and math testing anxiety, and in math attitude. The results suggest that math attitude and math anxiety of STEM students should be monitored. Indeed, not all STEM students have a positive math attitude and feel no math anxiety. Moreover, proper interventions are recommended to decrease math anxiety and improve positive math attitude that in turn may prevent the students’ dropping out from STEM studies.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Monika Szczygieł
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The present study aimed to propose a conceptual model of the general effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-regulatory behavior of students learning online. The participants of the study included 350 students of Salman Farsi University of Kazerun who answered an electronic questionnaire from November 5 to November 24, 2020. This electronic questionnaire consisted of two tools: 1. COVID-19 General Impact Survey 2. Online Self-regulated Learning Questionnaire (OSLQ). The results of the structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that the goal orientation dimension has the highest mean (M=17.58) and the time management dimension has the lowest mean (M=10.18) among students. With the increase in negative academic outcomes and the decrease in students' psychological health during the COVID-19, their online self-regulated learning behaviors have also reduced. In addition, the COVID-19 had a negative and direct effect on online self-regulated learning behaviors in students. The results also showed that the greatest effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the self-regulatory components of online learning was related to the time management component. As for academic achievement, the three dimensions of goal setting, environmental structure, and self- evaluation showed a positive and significant relationship with the average of two semesters of students. Finally, the overall effects of the COVID-19 could explain 11% of online self-regulatory learning behaviors in students. Implicit implications of these findings for education as well as suggestions for further research are discussed.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Moslem Abbasi
1
Yaser Khajavi
1
Leila Shameli
1

  1. Salman Farsi University of Kazerun, Iran

Instructions for authors


Author Guidelines :

Submitted work should be original, meaning it should not be submitted for consideration to another journal nor should it have been published in whole or in part in another journal. Each submitted paper will be initially sent to the Editor-in-Chief who will appoint an Action Editor (if all authors' guidelines are met), who will seek and invite appropriate Reviewers. Each paper is sent to at least three Reviewers (experts in the field), and the decision is made on the basis of at least two reviews. The decision (accept, minor revision, revise and resubmit, or reject) will be communicated electronically (within the editorial system and via separate e-mails) together with the reviews and letter from the Action Editor.

Manuscripts must comply with all author guidelines before submission. Failure to comply may result in your article being unsubmitted and returned to you for amendment, which will delay the processing of your work. Empirical papers must be accompanied by the author’s confirmation that they have access to the original data on which the article reports. Submitted papers are subject to a double-blind academic peer review process; neither authors nor reviewers are identified..The Editor retains the right to reject articles that do not meet established scientific or ethical standards. Manuscript should be accompanied by the cover letter

Manuscripts should be submitted via Editorial System: http://www.editorialsystem.com/ppb


Manuscript Preparation:

Manuscripts must be in English. All submissions should adhere to the formatting guidelines in the latest edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA). The main text must be submitted as a blind copy of the manuscript, with all identifying author information removed. All parts of the manuscript should be double-spaced, with margins on all sides.

Manuscripts should be compiled in the following order: abstract with keywords, main text, Compliance with Ethical Standards, acknowledgments, and references.

Keywords: Articles should have 3-6 keywords.

Tables and Figures should be kept to a minimum.

Compliance with Ethical Standards:
Submissions reporting on a study with human participants must include this statement as it establishes that approval or exemption was granted by the applicable institutional and/or national research ethics committee and attests that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as set forth in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. This statement must include the name of the ethics committee granting approval/exemption. An Informed Consent statement must be included if your submission reports on a study with human participants. If no written informed consent was obtained, this statement must explain the reason for no consent.

We require authors to share their data along with their manuscript (using any public depository or our submission panel). There are many benefits to sharing your data openly with the scientific community.

Cover letter

Cover letter should include: Authors' name(s) and e-mail addresses, affiliation (for each author) and word count. The letter should also list the highlights of the submitted contribution (what we already know on this subject and what this paper actually adds).

Publication Ethics Policy

Peer Review and Ethics

Polish Psychological Bulletin is committed to peer-review integrity and upholding the highest standards of review.
Once your paper has been assessed for suitability by the editor, it will then be double blind peer reviewed by independent, anonymous authorities in the field.
Our guidance on publishing ethics is in accrdance with the COPE standards (see: https://publicationethics.org).

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more