Life Sciences and Agriculture

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica

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Acta Biologica Cracoviensia s. Botanica | 2023 | Vol. 65 | No 2

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Abstract

The role of catalase in resistance to boron toxicity after melatonin application (MEL) was investigated in Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Col-0 and cat2-2 plants were exposed to 50 μM MEL followed by boron toxicity (BT) in a medium containing 10 mM H 3BO 3. Pigment loss and accordingly chlorosis were reduced by melatonin under BT conditions, while they were more prominent in cat2-2 mutants. Moreover, TBARS and H 2O 2 contents, which increased due to BT, decreased as a result of melatonin application and the levels of these parameters in cat2-2 mutants were higher than the values in Col-0. Antioxidant enzyme activity of SOD and SOD1 gen transcript were induced by MEL under BT. Conversely, APX4, PER10 and CAT1 transcripts were down-regulated by MEL under BT. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activities and their transcript levels were lower than those of Col-0. Thus, we suggested that MEL scavenged ROS directly under BT. Melatonin also reduced the accumulation of boric acid in leaf tissues of Col-0, but not cat2-2. Finally, even though melatonin application provided a degree of endurance, the cat2 mutation resulted in increased sensitivity to BT.
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Authors and Affiliations

Aykut Saglam
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Asıye Sezgın Muslu
2
Cansu Altuntas
2
Mehmet Demıralay
2
Asım Kadıoglu
2

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61060, Trabzon, Turkey
  2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Karadeniz Technical University, 61060, Trabzon, Turkey
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Abstract

Pollen morphology of Polygala taxa from the family Polygalaceae in Turkey is presented in this study. Pollen features of 18 species along with one undescribed species in the section Polygala were examined with light and scanning electron microscopy, 11 of which were studied and defined for the first time. Cluster analysis and principal components analysis were conducted to determine informative palynological characters and to discover similarities among the studied taxa. Based on qualitative and quantitative variables in the phenogram, the studied taxa were divided into three major clusters. Multivariate analyses revealed that apocolpium characters, including a psilate apocolpium, the presence of apocolpial lumens with granules and small depressions with psilate or rugulate walls are the most distinct features for discriminating Polygala taxa. Intraspecific variations in some pollen characters, such as the exine pattern and aperture membrane features, are reported for several taxa. Pollen morphological data obtained in the present study are compared with those from previous studies for a number of species, and the results are evaluated. In addition, the aperture number and its probable significance in the Turkish Polygala are considered for some taxa, with emphasis on their known pollination strategies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Emel Oybak Dönmez
1
Zübeyde Uğurlu Aydın
1
Ali A. Dönmez
1

  1. Hacettepe University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract

Conifers are long-lived species that cope with multiple abiotic and biotic stresses. To defend themselves, they have evolved a wide array of morphological, anatomical and chemical traits. Morpho-anatomical traits of Juniperus seravschanica, particularly in male and female cones, have not been studied. Thus, in this survey, these structures were studied to investigate the adaptative traits. The species is frost- and drought-tolerant and grows at a 2200-3800 m altitude on normal, chalky, calcareous, rocky, and mountainous outcrops with other species or as pure patches. The seedlings and young plant leaves were small and needle-like, while the main leaves of adult plants were scale-like and overlapping; there was a conspicuous resin gland (duct) in the outer surface of scale-like leaves secreting a white and sticky resinous substance, particularly in damaged leaves. The epidermis was thick with thicker outer walls and sunken stomata; the hypodermis showed 1-3 layers of lignified cells with a narrow lumen. The palisade parenchyma was observed on both sides. Sclereids, phenolic- and starchy cells were observed in leaves, particularly scale-like ones. Male cones were small with overlapping and decussate scales, in which resin glands (ducts) and phenolic cells were also observed. Similarly, female cones had overlapping and decussate scales converting to fleshy, berry-like, and bluish appearance during development. They revealed the presence of several resin glands, a thick epidermis, phenolic cells in young cones, and numerous sclereid cells in mature cones. Tracheids were narrow in leaves and cones. The features such as high sclerophylly, resin glands, phenolic cells, narrow tracheids, sunken stomata, increasing thickness of the epidermis, cuticle, hypodermis, as well as the presence of palisade parenchyma on both sides enable the species to survive in hard conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Farkhondeh Rezanejad
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Farzad Ganjalikhani Hakemi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Fataneh Bakhtyari
1

  1. Department of Biology, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, P.O. Box 76169-133, Kerman, Iran
  2. Research and Technology Institute of Plant Production, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran

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ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica is an English-language journal founded in 1958, devoted to plant anatomy and morphology, cytology, genetics, embryology, tissue culture, physiology, biochemistry, biosystematics, molecular phylogenetics and phylogeography, as well as phytochemistry. It is published twice a year.

1. ACTA BIOLOGICA CRACOVIENSIA Series Botanica publishes original papers embodying the results of experimental or theoretical research, invited reviews, and brief communications. Manuscripts will be considered only on the understanding that they have not been published and are not being considered for publication elsewhere, that all authors agree on the content of the manuscript, and that laws on nature protection were not violated during the study.
Authors have to indicate their specific contributions to the published work in Authors’ Contributions and the sources of financial support of their research in Acknowledgements. They should clearly describe the following in their cover letter: (1) the aims and hypothesis of the paper; (2) the novelty of the paper − new achievements or innovations contained in the paper; and (3) the general significance of their paper.
Articles should be written in English (American spelling). Authors whose native language is not English are strongly advised to have their manuscripts checked by a professional translator or a native speaker prior to submission. Manuscripts should be written concisely. Purely descriptive studies, karyological notes on plants outside of central Europe, papers on economic botany as well as manuscripts of restricted interest generally are not considered for publication. In vitro studies which only describe protocols for plant regeneration without providing relevant biological information will not be considered for publication. A manuscript in the field of plant cell culture, physiology, biochemistry and phytochemistry must contain new insights that lead to a better understanding of some aspect of fundamental plant biology. They should be of interest to a wide audience and/or the methods employed should contribute to the advancement of established techniques and approaches.
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Editor: Prof. Dr. ANDRZEJ JOACHIMIAK
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Jagiellonian University
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a) citations of journal papers:

PALMER TP. 1962. Population structure, breeding system, interspecific hybridization and alloploidy. Heredity 17: 278-283.
CHEN BY, HENEEN WK, SIMONSEN V. 1989. Comparative and genetic studies of isozymes in resynthesized and cultivated Brassica napus L., Brassica campestris L., and B. alboglabra Baitey. Theoretical and Applied Genetics 77: 673-679.
b) citations of books, congress proceedings, theses:
BERGRREN DJ. 1981. Atlas of Seeds, part 3. Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm.
BING D, DOWNEY RK, RAKOW GFW. 1991. Potential of gene transfer among oilseed Brassica and their weedy relatives. Proceedings of the GCTRC Eighth International Rapeseed Congress, 9-11 July 1991, 1022-1027. Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
ROMEO JT. 1973. A chemotaxonomic study of the genus Erythrina (Leguminosae). Ph.D. disseration, University of Texas, Austin, TX.
c) citations of articles and chapters from books:
PHILLIPS RL. 1981. Pollen and pollen tubes. In: Clark G [ed.], Staining Procedures, 61-366. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD.
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