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ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Opis

The „Academia” magazine was founded on the initiative of Professor Andrzej B. Legocki, a President of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2003 – 2006. In the beginning it was published only in English as a reply to the growing demand for a current information on the Polish Academy of Sciences` activities, expressed by foreign scientists and Poles living abroad and interested in Polish science.

Since 2005 the magazine is published both in Polish and English.

The „Academia” is an exceptional - on the Polish market - scientific magazine for the general public, propagating achievements of Polish scientists here and abroad. Authors of articles in „Academia” explain their subject in a way that is accessible not only for all sorts of academics but also for students, pupils and all other readers interested in scientific topics for the general public.

ISSN
1731-7401
Wydawcy
Polish Academy of Sciences

Editorial Staff

Jolanta Iwańczuk (Editor-in-Chief, Earth Sciences)

Daniel Sax (Editor, English-Language Version)

Marcin Pietras (Biological & Agricultural Sciences)

Justyna Orłowska (Journalist)

Andrzej Figatowski (Graphic Designer)

Anna Bielec (Project Coordinator)


Scientific Council

Marek Konarzewski, President of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Chairman)

Dariusz Jemielniak (Deputy Chairman)

Andrzej Buko

Katarzyna Czarnecka

Patrycja Dołowy

Paweł Golik

Janusz Jurczak

Tomasz Kapitaniak

Marek Krawczyk

Krzysztof Nowak

Anna Zawadzka

Publisher:


Polish Academy of Sciences

Communication and Science Information Department

Defilad sq. 1,

00-901 Warsaw, Poland

e-mail: academia@pan.pl



The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
ttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.



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Zawartość

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security

1 Contents
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.147042
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2 Editorial
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.147043
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3 Security for whom?
Witold Klaus
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 4-7 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146566
Słowa kluczowe: migration security crime
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Abstrakt

Migration has always been present, as one of the forces behind the evolutionary success of the human species. But why do contemporary migrations stir such strong emotions?
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Witold Klaus
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. PAS Institute of Law Studies in Warsaw
4 Do Look Up!
Anna Łosiak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 8-11 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146567
Słowa kluczowe: asteroids climate change geological record
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Abstrakt

Every day, about 100 metric tons of extraterrestrial matter falls onto the Earth, most of it comprised of imperceptible particles.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Łosiak
1
  1. PAS Institute of Geological Sciences in Warsaw
5 Equilibrium Upset
Roman Kuźniar
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 12-15 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146568
Słowa kluczowe: energy security Ukraine war
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Abstrakt

Paradoxically, Europe is now more secure than it was before the war in Ukraine, although challenges still abound.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Roman Kuźniar
1
  1. Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, University of Warsaw
6 Securing Tomorrow’s Energy With Biogas
Paweł Kowalczyk
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 16-18 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146569
Słowa kluczowe: biogas plants food safety energy security renewable energy
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Abstrakt

Associate Professor Paweł Kowalczyk of the PAS Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition explains how research on animal feed can – perhaps surprisingly – improve our health and help bolster Poland’s energy security.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Kowalczyk
1
  1. PAS Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition
7 Losing the Ground Beneath Your Feet
Adam Karol Chaszczewicz
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 20-23 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146570
Słowa kluczowe: geohazards landslides
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Abstrakt

Any insufficiently understood dynamic geological process can be potentially dangerous.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adam Karol Chaszczewicz
1
  1. Polish Geological Institute – National Research Institute (PGI-NRI) in Warsaw
8 Keeping Artificial Intelligence Under Rein
Piotr Kaczmarek-Kurczak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 24-27 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146571
Słowa kluczowe: artificial intelligence bias transparency
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Abstrakt

Rapidly developing artificial intelligence technologies are expected to help us in various sectors of life, but their applications also entail certain risks.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Kaczmarek-Kurczak
1
  1. Centre for Space Studies, Kozminski University– Kozminski ESA Lab in Warsaw
9 Using Nuclear Technology To Boost Security
Piotr Spinalski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 28-31 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146572
Słowa kluczowe: nuclear technology cargo scanning
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Abstrakt

Any apparatus that makes use of nuclear radiation is typically thought about in terms of posing significant hazards. But such devices as particle accelerators, detectors, and even nuclear reactors can also serve to improve our safety and security.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Spinalski
1
  1. National Centre for Nuclear Research in Świerk
10 A Lurking Danger - Listeriosis
Elżbieta Rosiak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 32-35 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146573
Słowa kluczowe: bacteria food microbiology
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Abstrakt

To save time and for the sake of convenience, we often reach for ready-to-eat meals, such as pre-made salads. But how safe are they?
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Elżbieta Rosiak
1
  1. Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW)
11 Trees and Mycorrhizal Fungi – A Remarkable Alliance
Joanna Mucha
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 36-39 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146574
Słowa kluczowe: symbiosis fungi trees
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Abstrakt

Trees and fungi interact in complex ways. Sometimes, the two groups of organisms would even find it hard to survive without each other.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Joanna Mucha
1
  1. Institute of Dendrology PAS in Kórnik
12 Poland’s Demographic Future
Piotr Szukalski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 36-39 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146575
Słowa kluczowe: depopulation migration demographic security
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Abstrakt

Should Poland be fearful for its demographic security?
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Szukalski
1 2 3
  1. University of Łódź
  2. Committee on Demographic Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences
  3. Forecast Committee of the Polish Academy of Sciences
13 Diversity in Danger
Łukasz Walas
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 44-47 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146576
Słowa kluczowe: habitats biodiversity
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Abstrakt

Biodiversity holds the key to the survival of many plant species, and also to our own future.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Walas
1
  1. Laboratory of Systematics and Geography PAS Institute of Dendrology in Kórnik
14 The Hidden Costs of Optimization
Rafał Kucharski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 48-51 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146577
Słowa kluczowe: AI transportation cities
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Abstrakt

Someday soon, autonomous vehicles could greatly improve our safety. But once we turn decision-making over to machines, will our cities still be ours? – wonders Dr. Rafal Kucharski from the Group of Machine Learning, Jagiellonian University in Kraków.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Rafał Kucharski
1
  1. Group of Machine Learning, Jagiellonian University in Kraków
15 Dangers from the Depths
Grzegorz Lizurek
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 52-55 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146578
Słowa kluczowe: earthquakes tsunamis seismic waves
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Abstrakt

In populated regions, strong earthquakes are among the most devastating natural disasters. But minor tremors usually go unnoticed, as their existence is only detected with the aid of precise measuring instruments.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Grzegorz Lizurek
1
  1. PAS Institute of Geophysics in Warsaw
16 Revitalizing a Minority Language
Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 56-59 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146579
Słowa kluczowe: Upper Sorbian language linguistic security language revitalization
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Abstrakt

On the past and future of the Upper Sorbian minority language in Germany.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Nicole Dołowy-Rybińska
1
  1. Institute of Slavic Studies Polish Academy of Sciences in Warsawa
17 Safety in Today’s World
Robert Balas
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 60-62 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146580
Słowa kluczowe: psychological security mental health unpredictability
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Abstrakt

Associate Professor Robert Balas of the PAS Institute of Psychology talks about how the traditional patterns of human behavior are breaking down, causing growing frustration.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Robert Balas
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. PAS Institute of Psychology
18 Playing It Safe in the Forest
Anna Wierzbicka
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 63-65 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146581
Słowa kluczowe: ticks snakes forests
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Abstrakt

When ordinary people visit Poland’s forests, they are most afraid of encountering a big mammal – a wolf, boar, or bear. But the greatest dangers are actually posed by more inconspicuous animals: ticks and snakes.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Wierzbicka
1
  1. Poznań University of Life Sciences
19 Economic Security Faces Challenges
Katarzyna Żukrowska
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 66-69 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146582
Słowa kluczowe: economic security COVID-19 pandemic international cooperation
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Abstrakt

For a considerable period of time, we lived under conditions in which we paid little heed to the state of our security in its various aspects: military, economic, social, or health-related.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Katarzyna Żukrowska
1
  1. Warsaw School of Economics
20 The Virus of Oblivion
Paweł Walewski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 70-71 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146583
Słowa kluczowe: global health pandemics ecosystems
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Walewski
21 Flowing Energy
Marcin Kmieciński
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 72-77 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146584
Słowa kluczowe: hydroelectric power renewable energy energy security
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Abstrakt

The Włocławek Hydroelectric Power Plant is one of Poland’s largest power-generation projects.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marcin Kmieciński
22 Keeping Archives Safe and Sound
Anita Chodkowska
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2023 | No 1 (77) Security | 78-78 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2023.146585
Słowa kluczowe: archives preservation of heritage
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Abstrakt

“People are more important than such stuffy old papers. Maybe they have been around for ages, but they’ll just rot away someday anyway, and are of no use to anyone.”
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anita Chodkowska
1
  1. PAS Archives in Warsaw

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