Applied sciences

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Content

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2002 | No 3

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Abstract

The object of investigations was two-phase steel having the austenitic structure with ferrite precipitates (volume fraction about I 0% ). The material was subjected to cold rolling up to about 85% of deformation and subsequently annealed within the temperature range 750°C+l000°C. X-ray investigations included the phase analysis, measurements of pole figures and calculations of the orientation distribution functions (ODF's) for both component phases. The textures of austenite and ferrite after the final rolling reduction and successive stages of annealing were analysed within the centre and surface layers of the sheets. Examination of the austenite recrystallization texture included additionally the analysis of orientation fibres and transformations of the experimental and ideal ODF's. From the texture analysis it results that the mechanisms controlling the development of the austenite recrystallization texture is the selective growth of twins. Texture simulations indicate that austenite rolling texture can be transformed into the recrystallization texture according to twin relation, i.e. by rotation through an angle of (2n - I) x 60° about < I 11 >poles. A certain contribution of the oriented growth into the texture formation was also found. In that case relation between the recrystallization and deformation textures may be described by rotation 30°+40°/<111>. In both cases a variant selection of the rotation axis takes place. Based on the texture examination and the phase analysis it is additionally assumed that the (a ➔y) phase transformation may exert some effect on the recrystallization textures of both component phases
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiktoria Ratuszek
Janusz Ryś
Joanna Piniążek
Joanna Kowalska
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Abstract

The stored energy e, due to plastic deformation is defined as the change in internal energy measured at stress free state of material, and it characterises the cold-worked state. Both cold-worked state and the stored energy at each instant of deformation depend on the deformation history. Therefore, the instantaneous rate de,f dwP of energy storage seems to be an appropriate measure of the energy conversion process (wP is the work of plastic deformation). The rate of energy storage is important characteristic of the whole energy storage processes. It is a macroscopic quantity that is influenced by many microscopic mechanisms. Each of them is described by the separate internal paramenter H;. In mathematical description, the stored energy is a function of H,, H2, H3 •.• , H,,. Since there exist couplings between different mechanisms the function can not be, in general, written in the from: Le'..° (H;). The similar remark concerns also the energy storage rate. i= I The present paper is devoted an answer if it is possible to distinguish the influence of the change in given internal parameter on the rate of energy storage. In order to find the answer the theoretical analysis of energy storage rate on the basis of phenomenological thermodynamics of plastic deformation was done. The theoretical description of the experimental method od stored energy determination is presented. The results of the analysis have been used to support the additive partitioning of the resultant rate of the energy stored and to show experiment which allows distinguishing the particular components. Each component represents the specific microscopic mechanism. The analysis of preliminary experimental data arrived at the conclusion that in the initial stage of plastic deformation of polycrystalline metal at least two components of the energy storage rate exist. One of them is associated with the rise of dislocation density, and another one is related to the internal stress field due to elastic accommodation of incompatible strains in the vicinity of grain boundaries.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wiera Oliferuk
Bogdan Raniecki
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Abstract

The existing methods of analysis of drawing with a floating plug stated the most favourable angle differences between the drawing die and the plug. In the paper the theoretical analysis is made enabling achieving the possibly minimal diameter reduction at the stated wall thickness reduction. There is discussed tool geometry and a state of stress, which enable stable guidance of the process. The experimental studies with drawing of OF-Cu copper and CuZn37 brass tubes confirmed the results of theoretical consideration.
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Authors and Affiliations

Roman Hatalak
Kazimierz Świątkowski
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Abstract

Recently, new methods for utilization of converter slag have been sought. Slag processing by reduction in an electric arc furnace is one of such methods. However, the state of the relevant investigations is rather poor. This was the reason for carrying out study aimed at developing a new technology of the process under industrial conditions. The study presented allows chemical composition of non-metallic and metal phases and the reduction level of the converter slag components during process run in an electric arc furnace to be determined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Dziamargowski
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of SrSO4 reduction and SrS oxidation with the use of gaseous mixture (CO+CO2) in 1073-1373 K temperature range. On the base of an assumed equation describing the process in the wide range of reaction stage the dependence of constant reaction rates on CO concentration in the gaseous phase. The value of reaction activation energy and its change depending on the composition of the gaseous phase (CO+CO2) has been defined. The boundary value CO concentration in the gaseous phase, above which reductions, and below which oxidation of SrS take place, has been defined.
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Authors and Affiliations

Czesław Malinowski
Stanisław Małecki
Maksymilian Sukiennik
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Abstract

Przegląd literaturowy stosowanych na świecie technologii do przerobu stopów Zn-Ag-Pb wskazuje, że najefektywniejszą technologią jest metoda destylacji próżniowej, oparta na zjawiskach parowania lotnych składników z kąpieli metalicznej. W procesie odparowania składników z ciekłych stopów, w warunkach obniżonego ciśnienia, podstawowe znaczenie odgrywają zjawiska transportu masy. Badania procesu parowania w próżni wykazują, że jego szybkość może być zwiększona nie tylko przez obniżenie ciśnienia czy wzrost temperatury procesu, lecz także przez zmianę warunków hydrodynamicznych w układzie. Można także przypuszczać, że w zależności od rodzaju stopu kontrola kinetyczna omawianego procesu jest znacznie zróżnicowana. Wykazanie, który z tych czynników najistotniej wpływa na kinetykę procesu parowania, wymaga określenia etapu kontrolującego proces, a także określenia wpływu tych czynników na zmianę jego kontroli. W ramach pracy przeprowadzono badania próżniowego oddestylowania cynku ze stopów Zn-Ag-Pb w zakresie ciśnień od I do 1000 Pa i temperatur od 823 do 898 K. Badania przeprowadzono dla stopu o składzie chemicznym: 50,0% Ag, 35,0% Pb i 15,0% Zn. Podstawowym urządzeniem wykorzystywanym w badaniach był agregat próżniowy składający się z głowicy roboczej, pieca indukcyjnego PIS O I TR i układu pomp próżniowych SP2000 PA. Po każdym doświadczeniu określano wielkość ubytku masy próbki oraz analizowano skład chemiczny stopu oznaczając zawartość: cynku, srebra i ołowiu metodą atomowej spektrometrii absorpcyjnej (AAS) z zastosowaniem spektrometru firmy Perkin-Elmer model 603. Na podstawie analizy uzyskanych wartości podstawowych parametrów kinetycznych: gęstości strumienia masy oraz współczynnika przenikania masy dla zakresu ciśnień od IO do 20 Pa obserwuje się silną zależność tych wielkości od ciśnienia panującego w układzie pomiarowym. Oznacza to, że w tym zakresie ciśnień następuje zmiana kontroli procesu i opory w fazie gazowej nakładają się na opory w fazie ciekłej. Można więc przyjąć, że w obszarze ciśnień od IO do 20 Pa mamy do czynienia z mieszaną kontrolą procesu. W zakresie ciśnień powyżej 20 Pa można natomiast przyjąć, że proces zachodzi w obszarze dyfuzyjnym i jest kontrolowany oporami w fazie gazowej. Szybkość procesu odcynkowania stopów Zn-Ag-Pb wzrasta silniej w miarę obniżania ciśnienia niż przy wzroście temperatury. W zakresie ciśnień poniżej IO Pa, wartości pozornej energii aktywacji procesu zbliżone są do wartości energii aktywacji dyfuzji cynku w ciekłym srebrze. Stanowi to potwierdzenie faktu, że w tym zakresie ciśnień proces destylacji cynku kontrolowany jest głównie transportem masy w fazie ciekłej.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Łabaj
Jan Botor
Remogiusz Sosnowski
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Abstract

Constituent binary subsystems Co-Cu, Co-Si and Cu-Si were described briefly, and their calculated phase diagrams were presented and invariant reactions of the liquid phase, as well. Thermodynamic parameters for Co-Si and Cu-Si systems were taken from the former own assessments and coefficients for binary system Co-Cu were accepted from the one of the most recent literature evaluations. Tdb file was then set up by means of binary formalism. Equilibrium calculations resulted in the parameters of all invariant reactions with liquid phase involved, and the Schei l reaction scheme was constructed as well. Graphical representation of the calculated liquidus surface was shown as the projection onto the G i b b s triangle plane.
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Authors and Affiliations

Leszek Zabdyr
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Abstract

Brief review on history and development of OTA as thermal analysis method; with special aspect to the application of quantitative thermodynaimc analysis for binary metal systems, are presented in this paper. Importance of the calibration constat determination is pointed out, as well as its changeable value depending on composition of the investigated system. Results obtained using OTA method in termodynamic analysis of some binary systems are also given and compared with data measured by other experimental techniques (calorimetry, EMF measurements) or calculated by thermodynamic predicting methods. Good agreement reached between these results enables to the correctness of application of quantitative OTA.
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Authors and Affiliations

ŻIVAN ŻIVKOVIĆ
DRAGANA ŻIVKOVIĆ

Instructions for authors

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly journal of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, which has published continuously since 1954, scientific papers in English in the following fields: metallurgy and materials science, foundry, mechanical working of metals, thermal engineering in metallurgy, thermodynamic and physical properties of materials, phase equilibria in the broad context and diffusion.

In addition to the regular, original scientific papers and conference proceedings, invited reviews presenting the up-to-date knowledge and monothematic issues devoted to preferred areas of research will be published. Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form.

When preparing the manuscript, please pay attention to the following rules:

1. Manuscript submission

1.1. Electronic submission: All submissions must be made electronically via Editorial System https://www.editorialsystem.com/editor/amm/articles/list/?qt=NEW

1.2. Manuscript should not exceed 12 pages of full-size paper (A4), must be double spaced (please use 12 point font), with generous margins, and the pages must be numbered. Authors should submit an electronic file of their manuscript in Microsoft Word format (minimum: version 2000).

1.3. All manuscripts must be written in good English. Both British and U.S. English are acceptable but Authors should be consistent in their usage. It is sole responsibility of the Authors to make sure that the manuscript is grammatically correct and spell checked. Authors are strongly encouraged to have the manuscript proofread by a native speaker of English or a language professional, before it is submitted to the editorial office. Papers written in poor English will be automatically rejected without being subjected to review.

1.4. Authors should submit an electronic copy of final version of their paper in Microsoft Word format, schemes (sketches) and figures saved as .eps, .jpeg, or .tiff.

1.5. Articles submitted for publication should include abstract and maximum 5 key words.

1.6. Please adhere to the following order of presentation:

Author(s) with first names in full.

Affiliation(s): in a short form (Institution, City, Country). Use the superscripts (*, **, . . .) after the Authors’ names in case of different affiliations.

Title: All words in lower case (first letter of first word capitalized).

Abstract: maximum 10 lines, including primary objective, research design, methods and procedures, main outcomes and results, conclusions. Do not use abbreviations in the abstract.

Keywords: 5 maximum.

Main text: Begin on the second page with Introduction, followed by Experimental (Materials and Methods) and/or Theory section, Results, Discussion, and end with Conclusion section and Acknowledgement. When appropriate the Authors may choose to combine Results section and Discussion section into one Results and discussion section. Make sure the text in sections is divided logically into paragraphs. Use the decimal system for sections, subsections and (at the most) subsubsections, as exemplified in the headings of these instructions. All abbreviations should be spelled out the first time they are introduced in text or references. Thereafter the abbreviation can be used.

Appendices

References

Correspondence address: title, name, postal address, telephone and e-mail address of the corresponding Author.

Figure captions

Tables

2. Manuscript preparation

2.1. Formulae, equations and units

Formulae and equations should be typed on separate lines and numbered consecutively in parentheses on the right side (1) . . . (n). Vectors must be indicated as such. Size of symbols should be kept uniform for all equations in the manuscript. Formulae and equations should be referred to in the text as follows: Eq. (1). Numbers and units must be separated by a space, e.g. 5.5 wt.%, 273.15 K, 1013 MPa, etc. The only exception are angle degrees, e.g. 90°.

2.2. Figures

Figures are usually printed in reduced size and this should be taken into account when preparing them. This applies also to the photographs. For the best results, make sure that lettering on illustrations is at least 2 mm high after reduction. Figure captions should be typed on a separate page at the end of manuscript. The same refers to tables and all sorts of lists. The appropriate place of tables and figures in the text should be indicated by < Tab 1 > or written in separate line. Figures should be referred to in text as follows: Fig. 1. Each figure should have its own caption explaining the content without reference to the text. Line drawings will normally be printed in column width of 85 mm. After this reduction all figures should have the same final letter size of at least 2 mm. The style of labeling of the coordinates must be uniform for all drawings. The magnification must be indicated by a labeled scale marker on the micrograph itself, not drawn below it. For optimum printing quality micrographs should be saved as .eps or .tiff at a resolution of at least 300 dpi while line drawings at a resolution of at least 600 dpi.

2.3. Tables

Tables together with captions should be typed on separate page at the end of manuscript. Tables are to be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers in the text (TABLE 1 . . . n). The captions should explain the symbols used in the heading and in the left hand column. Tables should be referred to in the text as follows: TABLE 1.

2.4. References

A new type of literature provision has been in force since 2020 – modified vancouver style.
Please follow the instructions below.

References should be typed on separate pages and numbered consecutively applying the system accepted by the Quarterly (initials and names all authors, title of the article (obligatory), journal title [abbreviated according to the Journal Title Abbreviations of Web of Science: http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/ everyone abbreviation should be end with a dot – example. Arch. Metall. Mater.] or book title; journal volume or book publisher; page spread; publication year in bracket, full DOI number).

Please note the correct layout punctation (commas and periods), and spaces. Please note the arrangement of dots, commas and spaces.

First, we write the initial of the name, dot, space, surname, volume must be written BOLD, at the name   of the authors, do not write a word “and” write only a comma. We give the year of publication at the end of the sentence in brackets and DOI number (full notation and linked).

The use of DOI numbers (full notation and linked) is mandatory for each paper and should be formatted as shown in the examples below:

3. Samples

Journals:

[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer. Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2.

Books:

[4] K.U. Kainer (Ed.), Metal Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2006).

[5] K. Szacilowski, Infochemistry: Information Processing at the Nanoscale, Wiley (2012).

[6] L. Reimer, H. Kohl, Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation, Springer, New York (2008).

Proceedings or chapter in books with editor(s):

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major, P. Zięba (Eds.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Internet resource:

[8] https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/crystallographic-databases, accessed: 17.04.2017

Academic thesis (PhD, MSc):

[9] T. Mitra, PhD thesis, Modeling of Burden Distribution in the Blast Furnace, Abo Akademia University, Turku/Abo, Finland (2016).

 

3. Fee

We would like to inform the Authors that from July 1, 2024, the fee is increased and will amount to 300 EUR plus 23%VAT (1250 PLN net for authors with Polish affiliation).

4. Review and proofread process

4.1. Peer review process

All submitted manuscripts are subject to review by recognized experts appointed by the Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board. Authors are requested to provide in the editorial system the names and contact details (affiliations and valid e-mail addresses) of two experts who could act as reviewers. Only one of these names may be from the same country as the affiliation of the corresponding author. The decision to appoint a reviewer is solely at the editor's discretion. When the article requires corrections, the authors are required to respond in writing to the comments of the Editor and Reviewers and to make corrections to the manuscript. The decision to reject the article is made by the Editorial Board, and the final decision is made by the Editor, who may appoint another reviewer if necessary. The reviewers remain anonymous to the authors and their identity cannot be disclosed by the Editor.

 4.2. Submission of a revised manuscript

When a manuscript revision is requested, Authors should return a revised version of their manuscript to the editorial office as soon as possible. Acting quickly can ensure rapid publication if the article is finally accepted for publication in Arch Metall Mater. If this is the first revision of the article, Authors are requested to return the revised manuscript within 14 days. If this is the second revision, Authors are requested to return the revised manuscript within 7 days.

 4.3. Final revision

 Authors will receive a pdf file via the editorial system in the PROOF tab of the proof of the article in a version that is suitable for publication. This is the last opportunity to review the article before its publication on the journal's website, Czytelnia PAN platform and WoS. No changes or modifications can be made after publication. Therefore, authors are requested to thoroughly review the manuscript and prepare a separate document containing all changes that should be introduced.

5. Original version

Starting with issue 1 / 2000, volume 45, the Archive of Metallurgy and Materials is published in electronic form on the platform Reading Room PAS  as the original version (reference). The platform  Reading Room PAS sends files to WoS within 6 weeks of publication of the full content of a given issue. The printed version is printed by the Warsaw Scientific Printing House of the PAN.

6. Prevent cases of plagiarism

Readers should be sure that the authors present the results of their work transparently, fair and honest, regardless of whether they are the direct authors, or used the help of a specialized entity (natural or legal person). To prevent cases of plagiarism,  the Editorial Office will require that the Authors disclosed the contribution of individual Authors in the creation of manuscript (with their affiliations and contributions, i.e. the information who is responsible for: research concept and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, writing the manuscript) in the document "Ghostwriting statement paper".Funding sources (together with grant number) must also be revealed. The corresponding Author will bear the main responsibility for the manuscript. Detected cases will be exposed, including notifying the appropriate entities (institutions employing the Authors, scientific societies, associations of editors of scientific journals, etc.).

7. License type

Articles are printed in an open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.enThis license allows others to distribute, remix, modify and build upon the author's work, even commercially, as long as the author of the original work is attributed to him.

Submission of an article to the journal is unequivocal to expressing consent to the publication in both paper and electronic form.

 

 

 

Additional info

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