Nauki Techniczne

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Zawartość

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2025 | vol. 70 | No 3

Abstrakt

In this work, the evolution and sequence of precipitates in a pre-deformed Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy during ageing were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that cold rolling alters the precipitation sequence due to the large density of deformation induced dislocations which were introduced during cold rolling, resulting in annihilation of excess vacancies and suppression of the formation of GP-zones. Also, large density of dislocations by cold rolling acts as heterogeneous nucleation sites for precipitates and then accelerated the formation of η precipitates making non-uniformly distributed size of precipitates either in matrix and grain boundary which strongly affects fracture surfaces.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yujin Rhee
1
Equo Kobayashi
1

  1. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo, Japan

Abstrakt

Aerosol Jet Printing (AJP) offers high resolution and flexible working distances, making it a promising technology for the customization of complex electronic devices. However, devices fabricated through the AJP process often suffer from reduced electrical performance due to limited control over printed line width, which constrains its applicability in advanced electronic manufacturing. Consequently, achieving high precision in line width control is of paramount importance for optimizing AJP technology. In this research, a machine learning framework is proposed to enable rapid modeling of printed line width. The framework considers sheath gas flow rate, carrier gas flow rate, and print speed as input variables, with line width as the target output. Three representative machine learning algorithms – support vector regression, artificial neural networks, and XGBoost – were employed to develop predictive models. The modeling performance of these algorithms was systematically compared using four conventional evaluation metrics. Ultimately, the optimal machine learning model identified through this process was selected for the rapid modeling of printed line width in the AJP process.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Joon Phil Choi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yongrae Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dongwoon Shin
1
ORCID: ORCID
Min-Kyo Jung
1
ORCID: ORCID
Pil-Ho Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seung Ki Moon
2
ORCID: ORCID
Haining Zhang
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of 3D Printing, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
  2. School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
  3. School of Information Engineering, Suzhou University, Suzhou, China

Abstrakt

Directed energy deposition (DED) is a metal additive manufacturing (AM) process where material is deposited layer by layer using a focused energy source. This study investigates the effects of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) particles as solid lubricant additives in the DED process. AISI P21 tool steel was applied as the base material, with hBN added at 0.2 wt.% and 0.4 wt.% fractions. Geometrical analysis showed that P21/hBN composites had better shape accuracy and reduced over-deposition compared to pure P21, due to improved heat distribution. Tribological testing confirmed that hBN improved lubrication, reducing the coefficient of friction, though wear track depth remained consistent across samples. Electron Backscattered Diffraction (EBSD) analysis revealed grain growth with increasing hBN content, enhancing thermal stability. Overall, hBN improved part quality and lubricating performance.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Pil-Ho Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Min-Kyo Jung
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joon Phil Choi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yongrae Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Taeho Ha
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of 3D Printing, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon-si 34103, Daejeon Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

This study investigates the influence of annealing temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L stainless steel manufactured using laser powder bed fusion technology. Higher annealing temperatures reduced porosity in both horizontally and vertically printed samples. Horizontal samples exhibited vertically aligned melting pools, while vertical samples showed scale-like pool structures. Annealing at 950°C dissolved melting pool boundaries and created continuous grain structures, with vertical samples demonstrating faster grain growth. Horizontal samples showed higher initial hardness, but lower ductility than vertical samples. The annealing process improved elongation in all samples, while microstructural analysis revealed that horizontal samples had extensive twinning and dislocation activity.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Dinh Van Cong
1
Seung-Yun Song
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dong-Gwan Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jin-Chun Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Minh-Thuyet Nguyen
2
ORCID: ORCID
Alexander A. Gromov
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Ulsan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
  2. Hanoi University of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanoi, Vietnam
  3. Lomonoscov Moscow State University, Fundamentak Physic-Chemical Engineering, Moscow, Russia

Abstrakt

This study presents a novel method to exfoliate molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) using quenching. MoS2 is considered a promising material for energy storage and catalysis due to its excellent electronic and catalytic properties. Exfoliation maximizes surface area and enhances performance. Quenching involves rapid cooling from high temperatures, inducing thermal stress that effectively separates the layers of MoS2. In this study, bulk MoS2 was heat treated at various temperatures and then quenched to promote exfoliation. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the optimal exfoliation temperature at 150°C, while Atomic Force Microscope measurements revealed exfoliated MoS2 layers with a thickness of 4-6 nm. This method offers a cost-effective approach with potential for large-scale production of high-quality MoS2 layers.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jae Min Sung
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Ammad Ali
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Kee-Ryung Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mi Hye Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Da-Woon Jeong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bum Sung Kim
1 3
Haejin Hwang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yoseb Song
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea National Institute of Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon 21655, Republic of Korea
  2. Inha University, The Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
  3. University of Science and Technology, Industrial Technology and Smart Manufacturing, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

In this study, we developed Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/ Ethyl cellulose (EC)/ Porous silicon dioxide (PSD) extrusion granules for controlled-release fertilizer for more than 30 days. The amount of HPMC and EC was optimized through release evaluation, and the fertilizer could be controlled for more than 30 days using PSD. The extrusion granules were manufactured by a manual round pill machine using fertilizer, HPMC, EC, and PSD in the ratio of 1:1:10:3. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluated the physicochemical properties of the extrusion granules. In addition, the release test of the fertilizer components was performed. The fertilizer was released 80% at 30 days, which was a controlled release. Our study shows that the controlled-release fertilizer using PSD is a promising slowrelease fertilizer.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hongjun Yoon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sung Giu Jin
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Dankook University, Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering , Cheonan, South Korea

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Seungheon Han
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hee Yeon Jeon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jeong Hyun Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Myeongjun Ji
2
ORCID: ORCID
Gun-Jae Lee
3
ORCID: ORCID
Young-In Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Seoul National University of Science And Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
  2. University of Nevada, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, Las Vegas, Nv 89514, United States of America
  3. Dept. of Carbon Neutrality And Corporate Growth Support , Korea Planning & Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu 41069, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

An optimum route to fabricate the MoO3 nanoparticles with modified morphology was investigated. Microstructure analysis for the MoO3 powder prepared by high-energy ball milling process for 25 h showed that the plate-shaped raw powders are mostly converted into equiaxed fine particles, but exist as large agglomerates. However, the powder fabricated by the hydrogen reduction at 775℃ of raw powder and re-oxidation at 450℃ exhibits equiaxed fine particles with a size of about 260 nm and relatively small agglomerates. Additionally, the re-oxidized particles show a unimodal particle size distribution with measured values ranging from 0.18 to 0.42 μm. These results indicated that the reduction and re-oxidation process can significantly decrease the particle size and modify the powder morphology into an equiaxed shape.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Youngmin Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ji Young Kim
1
Ji Won Choi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eui Seon Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sung-Tag Oh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Seoul National University of Science And Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

This study investigated the transformation of conductive MXene films into non-conductive materials using hydrogen peroxide inkjet printing and introduced a novel reverse-patterning technique. Non-conductive patterns can be formed by multiple printing processes of H2O2 ink on MXene films to transform Ti3C2Tx into TiOx. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis confirmed the compositional changes of the MXene films, supporting the fabrication of flexible electronics and custom patterns using the proposed technique. The developed method enhances MXene film integration and can be used to create intricate designs, thereby offering significant potential for use in electronic device manufacturing and materials science.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

XiangYi Han
1
Dong-Geon Lee
1
Seungyoung Park
2
ORCID: ORCID
Doo-Seung Um
3 4
ORCID: ORCID
Chang-Il Kim
1

  1. Chung-Ang University, School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
  2. Kyonggi University, School of Electronic Engineering, Suwon 16227, Republic of Korea
  3. Jeju National University, Department of Electronic Engineering, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
  4. Jeju National University, Faculty of Energy Application System (Electronic Engineering), Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

The synthesis of fine W composite powder with homogeneously dispersed Cu particles was investigated. Commercial or ultrasonic spray pyrolysis WO3 powders were used as source materials of W, and copper nitrate was added and hydrogen-reduced to finally fabricate W-Cu composite powder. The reduced powder prepared using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis WO3 powder exhibited a spherical agglomerate composed of fine particles and pores, whereas that using commercial WO3 showed relatively fine particles with a size of about 200 nm. TEM analysis revealed that Cu elements were uniformly distributed in the composite powder. These results help to optimize the synthesis process of homogeneous W-Cu nanocomposite powders.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ji Won Choi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ji Young Kim
1
Youngmin Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eui Seon Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sung-Tag Oh
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Seoul National University of Science And Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

High-temperature environments require materials with exceptional properties, including strength, oxidation resistance, and wear resistance. Quenched and tempered (QT) AISI 4140 steel, a chromium-molybdenum low-alloy steel, is known for its superior strength and toughness, making it widely used in industries such as automotive, aerospace, and oil & gas. The outstanding characteristics of 4140 steel stem from its alloying elements: chromium (Cr), molybdenum (Mo), and manganese (Mn), along with the quenching and tempering treatment temperature. These alloying elements facilitate carbide formation with carbon (C), resulting in finer grains and improved mechanical properties. This study aimed to enhance high-temperature performance by adjusting the chromium content, a key element influencing high-temperature properties. Modified AISI 4140 steel was produced using various QT treatment conditions. Tensile tests conducted at room temperature and at 400℃, 500℃, and 600℃ revealed that increasing the tempering temperature generally decreased tensile strength while increasing elongation. At 600℃, the tensile strength decreased for all specimens; however, higher chromium content and lower tempering temperatures improved the high-temperature strength of the modified 4140 steel.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Gang Ho Lee
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Minha Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sanghoon Noh
2
ORCID: ORCID
Byoungkoo Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Byung Jun Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Energy System Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Busan 46938, Republic of Korea
  2. Pukyong National University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 48547, Busan, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

Here, We present the first-ever synthetic method based on the salt-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis process of pure brookite TiO2 nanorods. H2TiF6 and NaNO3 were used as a titanium precursor and salt for the synthesis, the NaNO3 contributes to the individual separation of primary nanostructures and the stabilization of brookite phase generated by the pyrolysis reaction of the precursor in a droplet. The synthesized nanorods were high crystalline and phase purity, as determined by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy studies. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations showed the effect of the salt addition on the morphological features and the nanorods to have a one-dimensional morphology with an average diameter of about 10 nm. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized brookite nanorod was tested employing the photodegradation of methylene blue under Xenon lamp irradiation. The results indicated that the brookite nanorod synthesized by salt-assisted ultrasonic spray pyrolysis was superior to commercial anatase nanoparticles.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hee Yeon Jeon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Myeongjun Ji
1
ORCID: ORCID
Young Hwangbo
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gun-Jae Lee
2
ORCID: ORCID
Young-In Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Seoul National University of Science And Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
  2. Dept. of Carbon Neutrality and Corporate Growth Support , Korea Planning & Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology, Daegu 41069, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

A layered Al sheet was fabricated by three cycles (c) of multi-stack accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) using commercial AA1050, AA5052, and AA6061 alloy sheets, and then annealed. The as-ARBed Al sheet showed ultrafine grained (UFG) structure, with average grain diameter of 1.07 μm. Through up to 250℃, the annealed sheets still showed UFG structure, above 300℃, they exhibited heterogeneous structure, in which due to static recrystallization, both ultrafine and coarse grains coexisted. As the number of ARB cycles increased, the tensile strength increased, after 3c, they reached 390 MPa, 2.4 times the average value of the starting materials. The changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of the multi-layered Al sheet with annealing are discussed in detail, and compared to those of the 2c ARBed materials by the previous study.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Seong-Hee Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Mokpo National University, Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Jeonnam, Korea

Abstrakt

Aluminum (Al) powders are coated by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), which replaces the naturally formed oxide layer, enhancing thermal oxidation performance via simultaneous exothermic reactions doubling exothermic enthalpy energy compared to uncoated Al powder. However, the PTFE coating significantly increases electrostatic charge, raising ignition risks. The incorporation of antistatic agents such as Bis-Hydroxyethyl Cocomonium Nitrate within a glycerol solution produced a 61% reduction in the electrostatic charge due to surface charge modification of the powders. This study demonstrates the potential of PTFE in enhancing combustion while addressing electrostatic hazards, ensuring safer handling. The findings shows the way for optimized PTFE/Al powder in energetic applications.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Soo-ho Jung
1
Jinhee Bae
1
Jihun Yu
1
Kyung Tae Kim
1

  1. Nano Materials Research Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science, 797 Changwondaero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon, Gyeongnam 51508, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

n-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 emerges as a viable alternative to conventional n-type Bi2(Te,Se)3, demonstrating superior power generation capabilities when coupled with p-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 in commercial thermoelectric devices. Despite the importance of controlling the donor-like effect in n-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3 for optimization of thermoelectric performance, there have been no relevant studies so far. This study focuses on investigating the effect of sintering temperature on the thermoelectric properties of n-type (Bi,Sb)2Te3. Increasing the sintering temperature promotes the recovery effect and leads to a reduction in carrier concentration and thereby optimized power factor (2.66 mW m–1 K–2 at 298 K). Furthermore, the zT value at room temperature increased by 63%, and the highest zT value achieved is 0.52 at 423 K for the sample sintered at 793 K.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Linh Ba Vu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Injoon Son
2
ORCID: ORCID
Kyung Tae Kim
1
Seungki Jo
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Institute of Materials Science, Nano Materials Research Division, 797 Changwon-daero, Seongsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51508, Republic of Korea
  2. Kyungpook Nation University, Daegu, Korea

Abstrakt

Metal powder filters are key components in semiconductor manufacturing equipment that play a critical role in preventing the ingress of impurities and fine particles that may be contained in process gases. With the increasingly advanced development of the semiconductor industry, metal powder filters also require more precise and advanced performance. Therefore, in this study, a filter with a honeycomb structure morphology with crossed top and bottom was fabricated by a material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) process. To achieve this, the prepared pellets were subjected to the MEAM, allowing the creation of filters with complex shapes featuring crossed top and bottom structures. After polishing the surface of the specimen, solvent debinding and thermal debinding were performed to remove the binder. Solvent debinding was performed in n-Heptane for 24 hours, while thermal debinding was performed in an Ar atmosphere at a maximum temperature of 800°C. The debinded specimens were sintered under a high vacuum atmosphere at temperatures of 850°C, 950°C, and 1050°C, respectively. The prepared metal powder filters were examined for filter morphology and microstructure using optical microscopy, and pore properties such as porosity and air permeability were evaluated.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Min-Ji Kim
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Min-Jeong Lee
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun-Ju Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ju-Yong Kim
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jung-Woo Lee
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jung-Yeul Yun
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Nanomaterials Research Center, Korea Institute of Materials Science KIMS, Changwon 51508, Republic of Korea
  2. Pusan National University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
  3. 3DP R&D Center, REPROTECH, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

In this study, STS316L produced by a single-melting vacuum oxygen decarburization (VOD) process, referred to as SM, and a double-melting process involving vacuum induction melting (VIM) and vacuum arc remelting (VAR), referred to as DM, was subjected to extrusion and drawing to form a tube, followed by electrolytic polishing (EP). The surface roughness of layer on the DMed sample is 0.02 μm, which is much lower than that on the SMed sample of 0.13 μm. The thickness of the EP layer on STS316L by SM and DM revealed the values of approximately 7.1 nm and 8.2 nm, respectively. The Cr/Fe and CrO/FeO ratios in the EP layer on the DMed sample were 1.62 and 2.26, respectively, while, in the SMed sample, 1.22 and 2.03. Consequently, the EPed STS316L by DM showed better corrosion resistance in HCl solution and small amounts of Cr and Fe eluted in HCl solutions.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Donhee Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Du Hong Kang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Poongyeon Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Si Young Chang
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Aerospace University, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Goyang, Korea

Abstrakt

This study synthesized nano-sized TiO₂ using scrap from the TiN thin film manufacturing process by a hydrothermal reaction. By controlling the reaction temperature and concentration, the crystal structure and particle size were controlled. The solution from the TiN scrap was strongly acidic with a pH below 0. The mixed TiO₂ of rutile and anatase crystal structures was produced at a concentration of 0.08 mole. The TiO2 particle size ranged from 4 nm to 8 nm, increased from 7 nm to 140 nm after heat treatment. At temperatures above 800°C, the crystal structure of the mixed TiO2 transformed into pure rutile.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jeong Gon Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jaehyo Cho
2
Min Soo Shin
1
Young Chan Lim
1

  1. Incheon National University, Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Incheon 22012, Korea
  2. Milaebo, Pyeongtack-City, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea

Abstrakt

This work investigates the use of high-energy ball milling to encapsulate titanium (Ti) powders with tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co). For varied amounts of time – between 1 and 12 hours – a combination of powders made up of 80% WC-Co and 20% Ti was milled. The findings show that WC was able to effectively encapsulate the surfaces of the Ti powders, and some of the Ti mechanically alloyed with Co to create an amorphous Co-Ti alloy. The encapsulation process is validated by microstructural analysis, which also shows how the powder shape changes during milling time. By providing a scalable approach for enhanced material synthesis, this encapsulation process has the potential to greatly improve the performance of Ti-based composites in wearresistant applications and cutting tools.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ammad Ali
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Jae Min Sung
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Hyun-Woo Lee
1 3
ORCID: ORCID
Yoseb Song
1
ORCID: ORCID
Da-Woon Jeong
1 4
ORCID: ORCID
Kee-Ryung Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bum Sung Kim
1 2

  1. Korea National Institute of Rare Metals, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21655, Republic of Korea
  2. University of Science and Technology, Industrial Technology and Smart Manufacturing, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
  3. Inha University, Incheon, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 22212, Republic of Korea
  4. School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

In this study, high-strength tool steel specimens based on AISI D2 with a C content of 1.6% or more were developed by adjusting alloying elements (C, Cr, Mo, and V). Specimens were manufactured through various heat treatments such as austenitizing, quenching, and tempering processes, and their microstructure and mechanical properties are analyzed. The hardness results varied significantly depending on the alloy composition and microstructural characteristics. For example, Fe3 with increased C and Mo contents and uniform martensite and carbide microstructure has the highest hardness (862 HV, 704 HV) both before and after tempering. Among the quenched specimens, the lowest hardness (661 HV) was observed in MD2, which had a standard AISI D2 composition and exhibited a microstructure that was fine in scale but non-uniform in distribution. Among the as-tempered specimens, the lowest hardness (581HV) was observed in Fe2, which had a relatively heterogeneous microstructure despite its increased Cr and Mo contents.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hong-Gu Lee
1
Ayeong Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Su-Gwan Lee
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chae-Ryeong Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jin-Chun Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Sang-Yong Shin
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Ulsan, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

Metal fuel is a promising candidate for fast reactor, but the problem of loss of nuclear material due to the high reactivity of the metal fuel and the melting crucible in the fuel casting process must be solved for loss control and waste reduction. To this end, it is necessary to develop a new coating material that can minimize high reactivity in order to develop new material casting parts capable of reducing reaction loss. In this study, research was conducted to develop a new material to improve the degree of anti-reactivity of the crucible. Research was conducted to develop a new material from Nd-Y-oxide based materials, which has shown good anti-reactivity previously. YAG (Y3Al5O12), YNdLa, YZrNd, YNdCe oxide materials were selected as a candidate material. This study identifies NdYO3-based materials as the most promising candidates for high-temperature applications due to their superior reaction resistance.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Sang-Gyu Park
1
ORCID: ORCID
Seung Uk Mun
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ki Hwan Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hoon Song
1
Jun Hwan Kim
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Next-Generation Fuel Technology Development Division, Daejeon, 34057, South Korea
  2. Soft Matter Physics Laboratory, School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, 2066 Seoburo, Jangangu, Suwon, Gyeonggi do 16419, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

One of the latest approaches to substituting the natural aggregates or fibers in the geopolymers is the use of wood waste. The wood flour, chips, or fibers coming from end-of-life furniture or construction and demolition waste can be incorporated into the composition of geopolymers to achieve lighter products and, most importantly, to reduce the use of virgin raw materials. However, when combining inorganic and organic materials into a product that should withstand thousands or hundreds of years, the exhaustive evaluation of the behavior of the obtained composites is very challenging. The current literature mainly approaches the influence of the wood type and amount on the main properties of the geopolymers, but a deep evaluation of the long-term behavior of these wood-aluminosilicate mixtures is still necessary. The current study presents a brief overview of the research conducted on the effect of wood addition on the compressive strength, flexural strength, physical properties, microstructure, and durability of geopolymers. Accordingly, it was concluded that low amounts of wood particles will increase the compressive strength of geopolymer composites. However, the wood presence may result in a slight decrease in durability due to water absorption and the higher porosity of the resulting composite compared to the geopolymer without wood content. Moreover, the current challenges, opportunities, and limitations were identified.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

D.D. Burduhos Nergis
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
P. Vizureanu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
A.V. Sandu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Prof. D. Mangeron Street, No. 41, 700050, Iasi, Romania
  2. Romanian Inventors Forum, Sf. P. Movila 3, Iasi, Romania

Abstrakt

The electrochemical formation of phosphate thin coatings on aluminum alloy АА1050 has been studied. The mass/thicknesses of the films were determined by gravimetrical measurements at different conditions: concentration of the working solutions 2.0- 11.0 vol.%; duration of the processes 1.0-10.0 min; temperature in the range of 20.0-70.0°С; cathodic current densities 0.1- 0.5 Adm–2. The chemical elements containing in the phosphate coatings were determined by EDX-analysis. The morphology and topography of the coatings were studied by SEM. The corrosion behavior and the protective ability of the phosphate coatings are investigated by potentiodynamic polarization method (PDPM) and by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). It has been found that as the concentration, temperature and density of the polarizing cathode current density rises, the mass of the phosphate films increases – the thinner ones being dense and uniform, while the thicker ones are cracked. Mainly phosphorus, oxygen, molybdenum and nickel exist in the coatings and their amounts increase with temperature of the phosphating bath is raised while the Al content in the coatings reduces at the same conditions. The corrosion of the phosphated specimens increase slightly with a rise in the temperature of the solutions during their phosphating, when the cracks in the coatings and resp. the bare metal of the substrate increases. The uncoated specimen has lower barrier ability, while the phosphated has higher barrier ability in the corrosion medium. Keywords: Aluminum alloys; conversion coatings; phosphating; tin films; corrosion
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zdravka K. Djumailieva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dimka I. Fachikova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gergana P. Ilieva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tsvetelina L. Liubenova
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Faculty of Chemical Technology, 8 Kliment Ohridski Blvd., 1756 Sofia , Bulgaria

Abstrakt

The present paper presents a system for remote monitoring of the hydrodynamic and electrical parameters of the water course of a hydroelectric generator operating in a linear and floating mode. Research involving many components requires remote transfer and analysis, as it is carried out in conditions that are difficult for humans to access. Remote data transmission was selected as the preferred method due to the inability to directly measure the turbine elements as a complete unit. The data is obtained from the hydroelectric turbine’s generator using transducer elements, which convert it into digital signals. These signals are then encoded and transmitted wirelessly to a receiver on the shore. The receiver decodes the signals and processes them in real time. The resulting information is displayed on a computer monitor, allowing for timely decision-making when necessary. Efficient bidirectional data transmission is facilitated by a request/response communication protocol operating in half duplex mode. The authors provide a comprehensive account of the research methodology, research findings, and final conclusions derived from the experimental data, along with the unique contributions produced through this applied research.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Bogorin-Predescu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ș. Țîțu
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
A.M. Țîțu
4
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenței, București, Romania
  2. Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babeș Street, Cluj Napoca, Romania
  3. The Oncology Institute “Prof. dr Ion Chiricuță” Cluj Napoca, 34-36 Republicii Street, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  4. Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 10 Victoriei Street, Sibiu, Romania
  5. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, Armii Krajowej 19 Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Abstrakt

Alternative fuels can facilitate the green transition of the maritime sector over time, but there are constraints regarding the production capacity for the existing demand and the need to re-engineer the ships. This paper aims to analyze the types of alternative fuels currently available compatible with the maritime sector and the advantages and disadvantages they come with as well as the forecast of their use over time. In the context of current alternative technologies available, the alternative fuels analyzed in this paper are bio-fuels, electrofuels like e-hydrogen, e-ammonia and e-methanol, and electricity. The most reliable alternative solutions to conventional fuels in the maritime sector are concluded to be ammonia and hydrogen, while biofuels and renewable energy technologies are additionally used. The main challenges regarding the use of these fuels relate to infrastructure, safety, personnel training, costs and storage.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

A.M. Țîțu
1
ORCID: ORCID
A.-M. Moldoveanu
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 10 Victoriei Street, Sibiu, Romania
  2. National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenței, Bucharest, Romania
  3. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, Armii Krajowej 19 Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Abstrakt

Road freight transport is the most used means of transportation, due to convenience and adaptability. Therefore, this sector is predicted to continuously grow over the course of the years. However, internal-combustion engines used in road freight transport are responsible for a high proportion of the total air pollution. Determining the carbon footprint for organizations that operate within this specific industry represents a necessity from both environmental and economic points of view. The purpose of this paper is to calculate the carbon footprint of a freight transport organization and identify solutions that can be put into practice in order to decrease the level of CO2 emissions.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

A.M. Țîțu
1
ORCID: ORCID
A.-F. Iamandii
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 10 Victoriei Street, Sibiu, Romania
  2. National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independenței, București, Romania
  3. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, Armii Krajowej 19 Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Abstrakt

This study investigates the effect of cooling rate on the glass transition behavior of the Fe74B20Nb2Hf2Si2 soft magnetic amorphous alloy. Rectangular samples with two different dimensions, 70.0 mm × 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm, and 50.0 mm × 30.0 mm × 0.5 mm, were prepared and analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). XRD results confirmed the amorphous nature of the alloy, evidenced by a broad peak in the 2θ range of 35-50°. The glass-forming ability (GFA) parameters, including ΔTx = Tx Tg and Trx = Tx /Tg, were derived from DSC curves, where Tg represents the glass transition temperature and Tx denotes the crystallization onset temperature. A notable increase in ΔTx from 43 to 52 K was observed with a decreasing cooling rate, signifying enhanced structural stability in the sample with dimensions of 70.0 mm × 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm compared to the sample with dimensions of 50.0 mm × 30.0 mm × 0.5 mm. Additionally, the sample with dimensions of 70.0 mm × 1.0 mm × 1.0 mm exhibited lower free volume (FV = 141.2 J/g) and heat capacity (ΔCp = 0.037 J/g·K) compared to the sample with dimension of 50.0 mm × 30.0 mm × 0.5 mm (FV = 174.7 J/g and ΔCp = 0.145 J/g·K). These findings suggested that slower cooling rates contribute to the structural stability of the amorphous alloy by minimizing defects and lowering heat capacity, potentially improving its performance in magnetic applications.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

P. Rezaei-Shahreza
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Hasani
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Seifoddini
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Nabiałek
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Yazd University, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran
  2. Częstochowa University of Technology, Department of Physics, Armii Krajowej 19 Av., 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Abstrakt

This research investigates the effect of the homogenization process on the mechanical and magnetic properties of the 52Fe-28Cr-15Co-3Mo-2V alloy. The alloy was initially cast in a vacuum arc remelting (VAR) and then homogenized under vacuum at 1200°C for 10 h. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed that both the as-cast and homogenized samples consist of a single α phase. Nevertheless, variations in peak intensity indicated changes in grain orientation and texture. Vickers hardness measurements revealed a significant increase in hardness, from 279.14 to 494.24 Hv, resulting from the formation of a martensitic microstructure. Magnetic characterization demonstrated a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms) from 1.28 T in the as-cast sample to 1.04 T in the homogenized sample, attributed to the change in texture of the sample post-homogenization. Furthermore, coercivity (Hc) of the homogenized sample increased by 2904.58 A/m due to the formation of the martensitic phase, which can pin the magnetic domains.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

M. Kamali-Ardakani
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Hasani
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Mashreghi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Yazd University, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran

Abstrakt

This study investigates the microstructural characteristics and magnetic properties of the as-cast Fe-Co-14V alloy. Ingots of the Fe-Co-14V alloy were produced using vacuum arc remelting (VAR), and their microstructure was examined through optical microscopy (OM), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The magnetic properties were assessed using vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). The OM and FE-SEM micrographs and XRD patterns revealed that the room temperature microstructure of the as-cast Fe-Co-14V alloy is predominantly comprised of a vanadium-supersaturated austenite phase. Magnetic studies indicated that an increase in vanadium content leads to a decrease in saturation magnetization (Ms), accompanied by an increase in coercivity (Hc). The decrement in Ms is attributed to the presence of the paramagnetic austenite phase, while Hc is significantly influenced by the ability to rotate the wall of the magnetic domains.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Mokhtari Farsani
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Hasani
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Mashreghi
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Yazd University, Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering, 89195-741, Yazd, Iran

Autorzy i Afiliacje

F.F. Kamarzaman
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
M.M. Al Bakri Abdullah
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
M.R.R.M Arif Zaino
3
ORCID: ORCID
N.H. Jamil
1 4
ORCID: ORCID
Y. Mat Daud
1 2
W.M. Wan Ibrahim
1 4
ORCID: ORCID
H. Fansuri
5
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Universiti Sains Malaysia, River Engineering and Urban Drainage Research Centre (REDAC), 14300 Nibong Tebal,Penang, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
  5. Department of Chemistry, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia

Abstrakt

This study aimed to investigate and compare the effect of three different scanning rate laser beam heat treatments on WC-CrC-Ni coatings to identify if this method would increase the properties of coatings deposited by HVOF onto magnesium alloy substrate. The paper presents a preliminary investigation of the microstructure and selected properties of coatings deposited by thermal spraying HVOF using commercially available WC-CrC-Ni powder and then laser treated with different values of the laser scanning rate (YLS-4000). After laser heat treatment, the coatings were investigated regarding microstructure features and selected properties such as microhardness and dry sliding wear. The results reveal that the porosity of the laser-treated coatings had reduced in all samples while microhardness and surface roughness (Ra) strongly improved after laser treatment.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

E. Jonda
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Dziekońska
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Sroka
1
ORCID: ORCID
W. Pakieła
1
ORCID: ORCID
T. Jung
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Silesian University of Technology, Department of Engineering Materials and Biomaterials, 18A Konarskiego Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  2. Lukasiewicz Research Network – Upper Silesian Institute of Technology, 12 K. Miarki Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Abstrakt

The article presents numerical calculations of the variable heat flow during fire exposure based on the standard fire curve. The aim of the work was to analyse the temperature distributions in cross-sections for various methods of strengthening wooden beams using steel elements glued into the cross-section. Many historic timber elements, where reinforcement was necessary, were repaired using various steel elements. The most commonly used reinforcements were steel plates and rods glued into the cross-section in various configurations. Historic timber elements are particularly sensitive to fire. Since steel has a high thermal conductivity and timber is a flammable material, an important aspect of steel-reinforced structures is the knowledge of heat flow and, consequently, temperature distributions in the cross-section determining the cross-section combustion rate. In this work, a thermal numerical analysis was carried out in the ANSYS program for six variants of beams reinforced in different configurations with steel elements. The calculation results for the reinforced beams were compared with the unreinforced beam by analysing temperature distributions in the cross-section, charring depth, and charring rate. Based on the calculations, it can be seen that the reinforcement of wooden beams with the use of steel elements does not adversely affect the temperature distributions and charring rate. If properly performed, the reinforcement of wooden beams using steel elements should not increase the risk of faster destruction of the structure during a fire.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

D. Jończyk
ORCID: ORCID

Abstrakt

The results of the analysis of the influence of the content of elemental admixtures in hyperelastic materials on their mechanical properties were included in this paper. Rubber-based materials are often used in engineering practice. However, modelling these materials is a complex and time-consuming task. The aim of the research described in this paper was to demonstrate the relationship between the content of admixtures of elements from groups of hyperelastic materials of different hardness and tensile strength. The samples for testing were selected in a way that allowed testing of a wider group of incompressible materials. The tests proposed in the work included sample preparation and determination of the hardness of rubbers of selected groups. The first stage of the work included testing the chemical composition of selected rubber types in order to determine the concentration of admixtures. The next stage included conducting uniaxial tensile tests. The results of the comparative analysis were presented in a graphical and descriptive manner. The work showed that the level of element admixtures has an effect on the mechanical properties of hyperelastic materials.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Jaskot
1
ORCID: ORCID
P. Palacz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Czestochowa University of Technology, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, 3 Akademicka Str., 42-201 Czestochowa, Poland

Abstrakt

The Cu₄₃Zr₄₃Ag₇Al₇ alloy was obtained in an amorphous form through inert gas spray forming, followed by separation using a tower cyclone gas separator. The resulting spherical particles were about 11 μm in size. The consolidation of the powder was carried out using two distinct methods. First, Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) was performed under a pressure of 35 MPa at two temperatures: 750°C and 900°C. Second, the High-Pressure High-Temperature (HPHT) method was applied, utilizing a toroidal-type Bridgman apparatus at about 560°C under a pressure of 7.8 GPa. In both processes, the consolidation duration was one minute. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) analyses revealed distinct differences in the crystallization behavior of the alloy. SPS processing led to complete crystallization, resulting in the formation of Zr₂Cu, Ag₂Al, and Cu₁₀Zr₇ crystalline phases. In contrast, the HPHT method significantly delayed crystallization, with only nanocrystalline nuclei observed within the amorphous matrix. Additionally, the application of high pressure in the HPHT process resulted in lower porosity and higher hardness compared to the SPS method.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ł. Rogal
1
ORCID: ORCID
Z. Kobylarz
1
M. Godlewski
1
P. Klimczyk
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Podsiadło
2
J. Kasprzycki
1
ORCID: ORCID
G. Garzel
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Jarzemska
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Szczerba
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Szlezynger
1
ORCID: ORCID
L. Lityńska-Dobrzyńska
1
ORCID: ORCID
L. Dembinski
3
A. Sypień
1
ORCID: ORCID
J. Dutkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Łukasiewicz Research Network – Krakow Institute of Technology, Krakow, Poland
  3. SITE UTBM, Département ICB – CO2M, BELFORT CEDEX, France

Abstrakt

In the Al-1.0%Cu-0.96%Mg-0.36%Si alloy, it has been found that pre-aging before deformation is very important in controlling the precipitation characteristics of the alloy during the subsequent artificial aging process. Pre-aging temperature significantly affects these properties by causing changes in the main precipitates, while the alloy composition influences the overall material behavior. For the detailed pre-aging temperature investigations, the mechanical tests, the dislocation density evolution, and the microstructure changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Vickers hardness measurement. The conclusions provide that the hardness and dislocation density increase as the pre-aging temperature goes up. In this work, the deformation with the precipitation formation in the pre-aging period may enable such changes in the predominant precipitation in artificial aging.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ngoc Hai Vu
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Lee
1
T. Tsuchiya
1
T. Katsumi
2
K. Kita
2
K. Matsuda
1

  1. University of Toyama, Graduate School of Science and Engineering for Research, Japan
  2. Machinery and Engineering Group, YKK Corporation, Japan

Abstrakt

In order to understand the initial magnetic properties of graphene, we have performed density functional theory based calculations to investigate the effect of Fe atom adsorption on graphene and the graphene-Fe stacked structure. The surface structure is modeled as a graphene layer with a vacuum region, and Fe atoms placed on the surface. In the stacked structure, alternating layers of graphene and Fe are arranged. All calculations were performed with the generalized gradient approximation of Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof for the exchange-correlation functional and the projector-augmented wave method. According to our calculations, with increasing surface Fe coverage, the graphene surface becomes activated, reaching a peak at a specific coverage. Furthermore, in comparison to the stacked structure, one structure was found to be activated and magnetic, indicating that it was activated by Fe adsorption on the surface. Our results show that Fe atoms influence adsorption on the graphene surface.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tomoya Yoshida
1
ORCID: ORCID
Norio Nunomura
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Toyama, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyama, Toyama, Japan
  2. University of Toyama, Department of Materials Design and Engineering, Toyama, Japan

Abstrakt

In this study, TiO₂@Ni/NiO quasi core-shell nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using solution plasma for future photocatalytic applications. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that all samples contained TiO₂, Ni, and NiO. Scanning and scanning transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the quasi core-shell NPs were spherical with smooth surfaces and consisted of larger TiO₂ NPs partially covered by smaller Ni/NiO NPs. Transmission electron microscopy images showed degradation of PVP forming visible solid precipitates at 0.25% (w/v) PVP concentration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that the N 1s peak at 399.3–400.1 eV is contributed by nitrogen atom in the PVP molecule. The optimal PVP concentration was determined to be in the range of 0.05%–0.15% (w/v) PVP; a higher concentration of 0.25% (w/v) PVP led to degradation of PVP.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mohd Azri Azizi Bin Ismail
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yuki Nakagawa
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tamaki Shibayama
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Hokkaido University, Graduate School of Engineering, N13 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
  2. Hokkaido University, Faculty of Engineering, N13 W8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan

Abstrakt

This work deals with the explanation, through multiscale microstructural investigations, of the strengthening mechanism in Al/TiC in-situ cast composites. The strengthening effects related to the number and size of TiC particles, grain refinement of the matrix, and the lattice mismatch between the Al and TiC crystal lattices were explained based on two composites containing 5 and 15 wt.% TiC, respectively. The microstructural investigations were supported by tensile test, hardness, and abrasive wear resistance measurements. It has been shown that the addition of 15 wt.% of TiC particles to the aluminium matrix is more beneficial for mechanical properties and wear resistance than 5 wt.%, despite the intensified clustering process of TiC particles.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

W. Maziarz
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Chulist
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Wójcik
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Szewczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
N. Poręba
1
M. Szlezynger
1
ORCID: ORCID
S. Sobula
2
ORCID: ORCID
P. Kurtyka
3
ORCID: ORCID
E. Olejnik
2 3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
  2. AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Foundry Engineering, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  3. Innerco Sp. z o.o., Krakow, Poland

Abstrakt

The reverse phase transition from hexagonal close-packed (hcp) to face-centered cubic (fcc) was studied using diffraction of high-energy synchrotron radiation and hardness measurements on the CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy deformed by high-pressure torsion (HPT) at 77 K under 10 GPa quasi-hydrostatic pressure. Cryogenic HPT leads to a nanocrystalline structure and induces a phase transition from fcc to hcp. To determine the stability of the hcp phase, the material was annealed at temperatures between 473 K and 973 K for 2 h. Annealing initially results in the reverse transition to the fcc phase, followed by precipitation of body-centered cubic (bcc), fcc and then tetragonal particles. The volume fractions of particular phases over the entire temperature range were calculated using Rietveld refinement. During annealing, the reverse phase transformation takes place along with grain growth and reduction in dislocation density, surprisingly leading to an increase in hardness. This phenomenon indicates an inverse Hall-Petch effect.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

R. Chulist
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
N. Poręba
1 2
W. Skrotzki
3
ORCID: ORCID
A. Wójcik
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Szewczyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
N. Schell
4
ORCID: ORCID
A. Hohenwarter
5
ORCID: ORCID
R. Pippan
5
ORCID: ORCID
W. Maziarz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 Reymonta Str., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
  2. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, Al. A. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  3. Technische Universität Dresden, Institute of Solid State and Materials Physics, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
  4. Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany
  5. Department of Materials Science, Montanuniversität Leoben, Jahnstrasse 12, 8700 Leoben, Austria

Abstrakt

This study presents the results of experimental and analytical tests on the corrosion resistance of binary (Ge50Sn50, Ag50Sn50, Ag50Ge50) and ternary (Ag-Ge-Sn) alloys in 3% NaCl, as well as the microstructure, hardness, and electrical properties of the selected ternary Ag-Ge-Sn alloys. Alloys were prepared and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brinell hardness testing, and electrical conductivity measurements. Corrosion resistance was evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (Tafel plots) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), with data fitted using DC Corrosion Technique and Gamry Echem Analyst software. The mechanical properties of the samples are strongly influenced by their phase composition. The study also includes the calculation of the equilibrium phase diagram of the Ag-Ge-Sn system at 25 and 500°C using the Calphad method and the Pandat program. By comparing predicted isothermal sections and experimental results, a good agreement has been reached. Hardness and electrical conductivity values were measured and predicted across the full composition range using an appropriate mathematical model.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Djordjević
1
M. Čolović
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Zečević
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Tošković
2
ORCID: ORCID
D. Minić
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Prishtina in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Technical Science, Knjaza Miloša 7, Serbia
  2. University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Technology, Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Abstrakt

This paper investigated the yield strength anomaly (YSA) in Inconel 718 superalloy through tensile and microstructure experiments. The study analyzed the flow behavior, examined fracture morphology, discussed dislocation distribution, and developed an adaptive constitutive model. Results show that both intermediate temperature brittleness and YSA occur at 700-800℃ and strain rates of 0.01-1 s–1. This phenomenon is attributed to the influence of the intensity and content of the γ' phase on dislocation slip, reflecting the Kear-Wilsdorf locking mechanism. In addition, the fracture characteristics and dislocation distribution vary with temperature and strain rate. The modified Johnson-Cook model effectively predicts yield strength and plastic deformation, with advantages in wide temperature applicability (25-1000°C) and explicit YSA incorporation.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Min Zhang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chun Xue
1
ORCID: ORCID
Chuanchuan Ma
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tuo Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zhibing Chu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Leifeng Tuo
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan 030024, China

Abstrakt

Organic coatings often face limitations in providing enhancement of corrosion protection in aggressive environments. This study introduces a multifunctional Graphene oxide and zinc oxide embedded in chitosan (CGZ) composite incorporated into an epoxy (EP) matrix to enhance the antibacterial activity, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance of carbon steel substrates. Structural and morphological characterization successfully addresses the fabrication of CGZ composite. SEM images reveal that the CGZ composite possesses a more compact and less porous structure than pure chitosan. Tafel plots also indicate that increasing the zinc oxide weight percentage in the chitosan matrix shifts the corrosion potential (Ecorr) towards more positive values, enhancing the anticorrosion performance due to the combined effects of ZnO and GO and the composite’s reduced porosity. Moreover, the antibacterial testing demonstrating a moderate antibacterial effect against E. coli and S. aureus in contrast to the zero-impact observed with pure chitosan. These findings suggest that the CGZ composite is a promising material for various applications, significantly improving chitosan alone.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Y. Albarqouni
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
E. Banius
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.R. Thalji
3
ORCID: ORCID
A. Bin Abdullah
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, 26300, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
  2. University-Gaza, Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar, 1277, Palestine
  3. Korea Institute of Energy Technology (KENTECH), 21 KENTECH-gil, Naju, Jeollanam-do, 58330, Republic of Korea

Abstrakt

The article solves the scientific and technical problem of studying the effect of vibration loads on the phase structure of the material and the durability of a centrifugal pump. It was found that the natural frequencies of the impeller (>100 Hz) are 75% higher than the operating speed of the structure (25 Hz), which indicates sufficient rigidity of the wheel structure for the selected materials 12Cr7Mn3SiC. The scientific novelty is represented by the established dependences of changes in the frequency range of vibrations leading to the formation of stresses, a decrease in the physico-mechanical properties of the phase structure of the material from dynamic loads of different forms of vibrations. The optimal range of permissible frequency oscillations of the system and the object that are not in the resonant state is justified. The theoretical significance is reflected in the systematization of structural and frequency-vibration factors affecting the formation of fatigue stress concentrations and the origin of microcracks in the phase structure of perlite. At a distance of 3 mm from the crack, a transition to a more dispersed structure is established, the characteristic size of ferritic grains decreases to 5-10 μm. It was found that at a distance of less than 100 μm from the crack, the hardness increases (~240 HV for ferrite and ~260 HV for perlite). Thus, cyclic loads of vibrational frequencies led to grain grinding, an increase in hardness and the appearance of a crack in the most loaded part of some samples. The acquired knowledge allows us to predict defects with high accuracy at the stage of pre-destruction of the molecular bonds of the material structure.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

O.V. Ivanova
1 2
V.V. Savinkin
1 2
A.K. Tuleshov
1
A.V. Sandu
3 4 5 6
ORCID: ORCID
P. Vizureanu
3 7
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Joldasbekov Institute of Mechanics and Engineering; 28, Shevchenko Str., Almaty, 050010, Kazakhstan
  2. North Kazakhstan University, Transport and Mechanical Engineering Department, 86, Pushkin Street, Petropavlovsk, 150000, Kazakhstan
  3. Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iași, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Boulevard D. Mangeron, No. 51, 700050 Iași, Romania
  4. Romanian Inventors Forum, Str. P. Movila 3, 700089 Iasi, Romania
  5. National Institute for Research and Development for Environmental Protection INCDPM, 294 Splaiul Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
  6. Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Splaiul Independentei St., Sect. 5, 050094 Bucharest, Romania; Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania
  7. Technical Sciences Academy of Romania, Dacia Blvd 26, 030167 Bucharest, Romania

Abstrakt

The influence of V and Cr on the weight gain due to oxidation of Fe-V alloy from vanadium slag at 800℃ was studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy coupled to an energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were employed to observe and analyze the oxidation products and surface morphology of Fe-V alloys. The results indicate that the oxidation kinetics curve of the Fe-V alloy, after undergoing 180 minutes of oxidation at 800 ℃, follows a linear trend. Moreover, the oxidation process is determined by the reaction rate of oxide formation. The oxidation products are Fe2O3, (Fe0.6Cr0.4)2O3, and CrVO4. The thickness of the oxide layer gradually increases with an increase in the V content. The oxide layer thickness of Fe-11V is the largest, approximately three times that of Fe-7V. Both the porous oxide layer structure and microcracks on the surface of the oxidation products play an important role in the sustained oxidation of Fe-V alloy. This work is useful for understanding the oxidation resistance of the alloy at high temperature.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yanchao Bai
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Weibin Wang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Wei Wang
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Henan University of Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Luoyang 471023, China
  2. State Key Laboratory of Light Superalloys, Luoyang, 471023, China

Abstrakt

The research aims to evaluate the level of perception of tactile and visual characteristics of digital protective textiles materials compared with the same materials in physical format. First, the materials were scanned using the TAC 7 system and their appearance was captured in a unique digital format. Next, the digital materials were processed using Keyshot rendering software and a number of three different digital evaluation scenarios were defined: S1-image, S2-video animation and S3-3D object, where it is possible to rotate and enlarge/shrink the material, the fourth evaluation scenario is represented by the physical materials. In the last stage, by applying a questionnaire based on a Likert rating scale from 1 to 7, data were collected from 24 subjects regarding the levels of perception of tactile and visual characteristics (subjective perception) of digital and physical materials, in each of the four mentioned scenarios. Boxplot diagrams were used to evaluate the subjects’ level of agreement on the perception of materials characteristics and the Friedman test was applied to evaluate and compare the perception from the three digital scenarios with the perception of physical materials from the fourth scenario. The results show a lower degree of agreement for digital materials compared to the physical ones and highlighted glossiness, colour and transparency having the highest level of agreement in all scenarios. Correlations between the materials’ attributes were high between softness, draping, elasticity and thermal sensation. Comparative analysis between scenarios highlights the difficulty of transposing tactile attributes into digital format compared with the visual attributes.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

V. Bocancea
1
ORCID: ORCID
I.E. Marin
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.C. Loghin
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Industrial Design and Business Management, „Gheorghe Asachi“ Technical University of Iasi

Abstrakt

In this work, we represent for the first time a study on h-YMnO3 oxide in the para-electric phase using ab initio calculations, including equation of state, mechanical stability, electronic, magnetic and elastic properties. This theoretical study has been conducted using the full potential-linearized augmented plane wave method (FP-LAPW) within the framework of density functional theory (DFT). We also used the Tran-Blaha modified Becke-Johnson (TB-mBJ) for band structure calculations, as implemented in the wien2k code. Our calculations including internal atomic relaxations are in very good agreement with the available experimental data. Spin-polarized electronic band structure exhibits semiconductor behavior with a low band gap observed equal to 0.4 eV. The calculated elastic constants Cij confirm the mechanical stability of our oxide. The estimated anisotropy factors show that h-YMnO3 has a strong anisotropic character. To our knowledge, this is the first theoretical study on h-YMnO3 oxide in paraelectric phase, which still awaits experimental confirmations.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

I. Chadli
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Chadli
2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Cheriet
3
ORCID: ORCID
B. Lagoun
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. University of Mohamed Khider, Matter Sciences Department, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
  2. University of Mohamed Khider, LARHYSS Laboratory, 07000, Biskra, Algeria
  3. University of Amar Telidji, LPCM Laboratory, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria
  4. University of Amar Telidji, LPM Laboratory, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria

Abstrakt

In this study, biochar derived from coconut shell biomass was synthesized by pyrolysis reaction with chemical activation using Potassium hydroxide (KOH). The biomass was carbonized by heating at low temperature 300°C for 3 hours with KOH content varied at 10 wt.%, 20 wt.%, and 30 wt.%. The effect of weight ratio between biomass and KOH on the characterization and structure of the biochar was investigated. An increase in the KOH content caused the change in the chemical composition and surface morphology of the biochar. The properties of raw material and biochar were examined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). When the content of KOH was changed in the range from 10 wt.% to 30 wt.%, the biochar had uniform porosity distribution with pore size around 0.5 μm and K2CO3 crystal equally distributed on the biochar surface. The synthesized biochar had porous structure with high K+ cation content, which was applicable for K-rich fertilizer for soil amendment, adsorbent for heavy metals, and carbon fuel in combustion processes.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bui Thi Thao Nguyen
1 2
Ngo Quan Tran
1 2 3 4
Trung Kien Pham
1 2 3 4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  2. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  3. Polymer Research Center, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  4. VNU-HCM Key Laboratory for Material Technologies, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstrakt

In this study, the tempering behavior of two nanostructured bainitic steels of composition Fe-1C-2Si (Alloy1) and Fe-1C-2Si-2Cu-1Ni (Alloy2) is examined and compared. The alloys were homogenized, austenitized, and isothermally held at 300°C for 12 h and 24 h, respectively. Then they were tempered at 350-500°C for 30-240 min and investigated in terms of microstructure and hardness. It was observed that Alloy2 exhibited superior thermal stability in comparison to Alloy1. Moreover, the hardness of Alloy2 increased steadily up to a peak value under the conditions where the hardness of Alloy1 decreased gradually. The secondary hardening peaks were attributed to copper precipitation, which was evidenced by TEM investigation.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Zeynep Öztürk Taş
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ali Kalkanlı
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bilgehan Ögel
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Middle East Technical University, Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ankara, Turkey

Abstrakt

To obtain high strength and high electrical conductivity, precipitation-strengthened Cu-Cr-Zr alloys are treated by heat treatment and mechanical treatment. The effects of rolling temperature, recrystallization, and aging treatment on the microstructure evolution, mechanical properties, and electrical conductivity of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy were investigated in detail. The results indicated that the optimal comprehensive performance of tensile strength (595.9 MPa), percentage elongation (14.35%), hardness 202.60 HV, and electric conductivity (77.1% IACS) was obtained by cold rolling and aging at 450℃ for 1 hour. It was found that the precipitates inhibit the formation of recrystallized grains. The improvement of tensile strength, hardness, and conductivity of the Cu-Cr-Zr alloy is mainly attributed to aging strengthening, and the advancement of elongation is primarily attributed to recrystallization. Mechanical properties and electrical conductivity of the alloy after aging treatment are improved, indicating that proper aging treatment is helpful in obtaining better properties of Cu-Cr-Zr alloy.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yan Peng
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Qiao Yihui
1 2
Zu Guoqing
3 2
ORCID: ORCID
Zhao Yu
1 2
Liu Fengjian
4
Ye Fan
5
Zou Haohao
1 2
Ran Xu
1 2

  1. Changchun University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Changchun 130012, PR China
  2. Changchun University of Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun 130012, PR China
  3. Changchun University of Technology, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Advanced Structural Materials, Changchun 130012, PR Chin
  4. Unique Rail Transit Technology Co., LTD, Changchun 130012, PR China
  5. Jilin Shengda Cable Co. LTD, Changchun 130012, PR China

Abstrakt

Copper coatings are valued for their protective, decorative, and antibacterial properties, driving their market growth. Traditional electroless copper baths use cupric sulphate (CuSO4) and carcinogenic formaldehyde (HCOOH), which harms the environment and humans. This study proposes sodium hypophosphite (NaH2PO4·H2O) as an eco-friendly reducer for nickel-substrate copper deposition. Three plating process variables were optimized for successful copper plating: sodium hypophosphite concentration (0.55 M-0.75 M), bath pH (9.5-12.5) and temperature (65-90°C). Next, the deposited coatings underwent the microstructural and chemical analyses using scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry followed by roughness determination by atomic force microscopy. Based on them, the optimum conditions for effective electroless copper plating were identified, ensuring an environmentally safer alternative for classic formaldehyde-based electroless baths.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

I. Kwiecien
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Bigos
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Janusz-Skuza
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Szczerba
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Bugajska
1
ORCID: ORCID
A. Wierzbicka-Miernik
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Dyner
2
ORCID: ORCID
A. Misztela
2
ORCID: ORCID
D. Veselinov
3
ORCID: ORCID
H. Skulev
3
ORCID: ORCID
J. Wojewoda-Budka
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, 25 W. Reymonta Str., 30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. CHIRMED – Manufacture of Surgical and Medical Instruments, Mstowska 8a, 42-240 Rudniki, Poland
  3. Institute of Metal Science, Equipment and Technologies with Hydro- and Aerodynamics Centre “Acad. A. Balevski”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Bulgaria

Abstrakt

Al-Zn-Mg alloys are known for their high strength-to-weight ratio. This study focuses on the changes in mechanical and microstructural properties in an alloy with a low Zn/Mg ratio. Micro Vickers hardness results showed that the alloy reached peak hardness during optimal aging, then gradually softened, which is typical of over-aging. TEM analysis focusing on the <110>Al revealed precipitates such as η, η', T, and T' phases that evolved as aging progressed. Initially, the precipitates couldn’t be observed, and by peak aging, the coexisting of η, η', T, and T' phases became dominant, playing a major role in the hardness. As the aging continued, the precipitates grew, while the number density decreased. This study offers insight into how precipitate phases affect the strength and properties of Al-Zn-Mg alloys when exposed to high temperatures.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wanlalak Sanphiboon
1
ORCID: ORCID
Takaaki Yagi
1
Abrar Ahmed
1
Vu Ngoc Hai
1
Taiki Tsuchiya
2
Seungwon Lee
2
Norio Nunomura
2
ORCID: ORCID
Satoshi Murakami
2
Susumu Ikeno
3
Karin Shibata
4
Hiroaki Matsui
4
Tomoo Yoshida
4
ORCID: ORCID
Kenji Matsuda
2

  1. University of Toyama, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyama, Japan
  2. University of Toyama, Faculty of Sustainable Design, Toyama, Japan
  3. Professor Emeritus, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
  4. Aisin Keikinzoku Co., LTD, 12-3, Toyama, Japan

Abstrakt

The scope of the study is to investigate the microstructure, electrophysical properties, and amplitude-dependent behavior of internal friction and shear modulus in phosphorus-doped monocrystalline n-Si and n-Si+0.5 at.% Ge alloy, both in their initial state and after irradiation with 60Co-gamma photons. Additionally, the regularities of changes in critical strain amplitude will be examined. Metallographic study showed that the dislocation density on the (111) crystallographic planes of the samples range from 104 to 5×104 cm–2. Irradiation by 60Co gamma photons does not cause significant changes in the density and distribution of dislocations. It was established that in test n-Si sample gamma photons irradiation increases the electrical resistivity by 15-20%, reduces the concentration of current carriers by 8-10 times, and increases their mobility by 1.5-times. Such changes were relatively weakly detected in the tested SiGe alloy. Under conditions of torsional oscillation frequencies of 0.5-5.0 Hz and strain amplitude of 10-5 to 5×10-3 at room temperature, an increase in critical strain amplitude by 15-20% was determined in irradiated samples. The effect of radiation hardening was more clearly observed in the n-Si+0.5 at.% Ge alloy. The possible mechanisms of changes of physical-mechanical characteristics have been analyzed. Established regularities in the changes of electrical and physical-mechanical characteristics in Si-Ge alloys irradiated by gamma photons can be applied in the development of radiation-stable, high-efficiency semiconductor devices.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ia Kurashvili
1
ORCID: ORCID
G. Darsavelidze
1
ORCID: ORCID
E. Sanaia
1
ORCID: ORCID
G. Chubinidze
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Kadaria
1
ORCID: ORCID
N. Gogolashvili
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ilia Vekua Sukhumi Institute of Physics and Technology, Tbilisi, Georgia

Abstrakt

Alkaline reactivity characterizes the dissolution and reactive capacity of a solid material in alkaline media. The results are of significance in the development of technology for geopolymers obtaining based on the studied raw materials. However, no validated analytical procedure for estimation of alkaline reactivity of coal combustion by-products and mine tailing exists. It imposed the development of specific procedure for analysis and its verification. This report presents a procedure based on ICP-OES measurement of the concentration of Al, Si and Ca in alkali solution. Some problems of the analysis were successfully addressed, as a high salt content of leachates, and the procedure was verified applying a reference laboratory approach. The alkaline reactivity was studied as a function of time at 6.5 M NaOH during 48 h. Additionally, to reactive silica determination, the study was extended to reactive alumina and calcium, as these components contribute to the development of geopolymer matrix. To estimate the percentage of dissolved Al, Si and Ca detailed precise data about chemical composition of raw materials were required. To achieve it, samples components were determined by ICP-OES after digestion in acid oxidizing medium, combined with alkali fusion for silica determination, as well as loss of ignition and humidity determination. In contrast to the approach, usually reported in the literature, presenting the alkaline reactivity as a concentration of dissolved ions in the alkaline solution, in this study we proposed a new procedure. Alkaline reactivity was estimated: by a percentage of dissolved component in mg per kg dry sample. This approach allowed comparability of the data between various laboratories, procedures or raw materials. Moreover, the approach allowed the relative ratio between reactive components to be calculated.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

A. Surleva
1
ORCID: ORCID
D. Ilieva
1
ORCID: ORCID
L. Angelova
1

  1. University of Chemical Technology and Metallurgy, Analytical Chemistry Dep., 8 Kl. Ohridski Str., blvd., 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria

Abstrakt

Ceramic tiles are among the most commonly used ceramic products. However, the excessive consumption of natural resources poses a significant challenge for this industry. This article presents test results using 0-20 wt.% fly ash as a raw material for producing ceramic tiles fired at 1150°C. Fly ash serves as an alternative to traditional raw materials. The findings demonstrated that a fly ash content of 7.5 wt.% was optimal, resulting in the highest bending strength (45.10 MPa) and favorable values for other parameters, including volumetric density (2.41 g/cm³), actual density (2.48 g/cm³), apparent density (2.43 g/cm³), and water absorption (0.28%), all of which remained within permissible limits. Analysis using X-ray Diffraction and Differential Scanning Calorimetry revealed that the primary mineral constituents of the product are quartz, mullite, fayalite, sillimanite, and albite. Notably, fly ash plays a pivotal role in facilitating mullite formation.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

D.Q. Minh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
N.V.U. Nhi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
L.T.Q. Anh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
K.D.T. Kien
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Faculty of Materials Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Str., Ward 14, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  2. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstrakt

The magnesium alloy AZ91 is widely used in the aviation and automotive industries, where high mechanical properties combined with low density are required. Searching for new, advanced deformation methods in these industries is also essential. Therefore, the presented fundamental research is applied to the continuous rotary extrusion (CRE) process of AZ91 alloy, which is being introduced to industrial applications as a wrought alloy. In this process, magnesium alloy rods were continuously extruded using two types of dies, and their physical properties were examined and compared to rods extruded using the traditional direct extrusion (DE) method. The results indicate changes in the crystallographic orientation, texture, and degree of recrystallization of rods extruded in the CRE process to rods directly extruded from the AZ91 alloy. Significant changes in crystallographic orientation, surface texture, and crystallographic texture asymmetry for rods extruded with both types of CRE dies have been observed compared to the DE rods. The share of the recrystallized grain fraction for the CRE rods obtained using two kinds of dies was relatively uniform on the rod’s cross-section. In contrast, in the case of DE rods, the differences between the surface and the center of the rod were more visible. The obtained results indicate different local deformation conditions within the processed material.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

M. Mitka
1
ORCID: ORCID
W.Z. Misiołek
2
ORCID: ORCID
K. Limanówka
1
ORCID: ORCID
M. Lech-Grega
1
R. Skrzyńska
1
ORCID: ORCID
W. Szymański
1

  1. Łukasiewicz Research Network/Institute of Non-Ferrous Metals/Light Metals Center, Skawina, Poland
  2. Lehigh University/Loewy Institute, Bethlehem, PA, USA

Abstrakt

Calcium Silicate Hydrate (CSH) mineral has long been highlighted as a material with many potential applications, especially in the fields of construction and environmental protection, thanks to its special physical and mechanical properties such as durability, high surface area, low cost. In this study, synthesizing CSH by taking advantage of available waste from Industrial products and Rockwool household appliances, acting as the main raw material to form CSH minerals in the hydrothermal environment. Polyisocyanurate (PIR) has a construction application as a stable layer of fireproof insulation. PIR and Rockwool affect the environment when out of service, this study takes advantage of PIR to make the filler in CSH material synthesized from Rockwool to solve the environmental problems. In this research, the effect of mixing ratio (wt.%) of PIR to Rockwool with different ratio such as 100/0; 66/34; 34/66 and 0/100 on the forming of CSH were investigated. The microstructure of obtained CSH were studied to understand the chemical forming of CSH. Conduct an analysis of FT-IR to determine the chemical bonds in CSH and XRD menthods to determine the phase and crystal components. In addition, the SEM and EDX methods are conducted to determine the surface microstructure as well as the elemental composition of CSH material. This research also summarizes the ability to synthesize industrial and civil waste sources containing silicon and calcium and suggest the aggregate potential from various waste sources.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tran Ngo Quan
1 2 3 4
Bui Thi Thao Nguyen
1 2
Pham Trung Kien
1 2 3 4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  2. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  3. Polymer Research Center, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  4. VNU-HCM Key Laboratory for Material Technologies, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstrakt

In this study, the Taguchi experimental planning method was employed to evaluate the influence of three factors – dredged sediment content (30-70 wt.%), waste ceramic wool content (3-7 wt.%), and NaOH concentration in the alkaline activator solution (8-14 M) – on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar prepared with sea sand, brine, and hydrothermal curing. The results indicated that lower sediment content and moderate levels of ceramic wool and NaOH concentration within the investigated ranges enhanced compressive strength. A regression model was developed to predict compressive strength, demonstrating good agreement with experimental values. Based on the model, the maximum allowable dredged sediment content to achieve compressive strengths of 3.5 MPa and 20 MPa – corresponding to low- and high-strength grades according to the Vietnam national standard TCVN 6477:2016 for concrete bricks – was found to be 70 wt.% and 39 wt.%, respectively. This approach presents a promising solution for the sustainable treatment of dredged sediment while meeting construction performance requirements.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

T.T. Truc
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
H.N. Minh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
M.D. Phu
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
L.H. Huy
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
D.Q. Minh
1 2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Faculty of Materials Technology, Department of Silicate Materials, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
  2. Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Abstrakt

This review explores sustainable cement mortar production by examining palm kernel shells (PKS) as admixtures and the application of pre-hydration techniques. The environmental impact of traditional cement necessitates alternative materials. PKS, an agricultural waste product, offers a potential solution due to its availability and pozzolanic properties. Pre-hydration, involving controlled water addition before mixing, further improves mortar performance and reduce cement consumption. The results shows that PKS-based admixtures, when combined with pre-hydration technique, improve mortar strength, durability, and sustainability while reducing environmental impact. Future research should aim to optimize the PKS and pre-hydration techniques for various applications, and investigate the ability to use these methods in large-scale construction projects. These developments could lead to a more sustainable construction industry.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

H.A. Jabar
1
ORCID: ORCID
R. Embong
1
F.M. Yahaya
1
ORCID: ORCID
M.I. AlBiajawi
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Pahang, Malaysia
  2. Tsinghua University, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China

Abstrakt

Combustion significantly contributes to pollution, releasing harmful pollutants that can have detrimental effects on environmental and human health. Rice husk (RH), a by-product of rice milling, makes up about 20-22% of the weight of harvested rice. It primarily consists of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and a significant amount of silica. Traditionally seen as agricultural waste and often burned or discarded, rice husks have recently gained attention for their potential in industrial applications, especially for extracting silica. This review studies the effect of the chemical composition and properties of rice husks, focusing on the combustion used to obtain high-purity silica. It reviews how the combustion temperature, heating rate, and cooling rate influence the purity and phase of silica, highlighting the delicate balance required to produce either highly reactive amorphous silica or crystalline forms of silica. Additionally, will discuss the applications of both amorphous and crystalline silica across various industries, including construction, electronics, and agriculture, showing the sustainability and economic benefits of utilising rice husk-derived silica. By optimising the combustion process, we can improve the quality and functionality of the extracted silica, thus contributing to waste reduction and environmental sustainability.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Chong Kah Vui
1
ORCID: ORCID
Noorina Hidayu Jamil
1
ORCID: ORCID
Faizul Ch Pa
2
ORCID: ORCID
Wan Mohd Arif
2
ORCID: ORCID
Michael Lim
3
Mohd Mustaf Al Bakri Abdullah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Murizam Darus
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ruhiyuddin Mohd Zaki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hasan Zuhudi Abdullah
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering & Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  2. Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Faculty of Chemical Engineering & Technology, Perlis, Malaysia
  3. Technology Wood Sdn. Bhd., Lot 2889, Jalan Bukit Kuang, Kampung Batu Tiga, 08300, Gurun, Kedah, Malaysia
  4. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Department of Manufacturing Engineering, Malaysia

Abstrakt

SiC/SiC composites were subjected to creep testing at the temperature of 980 and 1100°C. The specimens were tested at maximum stress levels of 100, 150 and 200 MPa. Their microstructure after creep testing were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and the chemical composition was determined by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Electron Spectroscopy methods. To evaluate mechanical degradation, the modulus of elasticity (Young’s modulus) was determined from the stress-strain data during loading and unloading. All tested specimens were not ruptured after 200 hours of creep testing at 100 MPa, regardless of the temperature. However, at 980°C for the stress of 200 MPa creep specimens were ruptured between 33 and 106 hours, while at 1100°C, they were ruptured in less than 1 hour. It was concluded that the stress level of 200 MPa exceeded the fracture strength of the composite matrix. Analysis of the microstructure of the specimens subjected to creep testing at 1100°C revealed a large number of cracks in the matrix material, which facilitated oxygen penetration and ultimately led to the destruction of the matrix material.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

P. Zielińska
1 2
A. Kloc
2
ORCID: ORCID
M. Motyka
3
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Rzeszów University of Technology, Department of Materials Science, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland
  2. MTU Aero Engines Polska, Jasionka, Poland
  3. Rzeszów University of Technology, Department of Materials Forming and Processing, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 12, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland

Instrukcja dla autorów

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly journal of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, which has published continuously since 1954, scientific papers in English in the following fields: metallurgy and materials science, foundry, mechanical working of metals, thermal engineering in metallurgy, thermodynamic and physical properties of materials, phase equilibria in the broad context and diffusion.

In addition to the regular, original scientific papers and conference proceedings, invited reviews presenting the up-to-date knowledge and monothematic issues devoted to preferred areas of research will be published. Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form.

When preparing the manuscript, please pay attention to the following rules:

1. Manuscript submission

1.1. Electronic submission: All submissions must be made electronically via Editorial System https://www.editorialsystem.com/editor/amm/articles/list/?qt=NEW

1.2. Manuscript should not exceed 12 pages of full-size paper (A4), must be double spaced (please use 12 point font), with generous margins, and the pages must be numbered. Authors should submit an electronic file of their manuscript in Microsoft Word format (minimum: version 2000).

1.3. All manuscripts must be written in good English. Both British and U.S. English are acceptable but Authors should be consistent in their usage. It is sole responsibility of the Authors to make sure that the manuscript is grammatically correct and spell checked. Authors are strongly encouraged to have the manuscript proofread by a native speaker of English or a language professional, before it is submitted to the editorial office. Papers written in poor English will be automatically rejected without being subjected to review.

1.4. Authors should submit an electronic copy of final version of their paper in Microsoft Word format, schemes (sketches) and figures saved as .eps, .jpeg, or .tiff.

1.5. Articles submitted for publication should include abstract and maximum 5 key words.

1.6. Please adhere to the following order of presentation:

Author(s) with first names in full.

Affiliation(s): in a short form (Institution, City, Country). Use the superscripts (*, **, . . .) after the Authors’ names in case of different affiliations.

Title: All words in lower case (first letter of first word capitalized).

Abstract: maximum 10 lines, including primary objective, research design, methods and procedures, main outcomes and results, conclusions. Do not use abbreviations in the abstract.

Keywords: 5 maximum.

Main text: Begin on the second page with Introduction, followed by Experimental (Materials and Methods) and/or Theory section, Results, Discussion, and end with Conclusion section and Acknowledgement. When appropriate the Authors may choose to combine Results section and Discussion section into one Results and discussion section. Make sure the text in sections is divided logically into paragraphs. Use the decimal system for sections, subsections and (at the most) subsubsections, as exemplified in the headings of these instructions. All abbreviations should be spelled out the first time they are introduced in text or references. Thereafter the abbreviation can be used.

Appendices

References

Correspondence address: title, name, postal address, telephone and e-mail address of the corresponding Author.

Figure captions

Tables

2. Manuscript preparation

2.1. Formulae, equations and units

Formulae and equations should be typed on separate lines and numbered consecutively in parentheses on the right side (1) . . . (n). Vectors must be indicated as such. Size of symbols should be kept uniform for all equations in the manuscript. Formulae and equations should be referred to in the text as follows: Eq. (1). Numbers and units must be separated by a space, e.g. 5.5 wt.%, 273.15 K, 1013 MPa, etc. The only exception are angle degrees, e.g. 90°.

2.2. Figures

Figures are usually printed in reduced size and this should be taken into account when preparing them. This applies also to the photographs. For the best results, make sure that lettering on illustrations is at least 2 mm high after reduction. Figure captions should be typed on a separate page at the end of manuscript. The same refers to tables and all sorts of lists. The appropriate place of tables and figures in the text should be indicated by < Tab 1 > or written in separate line. Figures should be referred to in text as follows: Fig. 1. Each figure should have its own caption explaining the content without reference to the text. Line drawings will normally be printed in column width of 85 mm. After this reduction all figures should have the same final letter size of at least 2 mm. The style of labeling of the coordinates must be uniform for all drawings. The magnification must be indicated by a labeled scale marker on the micrograph itself, not drawn below it. For optimum printing quality micrographs should be saved as .eps or .tiff at a resolution of at least 300 dpi while line drawings at a resolution of at least 600 dpi.

2.3. Tables

Tables together with captions should be typed on separate page at the end of manuscript. Tables are to be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers in the text (TABLE 1 . . . n). The captions should explain the symbols used in the heading and in the left hand column. Tables should be referred to in the text as follows: TABLE 1.

2.4. References

A new type of literature provision has been in force since 2020 – modified vancouver style.
Please follow the instructions below.

References should be typed on separate pages and numbered consecutively applying the system accepted by the Quarterly (initials and names all authors, title of the article (obligatory), journal title [abbreviated according to the Journal Title Abbreviations of Web of Science: http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/ everyone abbreviation should be end with a dot – example. Arch. Metall. Mater.] or book title; journal volume or book publisher; page spread; publication year in bracket, full DOI number).

Please note the correct layout punctation (commas and periods), and spaces. Please note the arrangement of dots, commas and spaces.

First, we write the initial of the name, dot, space, surname, volume must be written BOLD, at the name   of the authors, do not write a word “and” write only a comma. We give the year of publication at the end of the sentence in brackets and DOI number (full notation and linked).

The use of DOI numbers (full notation and linked) is mandatory for each paper and should be formatted as shown in the examples below:

3. Samples

Journals:

[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer. Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2.

Books:

[4] K.U. Kainer (Ed.), Metal Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2006).

[5] K. Szacilowski, Infochemistry: Information Processing at the Nanoscale, Wiley (2012).

[6] L. Reimer, H. Kohl, Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation, Springer, New York (2008).

Proceedings or chapter in books with editor(s):

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major, P. Zięba (Eds.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Internet resource:

[8] https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/crystallographic-databases, accessed: 17.04.2017

Academic thesis (PhD, MSc):

[9] T. Mitra, PhD thesis, Modeling of Burden Distribution in the Blast Furnace, Abo Akademia University, Turku/Abo, Finland (2016).

 

3. Fee

We would like to inform the Authors that from July 1, 2024, the fee is increased and will amount to 300 EUR plus 23%VAT (1250 PLN net for authors with Polish affiliation).

4. Review and proofread process

4.1. Peer review process

All submitted manuscripts are subject to review by recognized experts appointed by the Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board. Authors are requested to provide in the editorial system the names and contact details (affiliations and valid e-mail addresses) of two experts who could act as reviewers. Only one of these names may be from the same country as the affiliation of the corresponding author. The decision to appoint a reviewer is solely at the editor's discretion. When the article requires corrections, the authors are required to respond in writing to the comments of the Editor and Reviewers and to make corrections to the manuscript. The decision to reject the article is made by the Editorial Board, and the final decision is made by the Editor, who may appoint another reviewer if necessary. The reviewers remain anonymous to the authors and their identity cannot be disclosed by the Editor.

 4.2. Submission of a revised manuscript

When a manuscript revision is requested, Authors should return a revised version of their manuscript to the editorial office as soon as possible. Acting quickly can ensure rapid publication if the article is finally accepted for publication in Arch Metall Mater. If this is the first revision of the article, Authors are requested to return the revised manuscript within 14 days. If this is the second revision, Authors are requested to return the revised manuscript within 7 days.

 4.3. Final revision

 Authors will receive a pdf file via the editorial system in the PROOF tab of the proof of the article in a version that is suitable for publication. This is the last opportunity to review the article before its publication on the journal's website, Czytelnia PAN platform and WoS. No changes or modifications can be made after publication. Therefore, authors are requested to thoroughly review the manuscript and prepare a separate document containing all changes that should be introduced.

5. Original version

Starting with issue 1 / 2000, volume 45, the Archive of Metallurgy and Materials is published in electronic form on the platform Reading Room PAS  as the original version (reference). The platform  Reading Room PAS sends files to WoS within 6 weeks of publication of the full content of a given issue. The printed version is printed by the Warsaw Scientific Printing House of the PAN.

6. Prevent cases of plagiarism

Readers should be sure that the authors present the results of their work transparently, fair and honest, regardless of whether they are the direct authors, or used the help of a specialized entity (natural or legal person). To prevent cases of plagiarism,  the Editorial Office will require that the Authors disclosed the contribution of individual Authors in the creation of manuscript (with their affiliations and contributions, i.e. the information who is responsible for: research concept and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, writing the manuscript) in the document "Ghostwriting statement paper".Funding sources (together with grant number) must also be revealed. The corresponding Author will bear the main responsibility for the manuscript. Detected cases will be exposed, including notifying the appropriate entities (institutions employing the Authors, scientific societies, associations of editors of scientific journals, etc.).

7. License type

Articles are printed in an open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.enThis license allows others to distribute, remix, modify and build upon the author's work, even commercially, as long as the author of the original work is attributed to him.

Submission of an article to the journal is unequivocal to expressing consent to the publication in both paper and electronic form.

 

 

 

Dodatkowe informacje

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is covered by the following services:


Arianta, Baidu Scholar, BazTech, Celdes, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - CAplus, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Current Contents/Engineering, Computing, and Technology, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Materials Science Citation Index, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Science Citation Index Expanded, CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), CNPIEC, DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), EBSCO (relevant databases), EBSCO Discovery Service, Elsevier - SCOPUS, Genamics JournalSeek, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, J-Gate, JournalTOCs, KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders), Microsoft Academic, Naviga (Softweco), Primo Central (ExLibris), ProQuest (relevant databases), ReadCube, ResearchGate, SCImago (SJR), Sherpa/RoMEO, Summon (Serials Solutions/ProQuest), TDNet, TEMA Technik und Management, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb, WanFang Data, WorldCat (OCLC)

Ta strona wykorzystuje pliki 'cookies'. Więcej informacji