Applied sciences

Archives of Acoustics

Description

Archives of Acoustics is an English-language peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishing original research papers from all areas of acoustics and abstracts from some specialised acoustical conferences. It gives free internet access to its full content (abstracts of research papers) to current issues.

Archives of Acoustics, the peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishes original research papers from all areas of acoustics like:

acoustical measurements and instrumentation,

acoustics of musics,

acousto-optics,

architectural, building and environmental acoustics,

bioacoustics,

electroacoustics,

linear and nonlinear acoustics,

noise and vibration,

physical and chemical effects of sound,

physiological acoustics,

psychoacoustics,

quantum acoustics,

sonochemistry,

speech processing and communication systems,

speech production and perception,

transducers,

ultrasonics,

underwater acoustics.

IMPACT FACTOR 2022: 0.9

CiteScore 2022: 2.1

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022: 0.291

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.687

Earlier issues are available on the old website http://acoustics.ippt.gov.pl/index.php/aa/issue/archive

ISSN

ISSN 0137-5075, eISSN 2300-262X

Publishers

Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Committee on Acoustics

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief
Andrzej Nowicki (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-9260-8237

Deputy Editor-in-Chief
Janusz Wójcik (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-6120-5195

Associate Editors

General linear acoustics and physical acoustics
• Wojciech P. Rdzanek (University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów) ORCID:

0000-0003-4328-5563
• Anna Snakowska (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-8419-0205

Architectural acoustics
• Tadeusz Kamisiński (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-8580-2402
• Mirosław Meissner (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0003-3885-0273

Musical acoustics and psychological acoustics
• Andrzej Miśkiewicz (The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music, Warszawa)
• Anna Preis (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań) ORCID:

0000-0002-9939-9722

Underwater acoustics and nonlinear acoustics
• Jacek Marszal (Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk) ORCID:

0000-0002-6760-9246

Speech, Computational acoustics and signal processing
• Jędrzej Kociński (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań) ORCID:

0000-0001-9562-9925

Ultrasonics, transducers and instrumentation
• Krzysztof Opieliński (Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław) ORCID: 0000-0001-9531-1562

0000-0001-9531-1562
• Janusz Wójcik (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-6120-5195

Sonochemistry
• Marzena Dzida (University of Silesia, Katowice) ORCID:

0000-0001-9566-4093

Electroacoustics
• Jan Żera (Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-2175-6910

Noise control and environmental acoustics
• Jan Andrzej Adamczyk (Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute, Warszawa)
• Grzegorz Klekot (Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0001-8469-8298
• Janusz Kompała (Central Mining Institute, Katowice) ORCID:

0000-0003-4544-0547
• Lucyna Leniowska (University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów) ORCID:

0000-0002-7994-7867
• Janusz Piechowicz (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-1435-4673
• Dariusz Pleban (Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0003-1351-9584

Journal Managing Editor
• Eliza Jezierska (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa)

Archives of Acoustics
Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN
Adolfa Pawińskiego 5B
02-106 Warsaw, Poland
Phone: (48) (22) 826 12 81 ext. 206
Email: akustyka@ippt.pan.pl

Archives of Acoustics is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the license CC BY-SA 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Content

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1

1 Research Papers. An Approach to Design Broadband Air Backed Piezoelectric Sensor

Mohamed G.S. Ali , Nour Z. Elsayed , Ebtsam A. Eid

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 3-10 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0001

Keywords: piezoelectric equivalent circuits impulse response frequency response matching layers z-transform

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Abstract

In this work, an approach to the design of broadband thickness-mode piezoelectric transducer is pre- sented. In this approach, simulation of discrete time model of the impulse response of matched and backed piezoelectric transducer is used to design high sensitivity, broad bandwidth, and short-duration impulse response transducers. The effect of matching the performance of transmitting and receiving air backed PZT-5A transducer working into water load is studied. The optimum acoustical characteristics of the quarter wavelength matching layers are determined by a compromise between sensitivity and pulse duration. The thickness of bonding layers is smaller than that of the quarter wavelength matching layers so that they do not change the resonance peak significantly. Our calculations show that the −3 dB air backed transducer bandwidth can be improved considerably by using quarter wavelength matching layers. The computer model developed in this work to predict the behavior of multilayer structures driven by a transient waveform agrees well with measured results. Furthermore, the advantage of this this model over other approaches is that the time signal for optimum set of matching layers can be predicted rapidly

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohamed G.S. Ali

Nour Z. Elsayed

Ebtsam A. Eid

2 Dedispersion Transform Method for Extracting the Normal Modes of a Shallow Water Acoustic Signal in the Pekeris Waveguide

Guang-Bing Yang , Lian-Gang Lü , Da-Zhi Gao , Ying Jiang , Hong-Ning Liu

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 11-18 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0002

Keywords: normal mode extraction dedispersion transform Pekeris waveguide source ranging

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Abstract

The normal modes cannot be extracted even in the Pekeris waveguide when the source-receiver distance is very close. This paper introduces a normal mode extraction method based on a dedispersion transform (DDT) to solve this problem. The method presented here takes advantage of DDT, which is based on the waveguide invariant such that the dispersion associated with all of the normal modes is removed at the same time. After performing DDT on a signal received in the Pekeris waveguide, the waveform of resulting normal modes is very close to the source signal, each with different position and amplitude. Each normal mode can be extracted by determining its position and amplitude parameters by applying particle swarm optimization (PSO). The waveform of the extracted normal mode is simply the waveform of the source signal; the real waveform of the received normal mode can then be recovered by applying dispersion compensation to the source signal. The method presented needs only one receiver and is verified with experimental data

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Authors and Affiliations

Guang-Bing Yang

Lian-Gang Lü

Da-Zhi Gao

Ying Jiang

Hong-Ning Liu

3 Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Response of a SAW Structure with WO3 Layers on Action of Carbon Monoxide

Tomasz Hejczyk , Marian Urbańczyk , Tadeusz Pustelny , Wiesław Jakubik

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 19-24 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0003

Keywords: gas sensor carbon monoxide CO piezoelectric substrate numerical modeling surface acous- tic waves acoustoelectric effects Ingebrigtsen’s formula

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Abstract

The paper presents the results of an analysis of gaseous sensors based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) by means of the equivalent model theory. The applied theory analyzes the response of the SAW sensor in the steady state affected by carbon monoxide (CO) in air. A thin layer of WO3 has been used as a sensor layer. The acoustical replacing impedance of the sensor layer was used, which takes into account the profile of the concentration of gas molecules in the layer. Thanks to implementing the Ingebrigtsen equation, the authors determined analytical expressions for the relative changes of the velocity of the surface acoustic wave in the steady state. The results of the analysis have shown that there is an optimum thickness of the layer of CO sensor at which the acoustoelectric effect (manifested here as a change in the acoustic wave velocity) is at its highest. The theoretical results were verified and confirmed experimentally

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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Hejczyk

Marian Urbańczyk

Tadeusz Pustelny

Wiesław Jakubik

4 Phase Autocorrelation Bark Wavelet Transform (PACWT) Features for Robust Speech Recognition

Sayf A. Majeed , Hafizah Husain , Salina A. Samad

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 25-31 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0004

Keywords: speech recognition feature extraction phase autocorrelation wavelet transform

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Abstract

In this paper, a new feature-extraction method is proposed to achieve robustness of speech recognition systems. This method combines the benefits of phase autocorrelation (PAC) with bark wavelet transform. PAC uses the angle to measure correlation instead of the traditional autocorrelation measure, whereas the bark wavelet transform is a special type of wavelet transform that is particularly designed for speech signals. The extracted features from this combined method are called phase autocorrelation bark wavelet transform (PACWT) features. The speech recognition performance of the PACWT features is evaluated and compared to the conventional feature extraction method mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCC) using TI-Digits database under different types of noise and noise levels. This database has been divided into male and female data. The result shows that the word recognition rate using the PACWT features for noisy male data (white noise at 0 dB SNR) is 60%, whereas it is 41.35% for the MFCC features under identical conditions

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Authors and Affiliations

Sayf A. Majeed

Hafizah Husain

Salina A. Samad

5 A Revised Sound Energy Theory Based on a New Formula for the Reverberation Radius in Rooms with Non-Diffuse Sound Field

Higini Arau-Puchades , Umberto Berardi

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 33-40 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0005

Keywords: reverberation radius critical distance non-diffuse sound field sound energy revised sound decay theory

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Abstract

This paper discusses the concept of the reverberation radius, also known as critical distance, in rooms with non-uniformly distributed sound absorption. The reverberation radius is the distance from a sound source at which the direct sound level equals the reflected sound level. The currently used formulas to calculate the reverberation radius have been derived by the classic theories of Sabine or Eyring. However, these theories are only valid in perfectly diffused sound fields; thus, only when the energy density is constant throughout a room. Nevertheless, the generally used formulas for the reverberation radius have been used in any circumstance. Starting from theories for determining the reverberation time in non- diffuse sound fields, this paper firstly proposes a new formula to calculate the reverberation radius in rooms with non-uniformly distributed sound absorption. Then, a comparison between the classic formulas and the new one is performed in some rectangular rooms with non-uniformly distributed sound absorption. Finally, this paper introduces a new interpretation of the reverberation radius in non-diffuse sound fields. According to this interpretation, the time corresponding to the sound to travel a reverberation radius should be assumed as the lower limit of integration of the diffuse sound energy

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Authors and Affiliations

Higini Arau-Puchades

Umberto Berardi

6 The Influence of the Semantic Material on the Assessment of Speech Reception Threshold

Magdalena Krenz , Andrzej Wicher , Aleksander Sęk

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 41-50 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0006

Keywords: speech intelligibility speech test speech reception threshold

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Abstract

To determine speech intelligibility using the test suggested by Ozimek et al. (2009), the subject composed sentences with the words presented on a computer screen. However, the number and the type of these words were chosen arbitrarily. The subject was always presented with 18, similarly sounding words. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the number and the type of alternative words used by Ozimek et al. (2009), had a significant influence on the speech intelligibility. The aim was also to determine an optimal number of alternative words: i.e., the number that did not affect the speech reception threshold (SRT) and not unduly lengthened the duration of the test. The study conducted using a group of 10 subjects with normal hearing showed that an increase in the number of words to choose from 12 to 30 increased the speech intelligibility by about 0.3 dB/6 words. The use of paronyms as alternative words as opposed to random words, leads to an increase in the speech intelligibility by about 0.6 dB, which is equivalent to a decrease in intelligibility by 15 percentage points. Enlarging the number of words to choose from, and switching alternative words to paronyms, led to an increase in response time from approximately 11 to 16 s. It seems that the use of paronyms as alternative words as well as using 12 or 18 words to choose from is the best choice when using the Polish Sentence Test (PST).

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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Krenz

Andrzej Wicher

Aleksander Sęk

7 Speech Intelligibility in Rooms with and without an Induction Loop for Hearing Aid Users

Jędrzej Kociński , Edward Ozimek

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 51-58 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0007

Keywords: speech intelligibility induction loop hearing impairment speech enhancement

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Abstract

The paper presents the results of sentence and logatome speech intelligibility measured in rooms with induction loop for hearing aid users. Two rooms with different acoustic parameters were chosen. Twenty two subjects with mild, moderate and severe hearing impairment using hearing aids took part in the experiment. The intelligibility tests composed of sentences or logatomes were presented to the subjects at fixed measurement points of an enclosure. It was shown that a sentence test is more useful tool for speech intelligibility measurements in a room than logatome test. It was also shown that induction loop is very efficient system at improving speech intelligibility. Additionally, the questionnaire data showed that induction loop, apart from improving speech intelligibility, increased a subject’s general satisfaction with speech perception

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Authors and Affiliations

Jędrzej Kociński

Edward Ozimek

8 Application of Piezofilms for Excitation and Active Damping of Blade Flexural Vibration

Ludĕk Pešek , Ladislav Půst , Vítĕzslav Bula , Jan Cibulka

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 59-69 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0008

Keywords: vibration suppression parametric antiresonance active damping PVDF films

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Abstract

The steam turbine blades of low pressure stages are endangerd by the high-cyclic fatigue due to the combined loading of dynamic stresses by the steam time-variant pressure and the pre-stress from centrifugal forces. Therefore, the importance of their experimental dynamic analysis in the design stage is critical. For laboratory tests of the blades, the piezo actuators placed on the blades, unlike electromagnets placed in the stationary space, give a possibility to excite the flexural vibration of the blades within the bladed disk by time continuous forces independently of the rotor revolutions. In addition, the piezo actuators can be also used to control the vibrations of the blade. Therefore, several dynamic experiments of the clamped model blade equipped with PVDF films were performed for the force description of the piezo foils and their behavior as actuators of the blade vibration. The numerical beam models were used for numerical analysis of the vibration suppression effects both by additional parametric excitation and by active damping. The optimal phase shift of piezo actuator voltage supply was ascertained both for amplitude amplification and suppression. The results contribute to the knowledge of the actuation and active damping of blade vibration by the piezo elements

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Authors and Affiliations

Ludĕk Pešek

Ladislav Půst

Vítĕzslav Bula

Jan Cibulka

9 Evaluation of the Effect of a Step Change in Piezo Actuator Structure on Vibration Reduction Level in Plates

Jerzy Wiciak , Roman Trojanowski

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 71-79 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0009

Keywords: vibration reduction two-part elements different material composition

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Abstract

This paper presents numerical analyses and a physical experiment on efficiency of different shapes and material composition of piezo actuators on vibration reduction. For this purpose numerical models of a plate clamped on all sides with piezo actuators attached were developed. The elements used were either standard homogeneous elements or the proposed two-part elements with different material composition for inner and outer part of piezo ceramic. Numerical analyses were performed using ANSYS software

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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Wiciak

Roman Trojanowski

10 An Influence of Directional Microphones on the Speech Intelligibility and Spatial Perception by Cochlear Implant Users

Jan Żera , Monika Kordus , Richard S. Tyler , Jacob J. Oleson

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 81-92 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0010

Keywords: localization bilateral cochlear implants adults microphone beamformer

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Abstract

The objective of the study is to assess the hearing performance of cochlear implant users in three device microphone configurations: omni-directional, directional, and beamformer (BEAMformer two-adaptive noise reduction system), in localization and speech perception tasks in dynamically changing listening environments. Seven cochlear implant users aided with Cochlear CM-24 devices with Freedom speech processor participated in the study. For the localization test in quiet and in background noise, subjects demonstrated significant differences between different microphone settings. Confusion matrices showed that in about 70% cases cochlear implant subjects correctly localized sounds within a horizontal angle of 30-40◦ (±1◦ loudspeaker apart from signal source). However localization in noise was less accurate as shown by a large number of considerable errors in localization in the confusion matrices. Average results indicated no significant difference between three microphone configurations. For speech presented from the front 3 dB SNR improvements in speech intelligibility in three subjects can be observed for beamforming system compared to directional and omni-directional microphone settings. The benefits of using different microphone settings in cochlear implant devices in dynamically changing listening conditions depend on the particular sound environment

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Żera

Monika Kordus

Richard S. Tyler

Jacob J. Oleson

11 Modelling and Designing of Ultrasonic Welding Systems

Andrzej Milewski , Piotr Kluk , Witold Kardyś , Paweł Kogut

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 93-99 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0011

Keywords: ultrasonic welding and cutting system ultrasonic stack modelling and designing digitally controlled ultrasonic power supply ultrasonic stack e-diagnosis

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Abstract

This article presents the main stages and challenges in modelling and designing of modern ultrasonic welding and cutting systems. First, the key components of such a system, such as an ultrasonic stack (con- sisting of a high power ultrasonic transducer and a sonotrode) and a digitally controlled ultrasonic power supply with precise control of the output power, have been considered. Next, a concept of measurement system for verification and validation of mathematical models of ultrasonic stacks and its components has been presented. Finally, a method of ultrasonic stack e-diagnosis based on ultrasonic transducer electrical impedance measurement during welding and cutting process has been described

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Milewski

Piotr Kluk

Witold Kardyś

Paweł Kogut

12 An Active Functionally Graded Piezocomposite Plate Subjected to a Stochastic Pressure

Marek Pietrzakowski

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 101-108 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0012

Keywords: laminated plate piezoceramic control functionally graded actuator stochastic pressure

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Abstract

In the paper the analysis of random vibration of an actively damped laminated plate with functionally graded piezoelectric actuator layers is presented. The simply supported plate is subjected to stochastic loading represented by a uniformly distributed pressure. The random input is assumed as a Gaussian sta- tionary and ergodic process. The actuators are regarded as a multi-layer structure arranged of piezofiber composite sub-layers. The sub-layers differ each other with amount of PZT (lead-zirconate-titanate) fibers and are stacked to achieve a desired change of the PZT volume fraction through the actuator thickness. The gradation scheme of constituents and material properties are estimated by parabolic and power functions. Numerical simulations are performed to recognize the influence of the applied random excita- tions and the actuator properties gradations on the characteristics of the stochastic field of active plate deflection i.e. power spectral density, autocorrelation function and variance

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Pietrzakowski

13 Technical Notes. Earmuff Noise Leakage Measurements and Evaluation

Samir N.Y. Gerges , Rafael N.C. Gerges , Roberto A. Dias

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 109-115 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0013

Keywords: earmuffs

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Abstract

This paper reports the quantitative effect of leakage on the noise attenuation of earmuff hearing protectors. The technology used in this study to measure the noise leakage is considered to be a new contribution to this topic. An array of sensors placed between an earmuff and a dummy human head or flat surface was used to measure the contact area. Areas of no contact are considered as the leakage elements. Eight earmuffs varying from high quality/high cost to low quality/low cost were tested, the leakage areas were measured and the reduction in the noise attenuation due to leakage was calculated

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Authors and Affiliations

Samir N.Y. Gerges

Rafael N.C. Gerges

Roberto A. Dias

14 Technical Note. Effect of Liner Characteristics on the Acoustic Performance of Duct Systems

Chokri Othmani , Taissir Hentati , Mohamed Taktak , Tamer Elnady , Mohamed Haddar

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 117-127 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0014

Keywords: porous material perforated plate duct system scattering matrix acoustic attenuation

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Abstract

Porous materials are used in many vibro-acoustic applications. Different models describe their perfor- mance according to material’s intrinsic characteristics. In this paper, an evaluation of the effect of the porous and geometrical parameters of a liner on the acoustic power attenuation of an axisymmetric lined duct was performed using multimodal scattering matrix. The studied liner is composed by a porous ma- terial covered by a perforated plate. Empirical and phenomenal models are used to calculate the acoustic impedance of the studied liner. The later is used as an input to evaluate the duct attenuation. By varying the values of each parameter, its influence is observed, discussed and deduced

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Authors and Affiliations

Chokri Othmani

Taissir Hentati

Mohamed Taktak

Tamer Elnady

Mohamed Haddar

15 Technical Note. Development and Research of Concentrator-Sonotrode with Increased Radiating Surface

Sergei S. Khmelev , Vladimir N. Khmelev , Roman N. Golykh , Andrey V. Shalunov

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 129-135 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0015

Keywords: ultrasound ultrasonic vibrating system resonance concentrating link concentrator gain factor

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Abstract

This paper presents the results of studies on functional possibilities of the optimization of geometric sizes and the design development of specialized resonance concentrating link (concentrator-sonotrode) with enlarged radiating surface. Developed theoretical model allows to determine the value of longitudinal and transverse sizes of each part of concentrating link providing the achievement of required features of the ultrasonic vibrating systems (gain factor of the unit and its resonance frequency). To verify the efficiency of designed model, the geometric sizes of resonance concentrating link were determined using the finite-element complex, which showed that the disagreement did not exceed 10%. The efficiency of proposed model at the determining of size and resonance characteristics of concentrating link was proved by the experiments. Theoretical and experimental studies helped to optimize the size of concentrating link while the vi- brating system developed on its base enabled the enlargement of radiating surface without decreasing the radiation intensity for the realization of technologies of cavitation treatment of liquid media

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Authors and Affiliations

Sergei S. Khmelev

Vladimir N. Khmelev

Roman N. Golykh

Andrey V. Shalunov

16 Technical Note. The Comprehensive Research of the Road Acoustic Screen with Absorbing and Diffusing Surface

Tadeusz Kamisiński , Roman Kinasz , Agata Szeląg , Jarosław Rubacha , Adam Pilch , Artur Flach , Katarzyna Baruch

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 137-144 | DOI: 10.1515/aoa-2015-0016

Keywords: acoustics mechanical strength environmental actions sound reflection sound diffusion

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Abstract

The paper presents the new solution to a road acoustic screen consisting of elements which are highly diffusing and simultaneously resistant to weathering, but also characterised by a sound absorption. There is described the comprehensive research of such the road acoustic screen with absorbing and diffusing surface. The study includes screen’s resistance to wind load and snow removal, impact tests and mea- surements of some acoustic parameters

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Authors and Affiliations

Tadeusz Kamisiński

Roman Kinasz

Agata Szeląg

Jarosław Rubacha

Adam Pilch

Artur Flach

Katarzyna Baruch

17 43rd Winter School on Vibroacoustical Hazards SuppressionsSzczyrk, Poland, March 2 – 6, 2015

Archives of Acoustics | 2015 | vol. 40 | No 1 | 145-146

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