Applied sciences

Archives of Acoustics

Description

Archives of Acoustics is an English-language peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishing original research papers from all areas of acoustics and abstracts from some specialised acoustical conferences. It gives free internet access to its full content (abstracts of research papers) to current issues.

Archives of Acoustics, the peer-reviewed quarterly journal publishes original research papers from all areas of acoustics like:

acoustical measurements and instrumentation,

acoustics of musics,

acousto-optics,

architectural, building and environmental acoustics,

bioacoustics,

electroacoustics,

linear and nonlinear acoustics,

noise and vibration,

physical and chemical effects of sound,

physiological acoustics,

psychoacoustics,

quantum acoustics,

sonochemistry,

speech processing and communication systems,

speech production and perception,

transducers,

ultrasonics,

underwater acoustics.

IMPACT FACTOR 2022: 0.9

CiteScore 2022: 2.1

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022: 0.291

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.687

Earlier issues are available on the old website http://acoustics.ippt.gov.pl/index.php/aa/issue/archive

ISSN

ISSN 0137-5075, eISSN 2300-262X

Publishers

Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Committee on Acoustics

Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief
Andrzej Nowicki (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-9260-8237

Deputy Editor-in-Chief
Janusz Wójcik (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-6120-5195

Associate Editors

General linear acoustics and physical acoustics
• Wojciech P. Rdzanek (University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów) ORCID:

0000-0003-4328-5563
• Anna Snakowska (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-8419-0205

Architectural acoustics
• Tadeusz Kamisiński (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-8580-2402
• Mirosław Meissner (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0003-3885-0273

Musical acoustics and psychological acoustics
• Andrzej Miśkiewicz (The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music, Warszawa)
• Anna Preis (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań) ORCID:

0000-0002-9939-9722

Underwater acoustics and nonlinear acoustics
• Jacek Marszal (Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk) ORCID:

0000-0002-6760-9246

Speech, Computational acoustics and signal processing
• Jędrzej Kociński (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań) ORCID:

0000-0001-9562-9925

Ultrasonics, transducers and instrumentation
• Krzysztof Opieliński (Wrocław University of Technology, Wrocław) ORCID: 0000-0001-9531-1562

0000-0001-9531-1562
• Janusz Wójcik (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-6120-5195

Sonochemistry
• Marzena Dzida (University of Silesia, Katowice) ORCID:

0000-0001-9566-4093

Electroacoustics
• Jan Żera (Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0002-2175-6910

Noise control and environmental acoustics
• Jan Andrzej Adamczyk (Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute, Warszawa)
• Grzegorz Klekot (Warsaw University of Technology, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0001-8469-8298
• Janusz Kompała (Central Mining Institute, Katowice) ORCID:

0000-0003-4544-0547
• Lucyna Leniowska (University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów) ORCID:

0000-0002-7994-7867
• Janusz Piechowicz (AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków) ORCID:

0000-0002-1435-4673
• Dariusz Pleban (Central Institute for Labor Protection - National Research Institute, Warszawa) ORCID:

0000-0003-1351-9584

Journal Managing Editor
• Eliza Jezierska (Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN, Warszawa)

Archives of Acoustics
Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN
Adolfa Pawińskiego 5B
02-106 Warsaw, Poland
Phone: (48) (22) 826 12 81 ext. 206
Email: akustyka@ippt.pan.pl

Archives of Acoustics is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the license CC BY-SA 4.0. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/

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Content

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3

1 Research on the Acoustic Scattering Characteristics of Multi-Sections Conning Tower Geometries in Monostatic Configuration

Lin-Jiang Han , Hao Song , Chang-Xiong Chen , Xi-Rui Peng , Zi-Long Peng

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 307-317 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142005

Keywords: conning tower Kirchhoff approximation target strength monostatic configuration

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Abstract

The overall acoustic echo of a submarine is greatly dependent on the conning tower. For enhancing the acoustic stealth performance of a submarine, it is necessary to research an innovative design scheme of the conning tower to reduce its target strength (TS). The aim of this work is to reduce the TS of a conning tower by varying its geometry and streamlining. The accuracy in modelling the acoustic scattering of a conning tower using the Kirchhoff approximation (KA) was validated, compared with finite element analysis (FEA). Several angular conning tower geometries were designed to analyze the effect of streamlining and the number of lateral facets on TS using the KA method. In consideration of the actual situation, the acoustic effect of backing medium was analyzed by compared water-filled elastic hulls with rigid hulls. From the observed TS calculation results, it is shown that the non-streamlined four lateral-facet conning tower geometries are optimal for acoustic stealth performance during the range of incidence angles from −10X to 10X, whereas the streamlined versions have better performance at incidence angles beyond this range. Furthermore, elastic hulls and rigid hulls provide similar spatial distribution regularities in monostatic configuration with the rigidity affecting the magnitude of the TS.

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Authors and Affiliations

Lin-Jiang Han

Hao Song

Chang-Xiong Chen

Xi-Rui Peng

Zi-Long Peng

Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China
Systems Engineering Research Institute, Beijing 100036, China
China Ship Development and Design Center, Wuhan 430064, China

2 Medial Vowel Temporal Acoustics in Arabic and Japanese Polysyllabic Words

Yahya Aldholmi

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 319-329 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142006

Keywords: temporal acoustics vowel duration durational difference durational ratio Arabic Japanese

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Abstract

The current study is dedicated to measuring vowel temporal acoustics (duration, durational difference, and durational ratio) in the medial position of mostly CVCVCV polysyllabic words in Arabic and Japanese, avoiding the asymmetries in vowel position, syllable structure, and coda consonant quantity (singleton versus geminate) observed in previous experiments. Twenty-nine (16 Arabic and 13 Japanese) participants were asked to use a carrier sentence to produce 60 polysyllabic (mainly CVCVCV) items that contrasted in vowel quantity (short versus long) and vowel quality (/a/, /i/, and /u/) at a normal speech rate. The results show that while short and long vowels are durationally distinct within a language, Japanese vowels are clearly longer than Arabic vowels, although the durational difference remains approximately the same between the two languages. The durational ratio of short-to-long vowel presents a new pattern that contrasts with that reported in earlier research. Specifically, Japanese long vowels in the medial position of polysyllabic words are twice as long as their short counterparts, while Arabic long vowels are more than twice as long. This shows that both vowel position and syllable structure must be considered when measuring vowel temporal acoustics or when structuring stimuli for perception experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

Yahya Aldholmi

Department of Linguistics and Translation Studies, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

3 Attenuation of Humming-Type Noise and Vibration in Vehicle HVAC System Using a Tuneable Dynamic Vibration Absorber

Muhammad Safwan Abdul Aziz , Ahmad Zhafran Ahmad Mazlan , Mohd Hafiz Abdul Satar , Muhammad Abdul Rahman Paiman , Mohd Zukhairi Abd Ghapar

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 331-342 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142007

Keywords: HVAC humming noise vibration attenuation AC pipe TDVA

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Abstract

Heating, ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) is one of crucial system in a vehicle. Unfortunately, its performance can be affected by the vibration of HVAC components, which subsequently produced unwanted noises. This paper presents an innovative design solution which called as tuneable dynamic vibration absorber (TDVA) to reduce the humming-type noise and vibration in the HVAC system. A detail investigation is carried by developing a lab-scale HVAC model that has the capability to imitate the real HVAC operation in a vehicle. An alternated air-condition (AC) with a fixed blower speed is implied in the study. The analysis of hummingtype noise and vibration induced from the HVAC components are performed, and the TDVA is designed and tuned according to the natural frequency of the AC pipe before the attachment. The humming-type noise and vibration characteristics of the HVAC components are compared before and after the implementation of the TDVA. The findings shown that the HVAC model data compares well with the vehicle data, whereby the implementation of TDVA is found to reduce the vibration of the AC pipe by 79% and 61% in both idle and operating conditions and this subsequently improved the humming-type noise of the HVAC system. It also been observed that the TDVA has an effective frequency range around 75–255 Hz and 100–500 Hz for the HVAC model and vehicle systems, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

Muhammad Safwan Abdul Aziz

Ahmad Zhafran Ahmad Mazlan

Mohd Hafiz Abdul Satar

Muhammad Abdul Rahman Paiman

Mohd Zukhairi Abd Ghapar

The VibrationLab, School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Penang, Malaysia
Testing and Development, Vehicle Development and Engineering, Proton Holdings Berhad, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

4 Impact of Wall Impedance Phase Angle on Indoor Sound Field and Reverberation Parameters Derived from Room Impulse Response

Mirosław Meissner , Tomasz G. Zieliński

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 343-353 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142008

Keywords: room acoustics complex wall impedance indoor sound field room impulse response reverberation parameters

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Abstract

Accurate definition of boundary conditions is of crucial importance for room acoustic predictions because the wall impedance phase angle can affect the sound field in rooms and acoustic parameters applied to assess a room reverberation. In this paper, the issue was investigated theoretically using the convolution integral and a modal representation of the room impulse response for complex-valued boundary conditions. Theoretical considerations have been accompanied with numerical simulations carried out for a rectangular room. The case of zero phase angle, which is often assumed in room acoustic simulations, was taken as a reference, and differences in the sound pressure level and decay times were determined in relation to this case. Calculation results have shown that a slight deviation of the phase angle with respect to the phase equal to zero can cause a perceptual difference in the sound pressure level. This effect was found to be due to a change in modal frequencies as a result of an increase or decrease in the phase angle. Simulations have demonstrated that surface distributions of decay times are highly irregular, while a much greater range of the early decay time compared to the reverberation time range indicates that a decay curve is nonlinear. It was also found that a difference between the decay times predicted for the complex impedance and real impedance is especially clearly audible for the largest impedance phase angles because it corresponds approximately to 4 just noticeable differences for the reverberation metrics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Meissner

Tomasz G. Zieliński

Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

5 About Unusual Diffraction and Thermal Self-Action of Magnetosonic Beam

Anna Perelomova

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 355-362 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142009

Keywords: non-linear magnetoacoustics diffraction of beams acoustic thermal self-action magnetohydrodynamics

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Abstract

The dynamics of slightly diverging two-dimensional beams whose direction forms a constant angle θ with the
equilibrium straight magnetic strength is considered. The approximate dispersion relations and corresponding links which specify hydrodynamic perturbations in confined beams are derived. The study is dedicated to the diffraction of a magnetosonic beam and nonlinear thermal self-action of a beam in a thermoconducting gaseous plasma. It is shown that the divergence of a beam and its thermal self-action is unusual in some particular cases of parallel propagation (θ = 0) and has no analogues in the dynamics of the Newtonian beams. The nonlinear attenuation of Newtonian beams leads to their defocusing in gases, whereas the unusual cases correspond to the focusing in a presence of magnetic field. The examples of numerical calculations of thermal self-action of magnetoacoustic beams with shock fronts are considered in the usual and unusual cases of diffraction concerning stationary and non-stationary self-action. It is discovered that the diffraction is more (θ = 0) or less (θ = π/2) manifested as compared to that of the Newtonian beams. The beams which propagate oblique to the magnetic field do not reveal diffraction. The special case, when the sound and Alfvénic speeds are equal, is discussed. This magnetosonic beams incorporate acoustic and Alfvénic properties and do not undergo diffraction in this particular case.

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Bibliography

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Authors and Affiliations

Anna Perelomova

Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics, Gdansk, Poland

6 New Surface-Plasmon-Polariton-Like Acoustic Surface Waves at the Interface Between Two Semi-Infinite Media

Piotr Kiełczyński

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 363-371 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142010

Keywords: shear horizontal acoustic waves surface plasmon polaritons phase velocity group velocity Poyntingvector

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Abstract

This paper presents theory of new shear horizontal (SH) acoustic surface waves that propagate along the interface of two semi-infinite elastic half-spaces, one of which is a conventional elastic medium and a second one an elastic metamaterial with a negative and frequency dependent shear elastic compliance.
This new surface waves have only one transverse component of mechanical displacement, which has a maximum at the interface and decays exponentially with distance from the interface. Similar features are also shown by the acoustic shear horizontal Maerfeld-Tournois surface waves propagating at the interface of two semi-infinite elastic media due to the piezoelectric effect that should occur in at least one semi-space.
The proposed new shear horizontal acoustic surface waves exhibit also strong formal similarities with the electromagnetic surface waves of the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) type, propagating along a metal-dielectric planar interface. In fact, the new shear horizontal elastic surface waves possess a large number of properties that are inherent for the SPP electromagnetic surface waves, such as strong subwavelength concentration of the wave field in the proximity of the guiding interface, low phase and group velocity etc. As a result, the new shear horizontal acoustic surface waves can find applications in sensors with extremely high sensitivity, employed in measurements of various physical parameters, such as viscosity of liquids, as well as in biosensors, chemosensors, or a near field acoustic microscopy (subwavelength imaging) and miniaturized devices of microwave acoustics.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kiełczyński

Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

7 Ultrasonic Simulation Research of Two-Dimensional Distribution in Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow by Backscattering Method

Jinhui Fan , Fei Wang

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 373-382 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142011

Keywords: gas-solid two-phase flow COMSOL simulation ultrasonic backscattering method

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Abstract

The two-dimensional distribution of gas-solid flow parameters is a great research significance to reflect the actual situation in industry. The commonly used method is the ultrasonic tomography method, in which multiple probes are arranged at various angles, or the measurement device is rotated as that in medicine, but in most industrial situations, it is impossible to install probes at all angles or rotate the measured pipe. The backscattering method, however, uses only one transducer to both transmit and receive signals, and the twodimensional information is obtained by only rotating the transducer. Ultrasound attenuates greatly in the air, and the attenuation changes with frequency. Therefore, COMSOL is used to study the reflection of particles with different radii in the air to ultrasound with various frequencies. It is found that the backscattering equivalent voltage is the largest when the product of ultrasonic frequency and particle radius is about 27.78 Hz �� m, and the particle concentration of 30% causes the strongest backscattering. The simulated results are in good agreement with the Faran backscattering model, which can provide references for selecting the appropriate frequency and obtaining the concentration when measuring gas-solid two-phase flow with the ultrasonic backscattering method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jinhui Fan

Fei Wang

State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China

8 Comparison of Moving Average and Differential Operation for Wheeze Detection in Spectrograms

Meng-Lun Hsueh , Jin-Peng Chen , Bing-Yuh Lu , Huey-Dong Wu , Pei-Yi Liu

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 383-388 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142012

Keywords: differential operation moving average signal lung sound wheeze

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Abstract

A moving average (MA) is a commonly used noise reduction method in signal processing. Several studies on wheeze auscultation have used MA analysis for preprocessing. The present study compared the performance of MA analysis with that of differential operation (DO) by observing the produced spectrograms. These signal preprocessing methods are not only applicable to wheeze signals but also to signals produced by systems such as machines, cars, and flows. Accordingly, this comparison is relevant in various fields. The results revealed that DO increased the signal power intensity of episodes in the spectrograms by more than 10 dB in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). A mathematical analysis of relevant equations demonstrated that DO could identify high-frequency episodes in an input signal. Compared with a two-dimensional Laplacian operation, the DO method is easier to implement and could be used in other studies on acoustic signal processing. DO achieved high performance not only in denoising but also in enhancing wheeze signal features. The spectrograms revealed episodes at the fourth or even fifth harmonics; thus, DO can identify high-frequency episodes. In conclusion, MA reduces noise and DO enhances episodes in the high-frequency range; combining these methods enables efficient signal preprocessing for spectrograms.

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Authors and Affiliations

Meng-Lun Hsueh

Jin-Peng Chen

Bing-Yuh Lu

Huey-Dong Wu

Pei-Yi Liu

Graduate Institute of Intelligent Robotics, Hwa Hsia University of Technology, New Taipei City, Taiwan
Faculty of Automation, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Guangdong, China
Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan

9 Ultrasonic Experimental Evaluation of the Numerical Model of the Internal Fluid Flow in the Kidney Cooling Jacket

Barbara Gambin , Ilona Korczak-Cegielska , Wojciech Secomski , Eleonora Kruglenko , Andrzej Nowicki

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 389-397 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142004

Keywords: multi-canal system fluid flow prediction cooling jacket flow Doppler measurement

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Abstract

Kidney Cooling Jacket (KCJ) preserves the kidney graft, wrapped in the jacket, against the too fast time of temperature rise during the operation of connecting a cooled transplant to the patient’s bloodstream. The efficiency of KCJ depends on the stationarity of the fluid flow and its spatial uniformity. In this paper, the fluid velocity field inside the three different KCJ prototypes has been measured using the 20 MHz ultrasonic Doppler flowmeter. The simplified 2D geometrical model of the prototypes has been presented using COMSOL Multiphysics to simulate the fluid flow assuming the laminar flow model. By comparing the numerical results with experimental data, the simplified 2D model is shown to be accurate enough to predict the flow distribution of the internal fluid velocity field within the KCJ. The discrepancy between the average velocity measured using the 20 MHz Doppler and numerical results was mainly related to the sensitivity of the velocity measurements to a change of the direction of the local fluid flow stream. Flux direction and average velocity were additionally confirmed by using commercial colour Doppler imaging scanner. The current approach showed nearly 90% agreement of the experimental results and numerical simulations. It was important for justifying the use of numerical modelling in designing the baffles distribution (internal walls in the flow space) for obtaining the most spatially uniform field of flow velocity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Gambin

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ilona Korczak-Cegielska

Wojciech Secomski

Eleonora Kruglenko

Andrzej Nowicki

Department of Ultrasound, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Doctoral Studies of Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

10 Mutually Orthogonal Golay Complementary Sequences in Medical Ultrasound Diagnostics. Experimental Study

Ihor Trots , Norbert Żołek , Yurij Tasinkevych , Janusz Wójcik

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 399-405 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142013

Keywords: coded excitation mutually orthogonal Golay codes synthetic aperture ultrasound imaging

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Abstract

The objective of this paper is an experimental study of the most crucial parameters of the received acoustic signals (e.g. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), side-lobes level (SLL), axial resolution) obtained as a result of simultaneous emission of mutually orthogonal Golay complementary sequences (MOGCS) to demonstrate their feasibility of being used in ultrasound diagnostics. Application of the MOGCS in ultrasound measurements allows the image reconstruction time to be shortened without decreasing the resulting quality of reconstructed images in comparison with regular complementary Golay coded sequences (CGCS). In this paper two sets of 16-bits long MOGCS were implemented in the Verasonics Vantage ^TM (Verasonics Inc., Kirkland, WA, USA) scanner. Ultrasound data were generated using a perfect reflector, a custom-made nylon wire phantom and tissue mimicking phantom. Parameters of the detected MOGCS echoes like SNR, SLL and axial resolution were determined and compared to that of the standard CGCS and the short two-sine cycles pulse. It was evidenced that applying MOGCS did not compromise the parameters of the separated and compressed echoes in comparison to the other types of transmitted signal – the CGCS and the short pulse. Concretely, both the MOGCS and CGCS yield similar SNR increase in comparison to the short pulse. Almost similar values of the axial resolution estimated at the full width at the half maximum level for all types of the transmitted signals were also obtained. At the same time, using the MOGCS the data acquisition speed can be increased twice in comparison with the CGCS signal.

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Authors and Affiliations

Ihor Trots

Norbert Żołek

Yurij Tasinkevych

Janusz Wójcik

Ultrasound Department, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

11 2D Modeling of Wave Propagation in Shallow Water by the Method of Characteristics

Mohammad Reza Khalilabadi

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 407-412 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142014

Keywords: wave propagation shallow water MOC method waveguide transmission loss

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Abstract

In this paper, a 2D numerical modeling of sound wave propagation in a shallow water medium that acts as a waveguide, are presented. This modeling is based on the method of characteristic which is not constrained by the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy (CFL) condition. Using this method, the Euler time-dependent equations have been solved under adiabatic conditions inside of a shallow water waveguide which is consists of one homogeneous environment of water over a rigid bed. In this work, the stability and precision of the method of characteristics (MOC) technique for sound wave propagation in a waveguide were illustrated when it was applied with the semi-Lagrange method. The results show a significant advantage of the method of characteristics over the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mohammad Reza Khalilabadi

Faculty of Naval Aviation, Malek Ashtar University of Technology, Iran

12 The Effect of Cold Eddy on Acoustic Propagation (Case Study: Eddy in the Persian Gulf)

Omid Mahpeykar , Amir Ashtari Larki , Mohammad Akbari Nasab

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 413-423 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142015

Keywords: Persian Gulf cold eddy transmission loss (TL) acoustic propagation BELLHOP model

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Abstract

It is essential for oceanographers to study the effects of marine phenomena such as currents, surface mixed layer, eddies, internal waves, and other ocean features on acoustic propagation, as most marine measurement equipment operates on this basis, like sonar. The eddy impact on acoustic transmission in the marine environment is very significant because changes in temperature and salinity disrupt the sound speed due to the presence of eddy, thus the acoustic propagation in the sea. Although cold eddies are in the Persian Gulf widely, one eddy is selected to study their impacts on acoustic propagation because they have similar properties in terms of temperature and salinity. In this research, after identifying eddies in the Persian Gulf automatically, the effect of a cold eddy on acoustic propagation was investigated at different depths using the BELLHOP model. Most eddies are cyclonic with 5–10 km of radius based on algorithm outputs. Studies on the lifespan of eddies showed that the occurrence of cyclonic eddies with a lifespan of more than three days is more than anticyclonic ones. Examination of the eddy effect on acoustic propagation showed that the transmission loss (TL) during the progress of the acoustic wave across the eddy increases with increasing the depth of the sound source. Also, the presence of cold eddy compared to the conditions it does not exist increases the transmission loss. The study of three-dimensional acoustic propagation also confirmed the obtained results in two-dimensional mode and clearly showed the role of cold eddy in increasing the TL.

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Authors and Affiliations

Omid Mahpeykar

Amir Ashtari Larki

Mohammad Akbari Nasab

Department of Physical Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science and Oceanography, Khorramshahr University of Marine Science and Technology, Khorramshahr, Iran
Department of Marine Physics, Faculty of Marine and Oceanic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran

13 68th Open Seminar on Acoustics September 12 – 16, 2022, Solina, Poland

Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3 | 425-442 | DOI: 10.24425/aoa.2022.142016

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Archives of Acoustics | 2022 | vol. 47 | No 3

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