Humanities and Social Sciences

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

Description

Central and Eastern European Migration Review is published bianually by the Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw and the Polish Academy of Sciences as an online, open-access journal. Materials presented in the journal include original research articles and research reports. Priority is given to research addressing the CEE region perspective and comparative analyses. However, studies based on original empirical data devoted only to some country-cases also befit the scope of the journal. The language of the contributions is English. Before publication, each submitted paper is subject to a double-blind peer review by at least two independent experts. We invite sociologists, economists, demographers, political scientists, lawyers, psychologists, historians and anthropologists to submit their works.

IMPACT FACTOR 2022: 1.7

ISSN

ISSN 2300-1682

Publishers

Polska Akademia Nauk, Ośrodek Badań nad Migracjami UW

RADA PROGRAMOWA:

Marek Okólski (Uniwersytet Warszawski, Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej)
Olga Chudinovskikh (Moscow State Lomonosow University, Higher School of Economics)
Barbara Dietz (Institute for East and Southeast European Studies in Regensburg, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA))
Boris Divinský (Bratislava)
Dušan Drbohlav (Charles University in Prague)
Elżbieta Goździak (Georgetown University, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza)
Agnes Hars (KOPINT-TARKI Economic Research Institute Ltd)
Romuald Jończy (Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu)
Paweł Kaczmarczyk (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Olga Kupets (National University of ‘Kyiv-Mohyla Academy’)
Solange Maslowski (Charles University in Prague)
Ewa Morawska (University of Essex)
Mirjana Morokvasic (University Paris X-Nanterre, Institute for Social Sciences of Politics in Paris)
Jan Pakulski (University of Tasmania, Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia)
Dorota Praszałowicz (Uniwersytet Jagielloński)
Krystyna Romaniszyn (Uniwersytet Jagielloński)
John Salt (University College London)
Dumitru Sandu (University of Bucharest)
Krystyna Slany (Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza)
Dariusz Stola (Polska Akademia Nauk, Collegium Civitas)
Cezary Żołędowski (Uniwersytet Warszawski)

REDAKCJA:

Aleksandra Grzymała-Kazłowska (Uniwersytet Warszawski) - redaktor naczelny
Piotr Koryś (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Yana Leontiyeva (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)
Magdalena Lesińska (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Stefan Markowski (University of New South Wales in Australia)
Justyna Nakonieczna (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Joanna Nestorowicz (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Aneta Piekut (University of Sheffield)
Paolo Ruspini (International Migration University of Lugano)
Brygida Solga (Politechnika Opolska)
Paweł Strzelecki (Szkoła Główna Handlowa)
Anne White (University of Bath)
Renata Stefańska (Uniwersytet Warszawski) - sekretarz Redakcji

Ośrodek Badań nad Migracjami Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
ul. Banacha 2b
02-097 Warszawa
tel.: 22 659 74 11

Central and Eastern European Migration Review is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Volumes
Instructions for authors

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Content

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2

1 Contents

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2

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2 Emancipation in a Reception System: Asylum-Seekers in Poland in a Security Grey Zone Between Liberal Democracy and Nation-State

Mateusz Krępa

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 5-22

Keywords: asylum-seekers reception system Poland agency emancipation

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Abstract

The security of asylum-seekers in the context of conditions of reception has not been frequently researched. This article aims to fill this gap by arguing that asylum-seekers in Poland are stuck in a grey zone between being secure and being securitised by the host society, with little opportunity to use their own agency. The basis for my study is the theory of the Welsh School of Critical Security Studies which focuses on understand-ing security through emancipation. The methodology contains a structural analysis of the reception system through the lenses of the agency–structure relationship and a legal and institutional study, as well as an in-depth examination of security practices combined with a reconstruction critique. The results show that the Polish reception system is a structure which is highly asymmetrical in relations of power, especially in the fundamental case of setting a security agenda. This thus constitutes a substantial constraint on migrants’ agency – with some potential for emancipation, however. In conclusion, the research points out the discrep-ancy between elements of the reception system driven by principles of liberal democracy and the nation-state and calls for a more inclusive, empowering and participatory security provision within the reception system in Poland.

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Authors and Affiliations

Mateusz Krępa

e-mail:

ORCID:

Doctoral School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Political Science and International Studies, Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, Poland

3 New Urban Diversity at and after the Economic Downturn: Recent Trajectories of Ethnic Segregation in Central European Cities

Martin Šimon , Ivana Křížková , Adam Klsák

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 23-47

Keywords: residential segregation immigration post-socialist cities spatial grid Czechia

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Abstract

Immigration is one of the most contentious fields of contemporary European urban policy. While the devel-opment of urban segregation is well documented in traditional immigration countries with population reg-ister data, there is a lack of detailed research on population dynamics in many countries and cities across Europe. This article examines ethnic residential segregation in Czechia in the period after the economic crisis of 2008. Special attention is paid to the trajectories of individual cities and their position in the urban hier-archy. Longitudinal population register data are used and segregation indicators of unevenness and expo-sure are computed for the largest cities using a detailed spatial grid. The results show a broad picture of decreasing segregation despite the continuously growing number of immigrants in the country. While the economic crisis temporarily halted immigration, the spatial patterns of immigrant dissimilarity did not change and more-established immigration gateway cities experienced an increase in spatial isolation. In the conclusion, the article calls for further discussion on ethnic residential segregation in post-socialist cities.

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Authors and Affiliations

Martin Šimon

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ORCID:

Ivana Křížková

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adam Klsák

e-mail:

ORCID:

Department of Local and Regional Studies, Institute of Sociology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czechia
Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia

4 Polish Migrants in Ireland and Their Political (Dis)engagement in Transnational Space

Justyna Salamońska , Magdalena Lesińska , Weronika Kloc-Nowak

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 49-69

Keywords: political participation Polish migrants Ireland transnationalism

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Abstract

Ireland has become one of the main destination countries for Polish migrants after Poland’s EU accession in 2004. While much of the literature on Polish migration to Ireland post-2004 focuses on its labour-market element, in this paper we analyse the political participation of Polish migrants. We utilise data from a survey conducted by the Centre of Migration Research (University of Warsaw) with Polish migrants in Ireland which documents low levels of political engagement as measured by voting turnout in Polish presidential and parliamentary elections as well as the Irish local elections and elections to the European Parliament. A lack of knowledge about political participation rights or how to engage in voting is one explanation for the low levels of voting, especially in Irish local and European parliamentiary elections. Another explanation may be the attitude that migrants have towards the political system and how they can influence it. Polish migrants predominantly report that they have no or little influence on politics in Poland and have relatively less trust in the authorities and politicians there (compared to Ireland). The key individual-level characteristic affecting Polish migrant respondents’ electoral participation in Ireland is their (lack of) voting habit formed before migration.

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Authors and Affiliations

Justyna Salamońska

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ORCID:

Magdalena Lesińska

e-mail:

ORCID:

Weronika Kloc-Nowak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, Poland

5 Migration and Elderly Care Work in Italy: Three Stories of Romanian and Moldovan Care Workers

Sebastian Țoc , Dinu Guțu

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 71-90

Keywords: migration migrant care workers elderly care work Mediterranean welfare state Italy Romania

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Abstract

Italy is one of the most important destination countries for Romanians. At the same time, the Italian care sector relies mainly on migrant labour, most of whom are Romanian women. Historically, Italy is considered one of the landmark countries for the southern or Mediterranean welfare state, characterised by its fragmented labour market, underdeveloped social protection system, informal economy and unpaid care work, usually done by the women in the family. Italy has one of the highest rates in Europe of both the elderly population and life expectancy at birth. In the last 20 years, the care work was gradually redistributed to migrant care workers, most of them women from former socialist countries, who often live in the household where they work. Migration from Eastern Europe, particularly Romania, has been facilitated, on the one hand, by rising unemployment and low-paid job opportunities in migrants’ countries of origin in the context of the deindustrialisation of state industry and, on the other, by the Italian elderly public-support system which is based on cash benefits granted to the family which can be redistributed to employ migrant care workers. In this paper we analyse three specific types of care work migration from Romania to Italy and the main challenges which they face, taking into account the specifics of the work and the type of migration chosen. The methodology is qualitative, based on 20 semi-structured online interviews with Romanian care workers and two interviews with stakeholders.

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Authors and Affiliations

Sebastian Țoc

1 2

Dinu Guțu

National University of Political Science and Public Administration, Romania
Research Institute for Quality of Life, Romanian Academy, Romania

6 Welfare Considerations in Migration Decision-Making through a Life-Course Approach: A Qualitative Study of Spanish EU-Movers

Katarzyna Andrejuk , Marie Godin , Dominique Jolivet , Sónia Pereira , Christof Van Mol

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 93-110

Keywords: migration aspirations migration decisions welfare state welfare magnet crisis Spain

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Abstract

The welfare aspects of intra-European migration remain an important and controversial topic of academic and political debates. These discussions touch upon the classical ‘welfare magnet’ or ‘welfare tourism’ hypothesis. Transcending the politicised concept of ‘benefit tourism’, our paper examines how welfare-state considerations in relation to migration decisions vary across the life course. Relying on micro-level qualitative research focusing on Spanish intra-EU movers, the paper probes deeper into how individuals perceive welfare systems, analysing the subtle and nuanced meanings of different aspects of the welfare for their migration decisions. We focus more specifically on welfare provisions in terms of health care, compulsory education, child support and other care responsibilities, unemployment and pensions and retirement. Our research indicates that, in studies on the migration–welfare nexus, it is necessary to move beyond the current narrow focus on the welfare magnet hypothesis and to examine how diverse welfare arrangements continuously and dynamically set the context for migration decisions at various stages of an individual’s life. The results of our research show how features of the Spanish welfare system, in comparison to those of potential destination countries, might act as both a trigger and/or a barrier to migration. As such, we get a ‘thicker description’ of the role which welfare might play in shaping individuals’ eventual migratory aspirations and decisions.

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Authors and Affiliations

Katarzyna Andrejuk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Marie Godin

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dominique Jolivet

3 4

e-mail:

ORCID:

Sónia Pereira

e-mail:

ORCID:

Christof Van Mol

6 7

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland
University of Oxford, the UK
University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
University of Maastricht, The Netherlands
IGOT, University of Lisbon, Portugal
Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute / UG / KNAW

7 The Adaptation Strategies of Highly Skilled Latvian Migrants: The Role of Pre-Migration Cultural Capital and Typical Pathways to Labour-Market Upper Positions

Inese Šūpule

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 111-130

Keywords: highly skilled migration transferability of human capital strategies of adaptation

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Abstract

This article analyses the strategies of adaptation used by highly skilled Latvian migrants to make the best of their situation abroad. As empirical data, 26 semi-structured in-depth interviews with highly skilled Latvian nationals in finances, management, IT and the health sector are analysed. The study reveals how migrants negotiate the value of their cultural capital in the new country’s labour market. Different adaptation strategies are typical for the pre-migration phase, the phase of transition and initial settlement and of establishment in the host country. The main conclusion of the study is that pre-migration cultural capital (education, work experience, language knowledge and general and specific skills) is important but not sufficient to be successful in new country’s labour market – in the UK, Germany, Norway and the USA. The labour-market outcomes are a result of the interplay between migrants’ individual resources and decisions on extensive investments in country-specific human capital and structural constraints – such as typical recruitment patterns in a particular occupation and host country.

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Authors and Affiliations

Inese Šūpule

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ORCID:

Institute of Sociology and Philosophy, University of Latvia, Latvia

8 The Language-Based Recruitment of Migrants to Online Surveys with Facebook Advertisements: A Comparative Assessment from Three Geographical Contexts

Oleksandr Ryndyk

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 131-149

Keywords: participant recruitment online migration research Polish migrants language targeting Facebook advertisements

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Abstract

A handful of studies have used Facebook’s advertisement platform – Facebook Ads Manager – to recruit migrants to online surveys. The main challenge facing migration scholars in designing effective advertisements has been to identify and accurately target migrants on Facebook. Researchers have used proxies, such as users’ previous residence abroad, language(s) or interests, to infer their migration status. Despite some progress, there remains a need to better document and reflect critically on the accuracy of targeting migrants using such proxies. Contrary to studies which relied on users’ previous residence abroad, this study used migrants’ language (Polish) to target and recruit survey participants from among Polish migrants in Norway, Sweden and the UK. Focusing on a single migrant group across three countries, the goal of this article is to assess the accuracy of a targeting strategy which relied primarily on users’ command of a language as an indicator of their migration background. Comparing the results against official migration statistics and the results reported in similar studies, the article provides a compelling case for researchers to prioritise users’ language, rather than previous residence abroad, as the proxy for migration background for migrants whose language, such as Polish, is confined to the borders of a single nation state.

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Authors and Affiliations

Oleksandr Ryndyk

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Centre for Intercultural Communication, VID Specialized University, Norway
Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, Norway

9 The Migration Transition in Poland

Marek Okólski

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2021 | vol. 10 | No 2 | 151-169

Keywords: migrations migration transition Europe Poland

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Abstract

In the period 1950* 2020, international migration in Europe changed significantly. One of the most char-- acteristic features was the change in net migration from negative to positive. At the beginning of the twenty first century, Poland belonged to the minority of countrie s in this respect that is, it experienced strong emigration but only minor immigration. However, migration in Poland has also been changing. In the second decade of this century, the outflow of people has weakened, the inflow of migrants has increased an d the migration balance has become positive. I analyse these phenomena from the theoretical perspective of the migration transition that was experienced in the second half of the twentieth century by most countries in Western, Northern and Southern Europe. I attempt to answer the question of whether the latest migration phenomena prove that this transition is also occurring in Poland. In conclusion, I argue that the available toKeywords: migra date evidence provides an affirmative answer to this question.

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Authors and Affiliations

Marek Okólski

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ORCID:

Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, Poland

Instructions for authors

Article in English (British English) or Polish should be submitted as MS Word file (*.doc or *.docx) or Rich Text Format (*.rtf) by e-mail to: ceemr@uw.edu.pl.
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