The article is devoted to topical issues of energy saving management of a business organization.
The concept and essence of saving are considered. Based on the systematization of the totality of
manifestations of saving energy, the following types are distinguished: economic, ecological, ecological-
economic, reputation and social. External and internal factors of saving energy in a business
organization are identified, which reflect the conditions of its operation in the context of saving
energy. It is determined that energy efficiency barriers, which are proposed to be divided into technical-
economic, organizational-behavioral and cognitive, characterize the energy saving process in
terms of restraining factors in improving the efficiency of fuel and energy resources, reflect specific
obstacles within the energy saving process in a particular business organizations and are of an
intra-organizational nature. It is determined that to improve energy saving processes in a business
organization the use cycles of continuous development, in particular, the Deming cycle is advisable.
For the purposes of energy management, the use an appropriate business model that determines
the order of formation of the economic advantage of the entity through energy savings and reflects
a set of solutions that characterize the process of creating value for stakeholders are advisable.
Based on the formalization of the business model of energy efficiency of the business organization,
the use of an saving energy program aimed at removing barriers to energy efficiency and the impact
on internal energy saving factors, as they are the levers that a business organization can influence to
improve energy efficiency, is proposed.
Renewable energy development is crucial for resolving global warming issues and achieving
sustainable development goals. The objective of this paper is to reveal renewable energy trends
using statistical data to identify the most developed technologies in the field, their distribution by
territory, checking the interrelation between investments in R&D and patent activity.
The changes in total investments made in renewables are studied for 2004–2019 and the increasing
trend has been observed with some fluctuations in certain years, major current investments in solar
and wind energy are detected. The dynamics of international patenting activity in solar and wind
technologies, geothermal and fuel cells, the total number of PCT applications over the past 10 years
by geographic region are considered. The results show some differences across various renewable
technologies. Solar is the most patented, wind and fuel cells are less patented but solar and wind
have shown an uptrend for the last five years, while fuel cell technologies showed a decline after
2008. Geothermal is the least patented.
The comparison between investment and patent application trends in renewables undercovers some
important issues – the leading role of Japan in patenting under the PCT procedure, while China is
a major investor in renewable energy; the US and Europe with big investments in renewables are
also leading in patent registration.
Correlation between investment in R&D and patenting activity in the field of global renewable
energy should be emphasized (correlation coefficient R = 0,849 for 2002–2019). Since private
and public investment is strongly stimulated by domestic renewable energy policies, IP indicators
can help identify policy instruments and their effectiveness within the further research
framework.
The article aims to study the determinants of the energy policy implementation process from
risks and danger perspectives by building the risk management system model. The research methodology
is based on the application of the risk map to the energy policy. Our results confirmed
that the risk map could be applied in the energy industry to identify the risks and to implement the
energy policy risk management system model which will prevent critical uncertainties and risk
structure, identified from the risk map as well as bring the energy industry to the future state by
implementing scenarios and strategies, developed by the World Energy Council. The research limitations
are that the main limits are concerned with the lack of the evaluation results of the energy
policy risks aimed for the system management of the changes which these risks may introduce. No
empirical study has been conducted. The application of the risk map is related in a major part to
the enterprise level with financial and technical purposes of changes. In the research we made an
attempt to develop the managerial recommendations for the regulators on how to make a transitions
of risks to opportunities of introducing and managing changes in the framework of the energy
policy risk management system model. The originality/ value of the paper consists firstly, in the innovativeness
of applying the tool of matrix forecasting to the energy sector; secondly, in providing
a supporting tool to policy-makers and managers decisions.
This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion
on developing the free-carbon economy in Ukraine. The main purpose of the paper is elaborating
the energy efficiency profile of Ukraine to assure the development of the free-carbon economy. To
achieve this purpose, the authors carried out an investigation in the following logical sequence.
Firstly, the bibliometric analysis of 4674 of the most cited articles indexed by the Scopus database
was conducted. The obtained findings indicated that the green economy transformation depended
on the main factors such as economic performance, corruption, macroeconomic stability, social
welfare, shadow economy etc. As a result, the forecast of the final energy consumption to 2030
was performed. The methodological tool of this research is based on the Autoregressive Integrated
Moving Average (ARIMA) model. This study involved data of the Visegrad countries (Poland, the
Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Hungary) and Ukraine from 2000 to 2018. The base of
data is Eurostat, the EU statistical service. Based on the obtained results of analyzing the green
economic transformation in the Visegrad countries and Ukraine, the authors intimated the existence
of the significant energy-efficient gap in Ukraine compared to the analyzed countries. In reliance on
the experience of the Visegrad countries and the forecast results, the authors provided the main recommendations
for providing the green transforming in Ukraine. The authors highlighted that the obtained
results of this paper were considered to be the base for future investigations considering the influence
of endogenous and exogenous factors on developing the free-carbon economy in Ukraine.
The article reveals the problems of the formation and implementation of Ukraine’s energy policy
from the beginning of its independence to the present day. The specificities of the fuel and energy
sector of the country’s economy, the main stages of formation, macroeconomic conditions and the
problems of its transformation were analyzed. The slow and contradictory processes of reforming
Ukraine’s fuel and energy complex throughout the period of its independence and the fact that the
inconsistency with the main directions of the economic policy did not ensure its effective transformation
have been proven. The results of the OECD assessment of progress towards the main
objectives implementation of the Ukraine’s Energy Strategy have been presented. It was noted that
the results of the research suggest that the progress in achieving the goals of Ukraine’s Energy Strategy
is ambiguous, therefore the strategy needs to be refined accordingly. There are two main factors
moving away from the formal and declarative nature of Ukraine’s energy policy to its realistic model.
Firstly – an international factor associated with Ukraine’s extending involvement in international cooperation
within the energy sector, Ukraine’s international commitments to reform the energy sector
towards increasing energy efficiency, green energy, etc. Another – the crisis factor – as a result of the
energy policy of the Russian Federation. It was noted that the role of these factors in the future will
remain determining. The need to improve Ukraine’s energy policy, taking the current trends in the
development of the world energy system, new challenges and threats to politico-military and energy
confrontation with the Russian Federation into account, has been proven.
The research is devoted to the organization of the energy policy objectives implementation
through programs. A country’s energy policy can be monitored in many ways. The article proposes
to consider the implementation of energy policy objectives with the budget programs maintenance
on the example of Ukraine. Budget programs make it possible to trace the dynamics of changes in
the aim and directions of the authorities’ energy policy, implemented for budgetary funds. With the
budget programs since 2002 in Ukraine, it was possible to trace the increase in spending on the coal
industry, highlight the funding forced of negative consequences in the energy sector and separate
the steps to develop an energy strategy. Changes in the totality of energy policy budget programs
are shown, their contents are considered. The decrease in the budget programs number associated
both with the enlargement of their aim and with the withdrawal expenses for reconstruction and
social protection of those affected by the previous energy activities from the budget funding. To
assess budget programs planning and implementation uniformity the author’s integrated indicator is
proposed. It takes the funding level and the quality indicator implementation on assignment directions
into account. The calculation of the indicator showed that the expenditures for the general
management of the energy policy and for scientific development are planned in the programs more
evenly than the expenses for the energy strategy implementation.
Energy is a basic industry for any economy and ensures the country’s security, including economic
security. The purpose of the article is to analyze the reform of the energy sector in Ukraine
for successful integration into the energy sector of the European Union. The state of the energy
industry from 2003 to 2018 is analyzed. The following main reasons for the decrease in electricity
generation in Ukraine are identified – a decrease in production volumes, the annexation of Crimea
and the anti-terrorist operation in the east of Ukraine, a decrease in the volume of energy output
from Thermal Power Plants due to aging capacities, difficulties with raw materials, low efficiency,
which, however, has a good effect on the environment due to a decrease carbon dioxide emissions.
The directions of reforming the electric power industry of Ukraine are considered in the context of
“industry-market-company”. Four electricity market models are analyzed and the new model of the
competitor’s market for electricity in Ukraine with contract market, spot market, the balancing market
is substantiated. The structure of the segments of the new electricity market and the participants
are proposed. More than half of the electricity market is provided by nuclear power, which ranks
the 5th in the world in terms of installed capacity. The analysis of the performance indicators of the
nuclear company for 2007–2019 showed significant reserves for the company’s growth, which are
being successfully implemented through strategic development projects and phased corporatization
of the company as a tool of unbundling. The main challenges of implementation a new market
model are analyzed and solutions are proposed.
The Ukrainian energy sector’s crucial problems, in particular, the outmoded equipment, the power
infrastructure shortcoming and a significant backlog in the energy supply quality from the European
one, based on the SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index) indicator comparison,
has been disclosed in this article. A considerable break in the energy supply quality in both
rural and urban settlements has been also revealed. The current state of the alternative energy development
has been described, the energy generation structure, as well as the rates of development
of the renewable energy sources’ usage have been analyzed. Some challenges in the imbalance of
the renewable energy sources’ usage and their analyzed consequences have been identified, among
others, the generation volume abruptness by both SPP and WPP, requiring maneuvering with the
traditional sources’ employer. The negative effect of the “green” tariff as the main priming stimulus
for the renewable energy facilities’ construction has been proven. Generally and particularly, the
financial influence level on the state has been analyzed, being manifested in the debts’ accumulation
to energy producers. The residual capability of solving the problems of alternative energy
development has been considered, in particular, the “green” auctions announced by the state, the
formation of the optimal predicted level of energy generation by SPP and WPP in order to prevent
sharp disparities in both electricity demand and supply. The biogas plants’ facilities as a ponderable
choice to both solar and wind generation have been analyzed.
The article examines the trends in the development of renewable energy in Ukraine in accordance
with the long-term strategy of the energy sector of the state in the context of the transformation
of employment in the energy sector of the country. It is emphasized that investments in renewable
energy technologies create more jobs compared to traditional electricity generation technologies.
It is defined that in Ukraine there is a significant untapped potential for energy efficiency, which
requires accelerating the pace of modernization and development of renewable energy sources and
raises the issue of labor supply to the industry. It was emphasized that there are a number of opportunities
for the development of the energy sector of Ukraine related to the development of renewable
energy sources. It is underlined that the formation of territorial-industrial clusters in Ukraine
for the production of equipment for solar and wind energy with a closed production cycle forms
long-term prerequisites for socio-economic stability in the country and stimulates employment. It is
substantiated that an important reserve for increasing employment in Ukraine is to ensure the energy
efficiency of buildings. At the same time, it was noted that in the field of renewable energy and
energy efficiency in Ukraine there is a significant shortage of qualified technicians and specialists
in the field of innovative technologies, which confirms the importance of studying the problem of
labor support in the industry. It is determined that today the solution of the issue of labor supply
of the industry takes place mainly at the level of enterprises that invest in the development of their
own staff.
In this article, the author will try to conditionally transform the energy capacities of NNEGC
Energoatom by converting a liability into an asset using the example of bitcoin. With a surplus of
nuclear power generation, one of the modern tools for using excess electricity is directing it to cryptocurrency
mining. The author of the article will try to calculate the possibilities of Ukrainian NPPs
in the cryptoindustry market by analyzing the competitiveness, market trends and the approximate
profitability of this kind of activity. The essence of the article lies in the intervention of the state
energy giant in completely new activities, partial monopolization of the market and interference
in the activities of decentralized cryptocurrencies, as well as the very novelty of combining two
different fields of activity and the global nature of the consequences. Mining can be used to convert
the underdeveloped electricity or all of Energoatom’s capacities totally, but at the same time it can
also affect the cryptoasset market in the field of decentralization, as the primary cost factor to affect
the price of assets and allow for obtaining super-profits at a state enterprise. The author of the article
tries to understand the profitability of such actions and, in general, to understand the globality
of the idea. The results of the entry of the national energy giant into the cryptoasset market will
change the global processes in the ecosystem of the cryptoindustry and change the situation both
on the electricity market in the region and, in general, will affect the processes of globalization and
unification of the financial sectors of the economy.
en
pl
