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Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal

Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal

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Czasopismo Polityka Energetyczna – Energy Policy Journal stanowi forum wymiany myśli z zakresu szeroko pojętej polityki energetycznej w kraju i na świecie. Periodyk ukazuje się nieprzerwanie od 1998 roku. Jest otwarte na prace naukowców z Polski i zagranicy. Jest dostępne w otwartym repozytorium. W czasopiśmie publikowane są artykuły w języku polskim lub angielskim. Wszystkie artykuły są recenzowane przez dwóch niezależnych recenzentów (redakcja przestrzega zasady double blind review).

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Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
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  • Editor-in-Chief: Eugeniusz Mokrzycki
  • Deputy Editor-in-Chief: Lidia Gawlik (section: utilization of energy resources)
  • Editorial Secretary: Katarzyna Stala-Szlugaj (section: fuels and energy)
  • Deputy Editorial Secretary: Jacek Kamiński (section: energy)
  • Statistical Editor: Jacek Mucha
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  • Rolf Bracke, Professor, The International Geothermal Centre Hochschule, Bochum, Germany
  • Tadeusz Chmielniak, DSc(Eng), Professor, The Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
  • Mariusz Filipowicz, DSc(Eng), Associate Professor, The AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
  • Anatoliy Goncharuk, Professor, The International Humanitarian University, Odessa, Ukraine
  • Ernst Huenges, Professor, The GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany
  • Louis Jestin, Adjunct Professor, The University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, RSA
  • Gudni Johannesson, PhD(Eng), Orkustofnun, The Icelandic National Energy Authority, Reykjavik, Iceland
  • Jacek Marecki, DSc(Eng), Professor, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
  • Nuria Rabanal, PhD, The University of Leon, Leon, Spain
  • Jakub Siemek, DSc(Eng), Professor, The AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland
  • Jan Soliński, PhD, Polish Member of the Committee of the WEC, Warsaw, Poland
  • Namejs Zeltins, DSc(Eng), Professor, The Institute of Physical Energetics, Riga, Latvia
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  • Michelle Atallah – linguistic editor (English)
  • Beata Stankiewicz – technical editor
Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences
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Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4

1 The impact of energy efficiency policy on Ukraine’s green brand: a bibliometrics analysis
Yana Us , Tetyana Pimonenko , Oleksii Lyulyov
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 5-18
Keywords: green brand green growth energy efficiency policy bibliometrics analysis
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Abstract

This paper summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the impact of energy-efficient development on promoting the national green brand. The primary purpose of the research is to provide an overview of the scientific background devoted to the relationship between the energy efficiency policy and the country’s green brand to identify the potential research gaps and highlight the prospects for particular research directions. The systematization of scientific publications presented in the Scopus database showed a rapid tendency for publication activity on the investigated theme from 2000 to 2020. However, there has remained a deficiency in investigating the role of energy efficiency policy in formulating the country’s green brand. Therefore, it is appropriate to screen out the relevant publications to detect the future research directions in boosting energy efficiency for strengthening Ukraine’s green brand. To obtain the objectives of this study, the paper is presented in the following logical sequence: determining the keywords to find the relevant publications; searching the publications; conducting the evaluation analysis by specific metrics; applying the bibliometric analysis for the investigation of keywords and their co-occurrence. The co-occurrence analysis was performed using the VOSviewer software tools. The study sample consists of 3090 publications indexed in the Scopus database. The study involved documents published from 2000 to 2020. The research identified the most productive authors, prestigious scientific journals, and the most contributing countries and institutions. The publications were clustered into five thematic groups, which indicate the main research directions. The authors specified the prosperous lines for future research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yana Us
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetyana Pimonenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksii Lyulyov
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Marketing, Sumy State University, Ukraine
2 Gender equality in the energy sector: analysis and empowerment
Olena Shatilova , Tetiana Sobolieva , Oleksandr Vostryakov
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 19-42
Keywords: gender gap energy sector gender balance gender equality institutional conditions
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Abstract

This article is devoted to topical issues of gender equality in the energy sector. It is a retrospective analysis of the problem of gender equality over the past 50 years in various countries and sectors of the economy. The situation with the improvement of the gender balance in general is changing, but unevenly, which increases the relevance of attention to the gender factor in policy development, particularly in the energy sector. It has been established that in the energy sector, there remain so-called “glass walls” and “glass ceilings” for the development of women’s professional careers, which leads to horizontal and vertical segregation. The main barriers to gender balance in the energy sector are highlighted. The institutional conditions for ensuring gender equality in the energy sector have allowed for a more comprehensive view of the problem of gender occupational segregation. A number of institutional problems of gender equality in the energy sector are highlighted and characterized. These include: inconsistency of formal norms of gender equality and existing economic practices; lack of gender mainstreaming in energy policy making due to insufficient attention to social relations; the creation of additional tensions in industrial relations to ensure gender equality; unemployment of able-bodied women due to segregation in the labor market in the energy sector., Using a number of practical proposals for ensuring gender equality at the industrial and company levels, the authors propose a conceptual model of institutional support for gender equality in the energy sector. The implementation of these proposals would help eliminate gender imbalances in the energy sector and promote the development of energy companies on a sustainable basis.
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Authors and Affiliations

Olena Shatilova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana Sobolieva
1
ORCID: ORCID
Oleksandr Vostryakov
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Management, SHEE “Kyiv National Economic University named after Vadym Hetman”, Kyiv, Ukraine
3 Environmental management policy: an assessment of ecological and energy indicators and effective regional management (on the example of Ukraine)
Nadiia Shmygol , Olga Galtsova , Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov , Saule Bazarbayeva
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 43-60
Keywords: ecological and energy indicators environmental and energy efficiency environmental protection measures
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Abstract

In this article, in accordance with the results of calculations, the authors argue that at the end of 2019, the main problems of the vast majority of regions of Ukraine are low environmental and energy efficiency and insufficient environmental protection measures. The cluster analysis allowed us to identify common territorial groups in terms of their conditions of existence and to develop practical recommendations for priority measures of state management. The quality of clustering was checked using the silhouette measure indicator, which was used to justify the optimal number of regions, which proved to be five. Cluster І includes the Dnipropetrovsk and Zaporizhia regions. The gradual replacement of heavy industry with high-tech activities is inevitable. Cluster ІІІ includes the Volyn, Ternopil, Kherson, Khmelnytsky, Zhytomyr and Rivne regions. It is necessary to further develop the economy of the regions in compliance with environmental standards while taking into account the recommendations of the first cluster. Cluster IV consists of Donetsk and Luhansk regions. It is impossible to fully restore the economy of the eastern regions and its infrastructure in these conditions. Therefore, the task of public administration today is to ensure social standards of living and support the least protected segments of the population. Cluster V was built on the basis of Zakarpattia and Chernivtsi regions. The priority of state regulation should be the development of small and medium enterprises. Cluster II includes all other areas. Their economic growth must be transformed not only into the social sphere but also into technological re-equipment. The change of commodity orientation and the departure from raw material production in favor of technological is a necessary condition for maintaining the competitiveness of the economy in today’s globalization. Increasing the cost of environmental measures should be a priority.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nadiia Shmygol
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olga Galtsova
2
ORCID: ORCID
Kostiantyn Shaposhnykov
3
ORCID: ORCID
Saule Bazarbayeva
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. «Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic» National University, Ukraine
  2. Classic Private University, Ukraine
  3. State Scientific Institution “Institute for Modernization of the Content of Education” of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, Ukraine
  4. L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Kazakhstan
4 Prospects and efficiency measurement of artificial intelligence in the management of enterprises in the energy sector in the era of Industry 4.0
Hanna Doroshuk
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 61-76
Keywords: artificial intelligence efficiency measurement risks of artificial intelligence Industry 4.0
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Abstract

The evolution of the economy and the formation of Industry 4.0 lead to an increase in the importance of intangible assets and the digitization of all processes at energy enterprises. This involves the use of technologies such as the Internet of Things, Big Data, predictive analytics, cloud computing, machine learning, artificial intelligence, robotics, 3D printing, augmented reality etc. Of particular interest is the use of artificial intelligence in the energy sector, which opens up such prospects as increased safety in energy generation, increased energy efficiency, and balanced energy-generation processes. The peculiarity of this particular instrument of Industry 4.0 is that it combines the processes of digitalization and intellectualization in the enterprise and forms a new part of the intellectual capital of the enterprise. The implementation of artificial intelligence in the activities of energy companies requires consideration of the features and stages of implementation. For this purpose, a conceptual model of artificial intelligence implementation at energy enterprises has been formed, which contains: the formation of the implementation strategy; the design process; operation and assessment of artificial intelligence. The introduction of artificial intelligence is a large-scale and rather costly project; therefore, it is of interest to assess the effectiveness of using artificial intelligence in the activities of energy companies. Efficiency measurement is proposed in the following areas: assessment of economic, scientific and technical, social, marketing, resource, financial, environmental, regional, ethical and cultural effects as well as assessment of the types of risks associated with the introduction of artificial intelligence.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hanna Doroshuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Menegement, Odessa Polytechnic State University, Ukraine
5 The financing of renewable energy development projects in Ukraine
Svitlana O. Kropelnytska , Tetiana V. Mayorova
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 77-88
Keywords: renewable energy development projects financial resources financial instruments renewable energy sources
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Abstract

The article aims to explore the determinants of the process of attracting financial resources for implementing renewable (alternative) energy development projects in Ukraine. The authors review and systematize the sources of funding and innovative financial instruments available for developing renewable energy sources (RES) in developing countries. Based on this, a pool of financial resources/RES development tools available for investment in Ukraine has been formed. It is proposed to build a model of the optimal structure of sources of financing renewable energy development projects. The research is founded on the forecasted schedule for increasing the share of RES in the national energy balance of Ukraine up until 2035. The limitations are connected with the lack of factual data on sources/instruments of funding in the field of RES. The model enables the prediction of the amount of funds that need to be allocated to finance renewable energy development projects, while optimizing the structure of their potential funding. The originality/value of the article lies firstly in the innovative application of the optimization model for forecasting the aggregate structure of funding sources in the energy sector; secondly, in the possibility of testing the model in practice and monitoring RES development projects in the territorial communities of the Carpathian region of Ukraine on the basis of the project-educational center for the development of innovations and investments in the region; thirdly, the proposed model can be used in the activities of state authorities and institutions of Ukraine for forming the policy of supporting alternative energy development projects.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svitlana O. Kropelnytska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tetiana V. Mayorova
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Finance ; Project and Educational Centre „Agents of Changes” PNU, Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University, Ukraine
  2. Department of Corporate Finance and Controlling, Vadym Hetman Kyiv National Economic University, Ukraine
6 The development of renewable energy in the world in the context of employment transformation
Svitlana Kalinina , Olena Lyndiuk , Vasyl Savchenko , Valeriya Podunay , Svitlana Lanska , Eduard Savchenko
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 89-104
Keywords: renewable energy renewable energy employment employment trends energy transition investment
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Abstract

This article is devoted to the worldwide development of renewable energy in connection to the development of the socio-economic system and employment transformations. It is emphasized that the use of renewable energy sources is growing extremely fast globally, and it is generating positive socio-economic effects such as creating jobs worldwide. It is noted that in contrast to the situation in the field of traditional energy, the number of vacancies in the field of renewable energy continues to grow; photovoltaic, bioenergy, hydropower and wind forms of renewable energy are powerful employers in the world economy. It is noted that the increase in the number of people employed in the field of renewable energy is a consequence of the decentralized nature of the sector, as a result of which, renewable energy technologies produce more vacancies per unit of investment compared to traditional electricity generation technologies. It has been emphasized that the further development of renewable energy depends on the volume of investment in the creation of production facilities, which contributes to the further creation of jobs. Furthermore, it has been determined that the problem of renewable energy staffing is also extremely relevant for Ukraine. It is noted that the current system of training for this energy sector does not meet the long-term requirements; the increase of energy efficiency and the development of renewable energy transform the qualification requirements for employees, which requires the transformation of approaches to the training and development of employees.
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Authors and Affiliations

Svitlana Kalinina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Lyndiuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Savchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Valeriya Podunay
1
ORCID: ORCID
Svitlana Lanska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Eduard Savchenko
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Theoretical and Applied Economics Department, Ukrainian State Employment Service Training Institute, Ukraine
7 The impact of the natural gas price on industrial performance during a hybrid war
Anatoliy G. Goncharuk , Valeria Liashenko-Shcherbakova , Natalia Chaika
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 105-120
Keywords: natural gas price change performance indicators hybrid war industries Ukraine
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Abstract

In the contemporary world, natural gas is one of the focuses of hybrid wars and is used as a tool of international economic and political pressure to gain appropriate benefits. The long-term pressure of Russia on Ukraine using a combination of military, political, economic, information and energy tools is one of the most striking cases of applying natural gas as a weapon in a hybrid war. Exploring the case of Ukraine, the authors confirmed the hypothesis about the change in the impact of the prices of natural gas on the performance of its industrial consumers during a hybrid war. The study covered three industrial sectors that are major consumers of natural gas – the metallurgy, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The data of nine key companies of these industries for the period 2006–2019 were analyzed; this period was divided into two parts – before the hybrid war (2006–2013) and during it (2014–2019). The authors identified the heterogeneity of the influence of natural gas prices on the performance of different industrial enterprises. However, since the onset of the hybrid war, all of them have shown a reducing correlation of natural gas prices with all the analyzed performance indicators – operating profitability, material-output ratio, and labor productivity. The study managed to build reliable regression models that allow defining the prices of natural gas for the chemical industry and metallurgy, above which these industries in Ukraine become unprofitable. The defined critical levels have a practical implication since they can be tools for regulating natural gas prices for various industrial sectors.
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Authors and Affiliations

Anatoliy G. Goncharuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Valeria Liashenko-Shcherbakova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Natalia Chaika
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Management, International Humanitarian University, Ukraine
8 Conceptual provisions of the transformation of the national energy system of Ukraine in the context of the European Green Deal
Nataliia Trushkina , Alireza Pahlevanzade , Alborz Pahlevanzade , Yevgen Maslennikov
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 121-138
Keywords: state energy policy national energy system renewable energy eco-energy cluster green technologies green economics
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Abstract

This article is aimed at the scientific and methodological substantiation of conceptual provisions for the transformation of the national energy system of Ukraine through the formation of eco- -energy clusters. The article analyses international reports on the development of green energy in different countries. An analysis of the dynamics of energy consumption in Ukraine on the basis of renewable sources for 2007–2019 is performed. An algorithm for making a management decision on the transition to renewable energy sources is proposed. In order to transform the national energy system, a conceptual approach to the formation of an eco-energy cluster as an element of innovation infrastructure based on smart specialization is substantiated. It is proven that this structure should be in the form of the partnership of energy companies, business structures, research institutions, higher education institutions, institutions of logistics, energy and innovation infrastructure, and government agencies. This, in turn, will provide a synergistic effect (economic, environmental, social) by improving a number of existing legislations on alternative energy sources, which would increase the economic efficiency of their production, such as: the development of investment projects to attract additional investments in this industry; state guarantees to producers of “clean” energy for its purchase at fixed tariffs; ensuring the level of energy security of Ukraine through the modernization of the network of existing power plants to increase the level of their reliability and uninterrupted operation; the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion of traditional fuels.
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Authors and Affiliations

Nataliia Trushkina
1
ORCID: ORCID
Alireza Pahlevanzade
2
ORCID: ORCID
Alborz Pahlevanzade
3
ORCID: ORCID
Yevgen Maslennikov
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Department of Regulatory Policy and Entrepreneurship Development, Institute of Industrial Economics of National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Ukraine
  2. Vice-Rector for International Relations, International Humanitarian University, Ukraine
  3. Department of International Law and Comparative Law, International Humanitarian University, Ukraine
  4. Department of Management and Innovations, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
9 Digital public goods as a means to support affordable and clean energy
Iryna Nyenno , Vyacheslav Truba , Iryna Lomachynska , Olena Mazur
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 139-152
Keywords: energy system digital public goods sustainable development goal value
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Abstract

The importance of increasing the level of renewable energy sources is connected with the fact that its share in the total volume of energy consumption is still insufficient. This is why this article focuses on the development of the motivation system aimed at the more active transition to renewable sources consumption in the balanced combination alongside the traditional sources. The research question is whether digital public goods (DPG) may be a mean to support “Affordable and Clean Energy’’ use. The theoretical approach to our research problem is stakeholder’s theory, while the concept applied to the motivation mechanism implementation is the United Nations Organization’s concept of sustainable development goals (SDG). The research design is as follows: study of the actual data of energy structure of the world economy; identification of the current instruments of renewable energy distribution; analysis of the DPG as a perspective form of the sustainable energy behavior introduced [AO1] in the digitalized environment; definition of the energy industry stakeholders; development of the architecture of energy consumption by DPG application to reach SDG “Affordable and Clean Energy”. The main findings of the study are that DPG has been found to be a relevant means for the motivation and support of sustainable energy behavior through the architecture of energy consumption, based on research and development, customer relationship management, corporate social responsibility – sustainable development, technical implementation, and the diversity of traditional and alternative sources of energy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Iryna Nyenno
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vyacheslav Truba
2
ORCID: ORCID
Iryna Lomachynska
3
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Mazur
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Management and Innovations, Odessa I.I Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
  2. Civil and Law Disciplines, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
  3. Economics and Entrepreneurship, Odessa I.I. Mechnikov National University, Ukraine
10 Modeling the environmental and economic effect of value added created in the energy service market
Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi , Vasyl Brych , Olena Borysiak , Mykhailo Fedirko , Nataliya Dziubanovska , Nataliya Halysh
Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal | 2021 | vol. 24 | No 4 | 153-164
Keywords: sustainable development green energy value added energy market energy service companies (ESCO)
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Abstract

The introduction of energy conservation and resource conservation measures has a positive impact on the environment and is one of the components of sustainable development at the macro level. In turn, at the micro level, such measures lead to a systematic decrease in the production costs of companies and thereby expand their economic and financial security. This article is devoted to the development of methodological tools for modeling the environmental and economic effect of added value created in the energy service market. For this, the peculiarities and components of the energy service contract have been identified. It has been established that one of the indicators of the conclusion of such a contract is the indicator of energy efficiency and environmental friendliness of measures in the structure of the added value of an energy service company. An analysis of existing models of added value created in the energy service market is carried out. A model of economic value added is taken as the basis for modeling the ecological and economic effect of added value created in the energy service market. The rationale is that such value-added is a modification of the economic profit indicator, which measures the financial result of a company, considering not only accounting costs but also the opportunity costs of invested capital for energy efficiency and environmental measures.
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Authors and Affiliations

Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Vasyl Brych
2
ORCID: ORCID
Olena Borysiak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mykhailo Fedirko
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliya Dziubanovska
2
ORCID: ORCID
Nataliya Halysh
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. West Ukrainian National University, Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ukraine
  2. West Ukrainian National University, Ukraine

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