Polityka Energetyczna - Energy Policy Journal

In this article, the subject of investigation is high-voltage overhead transmission lines. As known, such lines exhibit the phenomenon of “conductor galloping.” Conductor galloping involves low-frequency oscillations with a significant amplitude, typically occurring during windy and icy conditions. These oscillations can be considered a factor that reduces the reliability of the power supply. This article aims to enhance the efficiency of using high-voltage overhead transmission lines under ice and wind conditions through the systematization of scattered information and knowledge, as well as the potential for discovering new directions in the study of conductor galloping. The analysis includes examining the results of multi-year statistical data observations on conductor galloping in power systems. Theoretical models of galloping are considered based on equations of dynamics and energy balance. Experimental data is obtained by observing a conductor galloping at a test site with the registration of vibration parameters. General reliability issues of overhead transmission lines are addressed. Results of statistical studies are analyzed, covering the complex conditions favoring the occurrence of conductor galloping, typical damages to elements of power lines, and an assessment of the expected intensity of galloping. The article presents the results from theoretical and experimental research, including physical and mathematical models of conductor galloping, conditions for instability of icy conductors in a wind flow, and some findings from experiments conducted at the test site. Methods to combat the phenomenon of “conductor galloping” are identified, providing a brief overview and analysis of existing measures to suppress conductor galloping. Suggestions are made for using the most effective and economical damper for conductor galloping in the split phase of the power line. The data presented in the article reveal key issues related to conductor galloping, existing methods for their resolution, and new avenues for researching this phenomenon and promising ideas.

In light of growing environmental concerns and the gradual depletion of conventional energy sources, the development of an efficient technology to process all types of limestone waste using solar energy becomes a crucial step towards a sustainable and environmentally friendly industry. The purpose of this study was to create an innovative technology that can efficiently process various limestone wastes with minimal environmental impact and utilize solar energy as the primary energy source. The study used data on geographical coordinates, solar radiation, hours of sunlight, radiation, climate, and lighting conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan to assess the potential of solar energy and its impact on the radiation balance and climatic conditions of the country. The creation of innovative technology for processing limestone waste to produce a new building material will reduce the cost of stone extraction, minimize waste accumulation, and improve the environmental situation. This is achieved by optimizing the processing using solar energy, which contributes to the environmental sustainability of production and reduces the consumption of fuel and energy resources in concrete production. The study involved both theoretical and practical experiments to optimise the technological processes of limestone waste processing using solar energy. Furthermore, the environmental conditions of the quarries and solar energy resources were analyzed for the application of solar technology.

The necessity to enhance and reevaluate the safety of energy infrastructure has been brought to light by the ongoing crisis in Ukraine. This paper examines the current status of the Ukrainian energy system, with particular attention paid to legislative frameworks and the possible incorporation of cutting-edge technologies for improved protection. The principal objective is to evaluate the efficacy of current legislation and suggest enhancements to ensure the safety of vital infrastructure. To do this, the study thoroughly examines Ukrainian energy laws, pointing out both the advantages and disadvantages of the existing legal system. Reviewing the laws and rules that guarantee energy facilities’ lawful operation and operational integrity is part of the investigation. By examining several theoretical perspectives on the notion of the „energy system,” the research develops a thorough definition and pinpoints the essential elements and traits of the system. The study examines the requirements for vital infrastructure, setting the energy system apart from the more significant fuel and energy industry. The criticality levels and the responsibilities of the relevant authorities in overseeing these infrastructures are assessed in the study. A study of international documents also emphasizes how critical it is to uphold established norms and mitigate any risks that energy infrastructure may encounter.

Developing countries face significant challenges in their electricity sector, including outdated infrastructure, insufficient generation capacity, and underdeveloped electricity markets. Solar photovoltaic systems combined with batteries (PV-BES) for residential consumers present a viable solution to help address these challenges. To support the deployment of such technologies, it is essential to establish well-designed compensation mechanisms that encourage investment in the sector. Using Ecuador as a case study, this research aims to analyze, through an optimization tool, the techno-economic performance of PV-BES systems for different consumer categories under various scenarios – Business as Usual (BAU) and Without Subsidies (NoSub) – as well as under different compensation mechanisms, namely Feed-in Tariff (FiT), Net Metering (NM), and Net Billing (NB). The results show that current electricity price subsidies significantly discourage investment in new solar capacity in the residential sector, particularly for low-electricity consumers. Eliminating subsidies would result in a more competitive LCOE across all consumer categories, making the adoption of PV-BES systems more viable. Finally, to promote PV-BES adoption while ensuring a fair distribution of benefits among all actors, customized compensation mechanisms tailored to each consumer category are necessary. Otherwise, high electricity consumption categories would receive the greatest benefits, potentially leading to inequities in the system.

Miscanthus is one of the most promising energy crops for growing on the infertile soils of Ukraine. Miscanthus cultivation will significantly increase Ukraine’s energy independence and reduce the use of solid fuels. The research studies the specifics of using Miscanthus giganteus Terravesta AthenaTM. Guidelines have been developed regarding the peculiarities of pre-sowing storage of rhizomes, application of mineral fertilizers, and planting rhizomes in the ridge using GIS technologies. It allows us to obtain high germination capacity (more than 94%), effectively use soil moisture reserves at the beginning of the vegetation period, control weeds, and form the yield of vegetative mass at the level of 14.53 t/ha in the first year of vegetation, and in the second year of vegetation, it will achieve a stable yield due to the optimal planting density. Cultivation of Miscanthus giganteus of hybrid Terra vesta AthenaTM, especially on marginal lands, will provide valuable raw materials for the production of solid biofuel (pellets) that meets European standards by its essential environmental and energy characteristics.

The energy and calorific value of Miscanthus biomass are high, and less carbon dioxide enters the atmosphere during its burning, which becomes its main advantage over other types of energy crops. The highest economic and energy effect can be obtained if the energy-saving elements of Miscanthus giganteus cultivation technology are followed (in particular, reducing the costs for weed control products) when cultivating biomass for biofuel, having created an energy conveyor to supply raw materials to the consumer.

The article discusses the challenges and opportunities of the coal sector in the context of Poland’s pursuit of climate neutrality by 2050. Key energy transformation strategies are analyzed, focusing on the modernization of coal combustion technologies, the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies, and the gradual diversification of energy sources. The text emphasizes that the role of the coal sector extends beyond emission reduction to include investments in innovative technologies and ensuring a just transition for mining regions.

The paper also examines the impact of energy policy and regulation on the future of the coal sector. It pointed out that transition support mechanisms, such as the Just Transition Fund and EU funding for energy modernization, are crucial. It emphasizes that achieving climate neutrality requires a gradual shift away from coal towards renewable energy sources, the development of energy storage technologies, and the implementation of smart grids.

The analysis of technical, economic, and social aspects points to the necessity of considering the interests of coal sector workers and local communities. Based on the study, the authors conclude that the future of the Polish energy sector depends on a skillful combination of technological innovation, effective transformation strategies, and appropriate support policies for regions dependent on coal mining. The article concludes with a summary and the most important findings.

In recent years, many countries have adopted the decentralization of their national climate policies to the regional level in the form of Territorial Climate Plans (TCPs). The aim is to streamline the planning and implementation of adaptation and mitigation measures against the impacts of climate change (CC). This article presents a comparative analysis of TCPs in four Mediterranean regions exacerbated by CC, including Marseille, Andalusia, Tangier, and Tunis. Key performance indicators (KPIs), as well as mitigation and adaptation strategies extracted from national reports and other official sources, were the focus of this comparison. The comparison of KPIs revealed that 78% of GHG emissions came from European regions. In terms of carbon sequestration, European regions also outperformed. In terms of the energy transition, the share of renewable energies (RE) in the energy mix is highest in Andalusia, with 39%, followed by Tangiers, Marseille, and Tunis, with 36, 4, and 3%, respectively.

An analysis of measures and initiatives (M&I) shows a shared focus on promoting renewable energies and energy efficiency in the building and industry sectors via tax incentives. For adaptation, regions focus on ecosystem restoration and coastal resilience. In conclusion, even if TCP alignment is strengthened, significant imbalances persist in GHG emissions. As such, this document is intended as an essential and valuable guide for decision-makers in drawing up and implementing their local climate plans. Focusing on KPIs as a guide to assessment could lead to effective management of local climate issues.

On the other hand, the strategic integration of fiscal incentives would promote local energy transition. Nature-based solutions could also emerge as crucial strategies for mitigating climate change and promoting the preservation of ecosystems. Moreover, mutual learning between regions could emerge as an effective strategy for strengthening measures and initiatives to combat climate challenges.

The prospect of constructing a nuclear power plant (NPP) in Kazakhstan has been intermittently discussed since the mid-1990s. It was not until 2021 that the issue received significant governmental attention due to predictions of an imminent energy deficit. An information imbalance exists, with authorities presenting the NPP as the sole solution to potential energy shortages and economic stagnation. The Kazakh government has announced a national referendum to decide, highlighting the country’s leadership in uranium production and the need to advance its nuclear science.

Despite these developments, significant concerns remain regarding the risks and consequences of building the NPP, as the public lacks sufficient information about the project’s prospects and potential impacts. The population has more questions than answers, reflecting a need for comprehensive and accurate information from the state.

Public engagement is essential for the successful implementation of the NPP project. The government has initiated public discussions and hearings to achieve consensus and address public concerns. These efforts are critical, as public support is necessary for the project.

This study explores public awareness, transparency, and trust in the government’s nuclear energy policy. It employs a sociological online survey to gauge public opinion and includes information from government materials, news articles, and a review of international experiences in nuclear energy. The findings underscore the importance of informed public engagement and transparent communication in successfully implementing nuclear energy projects in Kazakhstan.

This paper reviews the legal and regulatory framework in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) for connecting renewable energy production facilities. It assesses how well BiH’s regulations align with European Union (EU) standards for grid connections, focusing on stability criteria from the EU network code for generators. The paper also establishes a theoretical foundation for the transient stability of distributed generators and presents a verification methodology for distribution system operators in general. By developing a distribution network model and offering practical examples, this study aims to enhance the application of stability criteria, which are crucial for managing grids with high shares of renewable energy sources. This study underscores the importance of harmonized regulatory frameworks for the successful integration of renewable energy sources into the BiH power grid, aligning with the Energy Community Treaty objectives. It also identifies key gaps in the regulatory oversight of distribution networks, offering practical methodologies for distribution system operators to ensure compliance with stability requirements. Ultimately, this research provides actionable insights for policymakers, advancing practices for integrating renewable energy. These findings are essential not only for the sustainable expansion of renewable energy sources and the reliable operation of the distribution network but also for informing regulatory oversight and ensuring consistent implementation of EU standards across the sector.