Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Arslan MÖ, Sarı B, Kara M, Taşçı GT, İtik Ekinci A, Gündüz N (2012) Research on the Prevalence of Eimeria and Cryptosporidium Species in Cows in Periparturient Period in Kars Region. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg 18: 65-70.
Ayinmode AB, Fagbemi BO (2010) Prevalence of Crypto-sporidium infection in cattle from south western Nigeria. Vet Arh 80: 723-731.
Burgu A (1984) Preliminary studies on the occurrence of Cryptosporidia in calves in Turkey. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg 3: 573-585. Cole DJ (1997) Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum using the Kinyoun acid-fast stain. Proc Annu Conv AAEP 43: 409-410.
Doungmala P, Phuektes P, Taweenan W, Sangmaneedet S, Japa O (2019) Prevalence and species identification of Cryptosporidium spp. In the newborn dairy calves from Muang District, Khon Kaen Province, Thailand. Vet World 12: 1454-1459.
Döşkaya M, Caner A, Deǧirmenci A, Wengenack NL, Yolasığmaz A, Turgay T, Özensoy Töz S, Gürüz Y (2011) Degree and frequency of inhibition in a routine realtime PCR detecting Pneumocystis jirovecii for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in Turkey. J Med Microbiol 60: 937-944.
Elmi T, Gholami S, Rahimi-Esboei B, Garaili Z, Najm M, Tabatabaie F (2017) Comparison of sensitivity of sucrose gradient, Wet mount and formalin-ether in detecting protozoan Giardia lamblia in stool specimens of BALB/c mice. J Pure Appl Microbiol 11: 105-109.
Fayer R, Santín M, Macarisin D (2010) Cryptosporidium ubiquitum n. sp. in animals and humans. Vet Parasitol 172: 23-32.
Guy RA, Payment P, Krull UJ, Horgen PA (2003) R Real-time PCR for quantification of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in environmental water samples and sewage. Appl Environ Microbiol 69(9): 5178-85.
Hamnes IS, Gjerde B, Robertson L (2006) Prevalence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in dairy calves in three areas of Norway. Vet Parasitol 140: 204-216.
Hatam-Nahavandi K, Ahmadpour E, Carmena D, Spotin A, Bangoura B, Xiao L (2019) Cryptosporidium infections in terrestrial ungulates with focus on livestock: A syste- matic review and meta-analysis. Parasit Vectors 12: 1-23.
Ibrahim HS, Shehab AY, Allam AF, Mohamed MA, Farag HF, Tolba NM (2020) Detection and Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium Species Among Children with Malignancies. Acta Parasitol. 66 (2): 377-383.
Karakavuk M, Aldemir D, Mercier A, Atalay E, Can H, Murat JB, Döndüren Ö, Can Ş, Özdemir HG, Değirmenci Döşkaya A, Pektaş B, Darde ML, Gürüz AG, Döşkaya M (2018) Prevalence of toxoplasmosis and genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains isolated in wild birds of prey and their relation with previously isolated strains from Turkey. PLoS One 13: 1-17.
Karakavuk M, Can H, Selim N, Yeşilsiraz B, Atlı E, Atalay E, Demir F, Gül A, Özdemir HG, Alan N, Yalçın M, Özkurt O, Aras M, Çelik T, Can Ş, Değirmenci Döşkaya A, Gürüz AG, Döşkaya M (2021) Investigation of the role of stray cats for transmission of toxoplasmosis to humans and animals living in Izmir, Turkey. J Infect Dev Ctries 15: 155-162.
Kehl KS, Cicirello H, Havens PL (1995) Comparison of four different methods for detection of Cryptosporidium species. J Clin Microbiol 33: 416-418.
Morgan UM, Pallant L, Dwyer BW, Rich G, Thompson RC (1998) Comparison of PCR and microscopy for detection of Cryptosporidium parvum in human fecal specimens: Clinical trial. J Clin Microbiol 36: 995-998.
Muthusamy D, Rao SS, Ramani S, Monica B, Banerjee I, Abraham OC, Mathai DC, Primrose B, Muliyil J, Wanke CA, Ward HD, Kang G (2006) Multilocus genotyping of Cryptosporidium sp. isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals in South India. J Clin Microbiol 44: 632-634.
Naciri M, Lefay M, Mancassola R, Poirier P, Chermette R (1999) Role of Cryptosporidium parvum as a pathogen in neonatal diarrhoea com-plex in suckling and dairy calves in France. Vet Parasitol 85: 245-257.
Ng J, Yang R, McCarthy S, Gordon C, Hijjawi N, Ryan U (2011) Molecular characterization of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in pre-weaned calves in Western Australia and New South Wales. Vet Parasitol 176: 145-150.
O’Handley RM (2007) Cryptosporidium parvum infection in cattle: are current perceptions accurate? Trends Parasitol 23: 477-480.
Paul S, Chandra D, Ray DD, Tewari AK, Rao JR, Banerjee PS, Baidya S, Raina OK (2008) Prevalence and molecular characterization of bovine Cryptosporidium isolates in India. Vet Parasitol 153: 143-146.
Pedraza-Díaz S, Amar C, Nichols GL, McLauchlin J (2001) Nested polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the Cryptosporidium oo-cyst wall protein gene. Emerg Infect Dis 7: 49-56.
Pilarczyk B, Kołodziejczyk L, Zaja̧czkowska K, Kuźna Grygıel W, Balıcka-Ramısz A, Tomza-Marcınıak A, Pılarczyk R(2009) Prevalence of Eimeria and Crypto- sporidium sp. protozoa in polish cows and in cows imported from the Netherlands as in-calf heifers. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 53: 637-640.
Ralston BJ, McAllister TA, Olson ME (2003) Prevalence and infection pattern of naturally acquired giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis in range beef calves and their dams. Vet Parasitol 114: 113-122.
Robertson L, Gjerde B, Hansen EF, Stachurska-Hagen T (2009) A water contamination incident in Oslo, Norway during October 2007; a basis for discussion of boil-water notices and the potential for post-treatment contamination of drinking water supplies. J Water Health 7: 55-56.
Rzezutka A, Kaupke A (2013) Occurrence and molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species isolated from cattle in Poland. Vet Parasi-tol 196: 301-306.
Santín M, Trout JM, Xiao L, Zhou L, Greiner E, Fayer R (2004) Prevalence and age-related variation of Cryptosporidium species and geno-types in dairy calves. Vet Parasitol 122: 103-117.
Şahal M, Terzi OS, Ceylan E, Kara E (2018) Calf Diarrhea and Prevention Methods. Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Derg 58: 41-49.
Sevinc F, Irmak K, Sevinc M (2003) The prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in the diarrhoiec and non- diarrhoeic calves. Rev Med Vet 154: 357-361.
Silverlås C (2010) Cryptosporidium infection in dairy cattle. Doctoral Thesis. Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala.
Şimsek AT, İnci A, Yıldırım A, Çiloğlu A, Bişkin Z, Düzlü Ö (2012) Detection of Cryptosporidiosis in Diarrhoeic Neonatal Calves in Nevşehir District by Real Time PCR and Nested PCR Techniques. Erciyes Üni Vet Fak Derg 9: 79-87.
Singh BB, Sharma R, Kumar H, Banga HS, Signh Aulakh R, Gill JPS, Sharma JK (2006) Prevalence of Cryptospori- dium parvum infection in Punjab (India) and its association with diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves. Vet Parasitol 140: 162-165.
Spano F, Putignani L, McLauchlin J, Casemore DP, Crisanti A (1997) PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene discriminates between C. wrairi and C. parvum, and between C. parvum isolates of human and animal origin. FEMS Microbiol Lett 150: 209-217.
Taniuchi M, Verweij JJ, Noor Z, Sobuz SU, Van Lieshout L, Petri Jr WA, Haque R, Houpt ER (2011) High throughput multiplex PCR and probe-based detection with luminex beads for seven intestinal parasites. Am J Trop Med Hyg 84: 332-337.
Thompson HP, Dooley JSG, Kenny J, McCoy M, Lowery JC, Moore JE, Xiao L (2007) Genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. in neonatal calves in Northern Ireland. Parasitol Res 100: 619-624.
Thompson RCA (2004) The zoonotic significance and molecular epidemiology of Giardia and giardiasis. Vet Parasitol 126: 15-35.
Torsein M, Lindberg A, Sandgren CH, Waller KP, Törnquist M, Svensson C (2011) Risk factors for calf mortality in large Swedish dairy herds. Prev Vet Med 99: 136-147.
Trotz-Williams LA, Jarvie BD, Martin SW, Leslie KE, Peregrine SA (2005) Prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum infection in southwestern Ontario and its association with diarrhea in neonatal dairy calves. Can Vet J 46: 349-351.
Turgay N, Unver-Yolasiǧmaz A, Oyur T, Bardak-Özcem S, Töz S (2012) Monthly distribution of intestinal parasites detected in a part of western Turkey between May 2009-April 2010-results of acid fast and modified trichrome staining methods. Turkiye Parazitol Derg 36: 71-74.
Xiao L, Feng Y (2008) Zoonotic cryptosporidiosis. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 52: 309-323.

Andersen AD, Cilieborg MS, Lauridsen C, Mørkbak AL, Sangild PT (2017) Supplementation with Lactobacillus paracasei or Pediococcus pentosaceus does not prevent diarrhoea in neonatal pigs infected with Escherichia coli F18. Br J Nutr 118: 109-120.
Bhandari SK, Opapeju FO, Krause DO, Nyachoti CM (2010) Dietary protein level and probiotic supplementation effects on piglet response to Escherichia coli K88 challenge: Performance and gut microbial population. Livest Sci 133: 185-188.
Blaabjerg S, Artzi DM, Aabenhus R (2017) Probiotics for the Prevention of Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea in Outpatients-A Systematic Review and Meta Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 6: 21.
Bomba A, Nemcova R, Gancarcikova S, Herich R, Kastel R (1999) Potentiation of the effectiveness of Lactobacillus casei in the prevention of E. coli induced diarrhea in conventional and gnotobiotic pigs. Adv Exp Med Biol 473: 185-190.
Cha CN, Park EK, Yoo CY, Kim S, Lee HJ (2015) Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on noxious gas emission and carcass quality grade in finishing pigs. J Biomed Res 16: 72-76.
Chattha KS, Roth JA, Saif LJ (2015) Strategies for design and application of enteric viral vaccines. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 3: 375-395.
Chattha KS, Vlasova AN, Kandasamy S, Esseili MA, Siegismund C, Rajashekara G, Saif LJ (2013) Probiotics and colostrum/milk differen-tially affect neonatal humoral immune responses to oral rotavirus vaccine. Vaccine 31: 1916-1923.
Cho JH, Zhao PY, Kim IH (2011) Probiotics as a dietary additive for pigs: a review. J Anim Vet Adv 10: 2127-2134.
Collins MD, Gibson GR (1999) Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: approaches for modulating the microbial eco- logy of the gut. Am J Clin Nutr 69: 1052S-1057S.
Deng Z, Luo XM, Liu J, Wang H (2020) Quorum Sensing, Biofilm, and Intestinal Mucosal Barrier: Involvement the Role of Probiotic. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 10: 538077.
Dowarah R, Verma AK, Agarwal N (2017) The use of Lactobacillus as an alternative of antibiotic growth promoters in pigs: A review. Anim Nutr 3: 1-6.
Ferdous MF, Arefin MS, Rahman MM, Ripon MMR, Rashid MH, Sultana MR, Hossain MT, Ahammad MU, Rafiq K (2019) Beneficial effects of probiotic and phytobiotic as growth promoter alternative to antibiotic for safe broiler production. J Adv Vet Anim Res 6: 409-415.
Fooks LJ, Fuller R, Gibson GR (1999) Prebiotic, probiotics, and human gut microbiology. Int Dairy J 9: 53-61.
Gareau MG, Sherman PM, Walker WA (2010) Probiotics and the gut microbiota in intestinal health and disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 7: 503–514.
Grela ER, Semeniuk V (2006) Consequences of the withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from animal feeding. Med Weter 62: 502-507.
Hill C, Guarner F, Reid G, Gibson GR, Merenstein DJ, Pot B, Morelli L, Canani RB, Flint HJ, Salminen S, Calder PC, Sanders ME (2014) Expert consensus document: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and ap-propriate use of the term probiotic. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 11: 506–514.
Kashket ER (1987) Bioenergetics of lactic acid bacteria: cytoplasmic pH and osmotolerance. FEMS Microbiol Rev 46: 233-244.
Kenny M, Smidt H, Mengheri E, Miller B (2011) Probiotics – do they have a role in the pig industry? Animal 5: 462-470.
Liao SF, Nyachoti M (2017) Using probiotics to improve swine gut health and nutrient utilization. Anim Nutr 3: 331-343.
Link R, Kováč G, Pistl J (2005) A note on probiotics as an alternative for antibiotics in pigs. J Anim Feed Sci 14: 513-519.
Maldonado Galdeano C, Cazorla SI, Lemme Dumit JM, Vélez E, Perdigón G (2019) Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System. Ann Nutr Metab 74: 115-124.
Mani V, Harris AJ, Keating AF, Weber TE, Dekkers JC, Gabler NK (2013) Intestinal integrity, endotoxin transport and detoxification in pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake. J Anim Sci 91: 2141-2150.
Markowska-Daniel I (1991) Stimulation of immune respon- ses using natural and chemical immunomodulators in therapy and in prophylaxis. Med Weter 47: 306-309.
Markowska-Daniel I, Pejsak Z, Szmigielski S, Jeljaszewicz J, Pulverer G (1992a) Adjuvant properties of Propionibacterium avidum KP-40 in vaccination against endemic viral and bacterial infections. I. Swine immunized with live attenuated Aujeszky’s disease virus vaccine and ex-perimentally infected with virulent viruses. Zentralbl Bakteriol 277: 529-537.
Markowska-Daniel I, Pejsak Z, Szmigielski S, Sokolska G, Jeljaszewicz J, Pulverer G (1992b) Adjuvant properties of Propionibacterium avidum KP-40 in vaccination against endemic viral and bacterial infections. III. Swine immunized with live attenuated Erysipelothrix rhusiopa-thiae vaccine and experimentally infected with virulent strains R203 and R270B of E. rhusiopathiae. Zentralbl Bakteriol 277: 547-553.
Nowak P, Kasprowicz-Potocka M, Zaworska A, Nowak W, Stefańska B, Sip A, Grajek W, Juzwa W, Taciak M, Barszcz M, Tuśnio A, Grajek K, Foksowicz-Flaczyk J, Frankiewicz A (2017) The effect of eubiotic feed additives on the performance of growing pigs and the activ-ity of intestinal microflora. Arch Anim Nutr 71: 455-469.
Perdigón G, de Macias ME, Alvarez S, Oliver G, de Ruiz Holgado AP (1988) Systemic augmentation of the immune response in mice by feeding fermented milks with Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Immunology 63: 17-23.
Pomorska-Mól M, Kwit K (2011) Adjuvant properties of herbs. Med Weter 67: 449-452.
Pomorska-Mól M, Kwit K, Czyżewska E, Markowska-Daniel I (2013) Effects of dietary phytogenic product on the performance and immune response of pigs. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 57: 381-386.
Regulation (EC) No 1831/2003 on the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 on additives for use in animal nutrition. https://www.eumonitor.eu/9353000/1/j9vvik7m1c3gyxp/vitgbgiehjzr
Regulation (EU) 2019/6 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018 on veterinary medicinal products and repealing Directive 2001/82/EC. https://www.legislation.gov.uk/eur/2019/6/contents
Rybarczyk A, Romanowski M, Karamucki T, Ligocki M (2016) The effect of Bokashi probiotic on pig carcass characteristics and meat quali-ty. FleischWirtschaft International 1: 74-77.
Shin D, Chang SY, Bogere P, Won K, Choi JY, Choi YJ, Lee HK, Hur J, Park BY, Kim Y, Heo J (2019) Beneficial roles of probiotics on the modulation of gut microbiota and immune response in pigs. PLoS One 14: e0220843.
Smith F, Clark JE, Overman BL, Tozel CC, Huang JH, Rivier JE, Blikslager AT, Moeser AJ (2010) Early weaning stress impairs develop-ment of mucosal barrier function in the porcine intestine. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 298: G352–G363.
Smulski S, Turlewicz-Podbielska H, Wylandowska A, Włodarek J (2020) Non-antibiotic Possibilities in Prevention and Treatment of Calf Diarrhoea. J Vet Res 64: 119-126.
Valchev G, Popova-Ralcheva S, Bonovska M, Zaprianova I, Gudev D (2009) Effect of dietary supplements of herb extracts on performance in growing pigs. Biotechn Anim Husbandry 25: 859-870.
Valeriano VD, Balolong MP, Kang DK (2017) Probiotic roles of Lactobacillus sp. in swine: insights from gut microbiota. J Appl Microbiol 122: 554-567.
Vigors S, O’Doherty JV, Kelly AK, O’Shea CJ, Sweeney T (2016) The effect of divergence in feed efficiency on the intestinal microbiota and the intestinal immune response in both unchallenged and lipopolysaccharide challenged ileal and colonic explants. PLoS One 11: e0148145.
Wen K, Liu F, Li G, Bai M, Kocher J, Yang X, Wang H, Clark-Deener S, Yuan L (2015) Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Dosage Affects the Adjuvanticity and Protection Against Rotavirus Diarrhea in Gnotobiotic Pigs. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 60: 834-843.
Yin H, Ye P, Lei Q, Cheng Y, Yu H, Du J, Pan H, Cao Z (2020) In vitro probiotic properties of Pediococcus pentosaceus L1 and its effects on enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli – induced inflammatory responses in porcine intestinal epithelial cells. Microb Pathog 144: 104163.
Yirga H (2015) The use of probiotics in animal nutrition. J Prob Health 3: 132.
Zhang W, Azevedo MS, Wen K, Gonzalez A, Saif LJ, Li G, Yousef AE, Yuan L (2008) Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus enhances the immunogenicity of an oral rotavirus vaccine in gnotobiotic pigs. Vaccine 26: 3655-3661.
Zhao PY, Kim IH (2015) Effect of direct-fed microbial on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal noxious gas emission, fecal micro-bial flora and diarrhea score in weanling pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 200: 86-92.
Zimmermann B, Bauer E, Mosenthin R (2001) Pro- and prebiotics in pig nutrition potential modulators of gut health? J Anim Feed Sci 10: 47-56

Allen LK, Eagleson R, de Ribaupierre S (2016) Evaluation of an online three-dimensional interactive resource for undergraduate neuroanato-my education. Anat Sci Educ 9: 431-439.
Billinghurst M, Kato H, Poupyrev I (2001) The magicbook-moving seamlessly between reality and virtuality. IEEE Comput Graph Appl 21(3): 6-8.
Bujak KR, Radu I, Catrambone R, MacIntyre B, Zheng R, Golubski G (2013) A psychological perspective on augmented reality in the mathematics classroom. Comput Educ 68: 536-544.
Cheng K-H, Tsai C-C (2013) Affordances of Augmented Reality in Science Learning: Suggestions for Future Research. J Sci Educ Technol 22: 449-462.
Developer/Arcore, Google. Model-viewer. [accessed August 31, 2020]. https://developers.google.com/ar/develop/webxr/model-viewer
European College of Veterinary Pathologists. Histology Slide Database [accessed August 31, 2020]. https://www.ecvpath.org/histology-database
Google. GitHub - google/model-viewer: Easily display interactive 3D models on the web and in AR! [accessed August 31, 2020]. https://github.com/google/model-viewer
Hua-quan R, Jun J, Zhao-fang Z (2014) Study on Digitalized 3D Specimen Making of Pathologic Gross Specimen Basing on Object Panorama. In: Li S., Jin Q., Jiang X., Park J. (eds) Frontier and Future Development of Information Technology in Medicine and Education. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 269. Springer, Dordrecht.
Kerawalla L, Luckin R, Seljeflot S, Woolard A (2006) “Making it real”: exploring the potential of augmented reality for teaching primary school science. Virtual Real 10: 163-174.
King JM, Roth-Johnson L, Dodd DC, Newsom ME (2014) The Necropsy Book: A Guide for Veterinary Students, Residents, Clinicians, Pathologists, and Biological Researchers. 7th ed., The Internet-First University Press.
Lim KH, Loo ZY, Goldie SJ, Adams JW, McMenamin PG (2016) Use of 3D printed models in medical education: A randomized control trial comparing 3D prints versus cadaveric materials for learning external cardiac anatomy. Anat Sci Educ 9: 213-221.
Mahmoud A, Bennett M (2015) Introducing 3-Dimensional Printing of a Human Anatomic Pathology Specimen: Potential Benefits for Un-dergraduate and Postgraduate Education and Anatomic Pathology Practice. Arch Pathol Lab Med 139: 1048-1051.
Cianciolo RE, Mohr FC (2015) Chapter 4 – Urinary System Pages, 376-464 In: Maxie M.G. (Ed.), Jubb, Kennedy and Palmer’s Pathology of Domestic Animals. Vol.2. 6th ed. Elsevier Saunders, Philadelphia.
McMenamin PG, Quayle MR, McHenry CR, Adams JW (2014) The production of anatomical teaching resources using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. Anat Sci Educ 7: 479-486.
Necropsy Show and Tell. Necropsy Show and Tell: Veterinary Pathology Images. [accessed January 4, 2021]. https://se-cure.vet.cornell.edu/nst/nst.asp
Orvalho JS, Peleteiro MC. Online Veterinary Pathology Atlas. [accessed March 31, 2021]. http://www.fmv.ulisboa.pt/atlas/atlas_ing.htm
Peterson DC, Mlynarczyk GS (2016) Analysis of traditional versus three-dimensional augmented curriculum on anatomical learning outcome measures. Anat Sci Educ 9: 529-536.
PLC Informa. anatomy.tv (3D anatomy source) [accessed August 31, 2020]. https://www.anatomy.tv/resources
Salazar-Gamarra R, Seelaus R, da Silva JV, da Silva AM, Dib LL (2016) Monoscopic photogrammetry to obtain 3D models by a mobile device: a method for making facial prostheses. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 45: 33.
The Joint Pathology Center. The Joint Pathology Center (JPC) – Veterinary Pathology Services. [accessed August 31, 2020]. https://www.askjpc.org/vetpath/ Wu HK, Lee SW, Chang HY, Liang JC (2013) Current status, opportunities and challenges of augmented reality in education. Comput
Educ 62: 41-49.

Barański W, Nowicki A, Zduńczyk S, Janowski T (2018) Incidence of clinical form of anestrus after unsuccessful service in cows in eight dairy herds in north-east of Poland. Pol J Vet Sci 21: 377-381.
Barański W, Zduńczyk S, Janowski T (2012) Late embryonic and foetal losses in eight dairy herds in north-east Poland. Pol J Vet Sci 15: 735-739.
Bartlett PC, Kirk J, Coe P, Marteniuk J, Mather EC (1987) Descriptive epidemiology of anestrus in Michigan Holstein-Friesian cattle. Theriogenology 27: 459-476.
Baryczka A, Barański W, Nowicki A, Zduńczyk S, Janowski T (2018) Effect of single treatment with cloprostenol or dinoprost on estrus and reproductive performance in anestrous dairy cows after service. Pol J Vet Sci 21: 383-387.
Dobson H, Walker SL, Morris MJ, Routly JE, Smith RF (2008) Why is it getting more difficult to successfully artificially inseminate dairy cows? Animal 2: 1104-1111.
Forar AL, Gay JM, Hancock DD, Gay CC (1996) Fetal loss frequency in ten Holstein dairy herds. Theriogenology 45: 1505-1513.
Lopez H, Satter LD, Wiltbank MC (2004) Relationship between level of milk production and estrous behavior of lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 81: 209-223.
Lucy MC (2001) Reproductive loss in high-producing dairy cattle: where will it end? J Dairy Sci 84: 1277-1293.
Martinez J, Thibier M (1984) Reproductive disorders in dairy cattle: I. Respective influence of herds, seasons, milk yield and parity. Theri-ogenology 21: 569-581.
Mateus L, da Costa LL, Cardos JJ, Silva JR (2002) Treatment of unobserved oestrus in a dairy cattle herd with low oestrous detection rate up to 60 days post-partum. Reprod Domest Anim 37: 57-60.
McDougall S (2010) Effects of treatment of anestrous dairy cows with gonadotropin-releasing hormone, prostaglandin, and progesterone. J Dairy Sci 93: 1944-1959.
Mwaanga ES, Janowski T, Zduńczyk S (1999) Incidence of silent heat in cows and the effectiveness of its diagnosis and treatment with PGF2 alpha analogue, cloprostenol. Pol J Vet Sci 2: 109-112.
Nation DP, Morton J, Cavalieri J, MacMillan KL (2001) Factors associated with the incidence of ‘Phantom cows’ in Australian dairy herds. Proc N Z Soc Anim Prod 61: 180-183.
Nowicki A, Barański W, Baryczka A, Janowski T (2017) OvSynch Protocol and its Modifications in the Reproduction Management of Dairy Cattle Herds - an Update. J Vet Res 61: 329-336.
Paisley LG, Mickelsen WD, Frost OL (1978) A survey of the incidence of prenatal mortality in cattle following pregnancy diagnosis by rectal palpation. Theriogenology 9: 481-491.
Pilawski W, Siemieniuch MJ, Skarżyński DJ (2008) Influence of estrus synchronization and superovulation on corpus luteum functioning in cattle. Does hormonal manipulation always provide desirable effects? Med Weter 64: 525-527.
Plunkett SS, Stevenson JS, Call EP (1984) Prostaglandin F2 alpha for lactating dairy cows with a palpable corpus luteum but unobserved estrus. J Dairy Sci 67: 380-387.
Pursley JR, Mee MO, Wiltbank MC (1995) Synchronization of ovulation in dairy cows using PGF2alpha and GnRH. Theriogenology 44: 915-923.
Rabiee AR, Lean IJ, Stevenson MA (2005) Efficacy of Ovsynch program on reproductive performance in dairy cattle: a meta-analysis. J Dairy Sci 88: 2754-2770.
Répási A, Beckers JF, Sulon J, Karen A, Reiczigel J, Szenci O (2005) Effect of the type and number of prostaglandin treatments on corpus luteum, the largest follicle and progesterone concentration in dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim 40: 436-442.
Rhodes FM, McDougall S, Burke CR, Verkerk GA, Macmillan KL (2003) Invited review: Treatment of cows with an extended postpartum anestrous interval. J Dairy Sci 86: 1876-1894.
Seguin B, Momont H, Baumann L (1985) C1oprostenol and dinoprost tromethamine in experimental and field trials treating unobserved estrus in dairy cows. Bovine Pract 20: 85-90.
Skarżynski DJ, Siemieniuch MJ, Pilawski W, Wocławek Potocka I, Bah MM, Majewska M, Jaroszewski JJ (2008) In vitro assessment of progesterone and prostaglandin E2 production by the corpus luteum in cattle following pharmacological synchronization of estrus. J Reprod Dev 55: 170-176.
Stevenson JS, Pursley JR (1994) Use of milk progesterone and prostaglandin F2 alpha in a scheduled artificial insemination program. J Dairy Sci 77: 1755-1760.
Szenci O, Beckers JF, Humblot P, Sulon J, Sasser G, Taverne MA, Varga J, Baltusen R, Schekk G (1998) Comparison of ultrasonography, bovine pregnancy-specific protein B, and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 test for pregnancy detection in dairy cows. Theriogeno- logy 50: 77-88.

Akmal M, Gholib G, Rinidar R, Fitriani F, Helmi TZ, Sugito S, Isa M, Nurliana N, Wahyuni S, Dasrul D, Yaman MA (2019) The concentra-tion of testosterone, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide, and protamine 1 in the serum of male chicken following administration of epididymis and testicular extracts and their combination. Vet World 12: 1101-1107.
Bielohuby M, Popp S, Bidlingmaier M (2012) A guide for measurement of circulating metabolic hormones in rodents: Pitfalls during the pre-analytical phase. Mol Metab 1: 47-60.
Bloomer RJ (2015) Considerations in the measurement of testosterone in saliva and serum using ELISA procedures. Br J Med Med Res 5: 116-122.
Brambilla DJ, Matsumoto AM, Araujo AB, McKinlay JB (2009) The effect of diurnal variation on clinical measurement of serum testosterone and other sex hormone levels in men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94: 907-913.
Ceglarek U, Werner M, Kortz L, Körner A, Kiess W, Thiery J, Kratzsch J (2010) Preclinical challenges in steroid analysis of human samples. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 121: 505-512.
Christensen M, Madsen RF, Møller LR, Knudsen CS, Samson MH (2016) Whole blood samples for adrenocorticotrophic hormone meas-urement can be stored at room temperature for 4 hours. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 76: 653-656.
De Castro T, Valdez L, Rodriguez M, Benquet N, Rubianes E (2004) Decline in assayable progesterone in bovine serum under different storage conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod 36: 381-384.
Du Z, Keeley T, Janssen T, Nicolson V, Johnston SD (2017) Measurement of testosterone and cortisol metabolites and luteinizing hormone in captive southern hairy-nosed wombat (Lasiorhinus latifrons) urine. Gen Comp Endocrinol 250: 70-79.
Evans MJ, Livesey JH, Ellis MJ, Yandle TG (2001) Effect of anticoagulants and storage temperatures on stability of plasma and serum hor-mones. Clin Biochem 34: 107-112.
Fahmi HA, Williamson NB, Tibary A, Hegstad RL (1985) The influence of some sample handling factors on progesterone and testosterone analysis goats. Theriogenology 24: 227-233.
Farrell CJL, Carter AC (2016) Serum indices: managing assay interference. Ann Clin Biochem 53: 527-538.
Fukuda S (1990) Circadian rhythm of serum testosterone levels in male beagle dogs: effects of lighting time zone. Experimental Animals 39: 65-68.
Gholib G, Wahyuni S, Akmal M, Hasan M, Agil M, Purwantara B (2020a) The validation of a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the effect of freeze-thaw cycles of serum on the stability of cortisol and testosterone concentrations in Aceh cattle. F1000Research DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.19804.3.
Gholib G, Wahyuni S, Wahyudi A, Silalahi KS, Akmal M, Sabri M, Nugraha TP (2020b) Validation of commercial ELISA kit for non-invasive measurement of cortisol concentrations and the evaluation of the sampling time of blood and fecal sample in Aceh cattle. E3S Web Conf.151: 01007.
Gholib G, Wahyuni S, Kadar OH, Adam M, Lubis TM, Azhar A, Akmal M, Siregar TN, Armansyah T, Nugraha TP (2016) Measurement of serum testosterone in kacang goat by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique: the importance of kit validation. J Ked Hewan 10: 32-36.
Hornakova L, Vrbovska T, Pavl’ak M, Valencakova- -Agyagosova A, Halo M, Hajurka J (2017) The evaluation of blood concentrations of testosterone, 17ß-oestradiol and anti-Mullerian hormone in dogs with cryptorchidism and testicular tumours. Pol J Vet Sci 20: 677-685.
Hegstad-Davies RL (2006) A review of sample handling considerations for reproductive and thyroid hormone measurement in serum or plasma. Theriogenology 66: 592-598.
Heuett WJ, Qian H (2006) A stochastic model of oscillatory blood testosterone levels. Bull Math Biol 68: 1383-1399.
Khonmee J, Brown JL, Li M, Somgird C, Boonprasert K, Norkaew T, Punyapornwithaya V, Lee W, Thitaram C (2019) Effect of time and temperature on stability of progestagens, testosterone, and cortisol in Asian elephant blood stored with and without anticoagulant. Conserv Physiol 7: 1-7.
Lewis L, Lamb SV, Schaefer AM, Reif JS, Bossart GD, Fair PA (2013) Influence of collection and storage conditions on adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) measurements in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Aquat Mamm 39: 324-329.
Lippi G, Blanckaert N, Bonini P, Green S, Kitchen S, Palicka V, Vassault AJ, Plebani M (2008) Haemolysis: an overview of the leading cause of unsuitable specimens in clinical laboratories. Clin Chem Lab Med 46: 764-772.
Moreno RLP, Perez-Rico A, Ginel PJ (1998) Effects of haemolysis, lipaemia and bilirubinaemia on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for cortisol and free thyroxine in serum samples from dogs. Vet J 156: 127-131.
Neumann AM, Schmidt CX, Brockmann RM, Oster H (2019) Circadian regulation of endocrine systems. Auton Neurosci 216: 1-8.
Omar H, Chamberlin A, Walker V, Wood PJ (2001) Immulite 2000 parathyroid hormone assay: stability of parathyroid hormone in EDTA blood kept at room temperature for 48h. Ann Clin Biochem 38: 561-563.
Ouyang JQ, Davies S, Dominoni D (2018) Hormonally mediated effects of artificial light at night on behavior and fitness: linking endocrine mechanisms with function. J Exp Biol 221: jeb156893.
Pawluski J, Jego P, Henry S, Bruchet A, Palme R, Coste C, Hausberger M (2017) Low plasma cortisol and fecal cortisol metabolite measures as indicators of compromised welfare in domestic horses (Equus caballus). PLoS One. 12: e0182257.
Preissner CM, Reilly WM, Cyr RC, O’Kane D J, Singh RJ, Grebe SK (2004) Plastic versus glass tubes: effects on analytical performance of selected serum and plasma hormone assays. Clin Chem 50: 1245-1247.
Prutton JS, Kass PH, Watson JL, Pusterla N (2015) Pre-analytical stability of adrenocorticotrophic hormone from healthy horses in whole blood, plasma, and frozen plasma samples. Vet J 204: 123-124.
Raff H, Sluss PM (2008) Pre-analytical issues for testosterone and estradiol assays. Steroids 73: 1297-1304.
Reddy PL, Bowie LJ, Callistein S (1997) Binding of nitric oxide to thiols and hemes in hemoglobin H: implications for alpha-thalassemia and hypertension. Clin Chem 43: 1442-1447.
Reimers TJ, Lamb SV, Bartlett SA, Matamoros RA, Cowan RG, Engle JS (1991) Effects of hemolysis and storage on quantification of hor-mones in blood samples from dogs, cattle, and horses. Am J Vet Res 52: 1075-1080.
Sakamoto S, Putalun W, Vimolmangkang S, Phoolcharoen W, Shoyama Y, Tanaka H, Morimoto S (2017) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the quantitative/qualitative analysis of plant secondary metabolites. J Nat Med 72: 32-42.
Sekoni VO, Rekwot PI, Bawa EK, Barje PP (2008) Effects of age and time of sampling on serum testosterone and spermiogram at Bunaji and N’Dama bulls. Res J Vet Sci 1: 50-55.
Steinetz BG, Goldsmith LT, Hasan SH, Lust G (1990) Diurnal variation of serum progesterone, but not relaxin, prolactin, or estradiol-17 beta in pregnant bitch. Endocrinology 127: 1057-1063.
Stradaioli G, Peric T, Montillo M, Comin A, Corazzin M, Veronesi MC, Prandi A (2017) Hair cortisol and testosterone concentrations and semen production of Bos taurus bulls. Ital J Anim Sci 16: 631-639.
Thuroczy J, Wolfling A, Tibold A, Balogh L, Janoki GA, Solti L (2003) Effect of anticoagulants and sampling time on results of progesterone determination in canine blood samples. Reprod Domest Anim 38: 386-389.
Urbanski HF (2011) Role of circadian neuroendocrine rhythms in the control of behavior and physiology. Neuroendocrinology 93: 211-222.
Wenk RE (1998) Mechanism of interference by hemolysis in immunoassays and requirements for sample quality. Clin Chem 44: 2554.
Yin P, Lehmann R, Xu G (2015) Effect of pre-analytical processes on blood samples used in metabolomics studies. Anal Bioanal Chem 407: 4879-4892.

Bouxsein ML, Boyd SK, Christiansen BA, Guldberg RE, Jepsen KJ, Müller R (2010) Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 25: 1468-1486.
Chang PC, Chien LY, Ye Y, Kao MJ (2013) Irradiation by light-emitting diode light as an adjunct to facilitate healing of experimental perio-dontitis in vivo. J Periodontal Res 48: 135-143.
Cirelli JA, Park CH, MacKool K, Taba Jr M, Lustig KH, Burstein H, Giannobile WV (2009) AAV2/1-TNFR: Fc gene delivery prevents periodontal disease progression. Gene Ther 16: 426.
Cochran DL (2008) Inflammation and bone loss in periodontal disease. J Periodontol 79: 1569-1576.
de Molon RS, de Avila ED, Boas Nogueira AV, Chaves de Souza JA, Avila-Campos MJ, de Andrade CR, Cirelli JA (2014a) Evaluation of the host response in various models of induced periodontal disease in mice. J Periodontol 85: 465-477.
de Molon RS, de Avila ED, Boas Nogueira AV, Chaves de Souza JA, Avila-Campos MJ, de Andrade CR, Cirelli JA (2014b) Evaluation of the host response in various models of induced periodontal disease in mice. J Periodontol 85: 465-477.
de Souza JAC, Nogueira AVB, de Souza PPC, Cirelli JA, Garlet GP, Rossa Jr C (2011) Expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 and 3 in ligature-induced periodontitis in rats. Arch Oral Biol 56: 1120-1128.
Dumitrescu AL, Abd El-Aleem S, Morales-Aza B, Donaldson LF (2004) A model of periodontitis in the rat: effect of lipopolysaccharide on bone resorption, osteoclast activity, and local peptidergic innervation. J Clin Periodontol 31: 596-603.
Hana M, Chen HC, Radzi R (2017) An innovative assembly to maintain isoflurane anaesthesia for dental procedures in rats. J Vet Malaysia 29: 28-29.
How KY, Song KP, Chan KG (2016) Porphyromonas gingivalis: an overview of periodontopathic pathogen below the gum line. Front Microbiol 7: 53.
Ionel A, Lucaciu O, Moga M, Buhatel D, Ilea A, Tabaran F, Catoi C, Berce C, Toader S, Campian RS (2015) Periodontal disease induced in Wistar rats-experimental study. Hum Vet Med 7: 90-95.
Javed F, Al-Askar M, Almas K, Romanos GE, Al-Hezaimi K (2012) Tissue reactions to various suture materials used in oral surgical inter-ventions. ISRN Dent 2012: 2012.
Meulman T, Peruzzo D, Stipp R, Gonçalves P, Sallum E, Casati M, Goncalves R, Nociti Jr F (2011) Impact of Porphyromonas gingivalis inoculation on ligature-induced alveolar bone loss. A pilot study in rats. J Periodontal Res 46: 629-636.
Nakatsu S, Yoshinaga Y, Kuramoto A, Nagano F, Ichimura I, Oshino K, Yoshimura A, Yano Y, Hara Y (2014) Occlusal trauma accelerates attachment loss at the onset of experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 49: 314-322.
Oz HS, Puleo DA (2011) Animal models for periodontal disease. Biomed Biotechnol 2011: 754857
Park CH, Abramson ZR, Taba Jr M, Jin Q, Chang J, Kreider JM, Goldstein SA, Giannobile WV (2007) Three-dimensional micro-computed tomographic imaging of alveolar bone in experimental bone loss or repair. J Periodontol 78: 273-281.
Petersen PE (2004) Challenges to improvement of oral health in the 21st century – the approach of the WHO Global Oral Health Programme. Int Dent J 54: 329-343.
Polak D, Wilensky A, Shapira L, Halabi A, Goldstein D, Weiss EI, Houri-Haddad Y (2009) Mouse model of expe- rimental periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis/Fusobacterium nucleatum infection: bone loss and host response. J Clin Periodontol 36: 406-410.
Spolidorio LC, Ramalho Lucas PD, Steffens JP, da Silva HAB, Tubero Euzebio Alves V, Palomari Spolidorio DM, Holzhausen M (2014) Influence of parstatin on experimental periodontal disease and repair in rats. J Periodontol 85: 1266-1274.
Taguchi H, Aono Y, Kawato T, Asano M, Shimizu N, Saigusa T (2015a) Intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipo-polysaccharide induces a transient increase in gingival tumour necrosis factor-α, but not interleukin-6, in anaesthetised rats. Int J Oral Sci 7: 155-160.
Taguchi H, Aono Y, Kawato T, Asano M, Shimizu N, Saigusa T (2015b) Intragingival injection of Porphyromonas gingivalis-derived lipo-polysaccharide induces a transient increase in gingival tumour necrosis factor-α, but not interleukin-6, in anaesthetised rats. Int J Oral Sci 7: 155.
Yamasaki A, Nikai H, Niitani K, Ijuhin N (1979) Ultrastructure of the junctional epithelium of germfree rat gingiva. J Periodontol 50: 641-648.

Akira S, Takeda K (2004) Toll-like receptor signalling. Nat Rev Immunol 4: 499-511.
Alcami A, Koszinowski UH (2000) Viral mechanisms of immune evasion. Trends Microbiol 8: 410-418.
Amaro NM (2003) Determinación del parvovirus canino en heces por medio de la técnica reacción en cadena de la polimerasa, México, Fac-ultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Andrejeva J, Childs KS, Young DF, Carlos TS, Stock N, Goodbourn S, Randall RE (2004) The V proteins of paramyxoviruses bind the IFN-inducible RNA helicase, mda-5, and inhibit its activation of the IFN beta promoter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 17264-17269.
Chen AY, Kleiboeker S, Qiu J (2011) Productive Parvovirus B19 infection of primary human erythroid progenitor cells at hypoxia is regulat-ed by STAT5A and MEK signa- ling but not HIF alpha. PLoS Pathog 7: e1002088.
Cotmore SF, Tattersall P (1987) The autonomously replicating parvoviruses of vertebrates. Adv Virus Res 33: 91-174.
de Mari K, Maynard L, Eun HM, Lebreux B (2003) Treatment of canine parvoviral enteritis with interferon-omega in a placebo-controlled field trial. Vet Rec 152: 105-108.
de Weerd NA, Samarajiwa SA, Hertzog PJ (2007) Type I interferon receptors: biochemistry and biological functions. J Biol Chem 282: 20053-20057.
Diamond MS, Farzan M (2012) The broad-spectrum antiviral functions of IFIT and IFITM proteins. Nat Rev Immunol 13: 46-57.
Grekova S, Zawatzky R, Hörlein R, Cziepluch C, Mincberg M, Davis C, Rommelaere J, Daeffler L (2010) Activation of an antiviral response in normal but not transformed mouse cells: a new determinant of minute virus of mice oncotropism. J Virol 84: 516-531.
Gupta SK, Sahoo AP, Rosh N, Gandham RK, Saxena L, Singh AK, Harish DR, Tiwari AK (2016) Canine parvovirus NS1 induced apoptosis involves mitochondria, accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activation of caspases. Virus Res 213: 46-61.
Kaur G, Chandra M, Dwivedi PN, Sharma NS (2015) Isolation of canine parvovirus with a view to identify the preva- lent serotype on the basis of partial sequence analysis. Vet World 8: 52-56.
Kumar P, Sweeney TR, Skabkin MA, Skabkina OV, Hellen CU, Pestova TV (2014) Inhibition of translation by IFIT family members is determined by their ability to interact selectively with the 5´-terminal regions, cap0-, cap1- and 5´ppp- mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 42: 3228-3245.
Lee MS, Kim YJ (2007) Signaling pathways downstream of pattern recognition receptors and their cross talk. Annu Rev Biochem 76: 447-480.
Liu XY, Chen W, Wei B, Shan YF, Wang C (2011) IFN-induced TPR protein IFIT3 potentiates antiviral signaling by bridging MAVS and TBK1. J Immunol 187: 2559-2568.
Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD (2001) Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-Delta Delta C(T) method. Methods 25: 402-408.
Mattei LM, Cotmore SF, Tattersall P, Iwasaki A (2013) Parvovirus evades interferon-dependent viral control in primary mouse embryonic fibroblast. Virology 442: 20-27.
Matzinger SR, Carroll TD, Fritts L, McChesney MB, Miller CJ (2011) Exogenous IFN-alpha administration reduces influenza A virus repli-cation in the lower respiratory tract of Rhesus macaques. PLoS One 6: e29255.
Nykky J, Vuento M, Gilbert L (2014) Role of mitochondria in parvovirus pathology. PLoS One 9: e86124.
Pichlmair A, Lassnig C, Eberle CA, Górna MW, Baumann CL, Burkard TR, Bürckstümmer T, Stefanovic A, Krieger S, Bennett KL, Rülicke T, Weber F, Colinge J, Müller M, Superti-Furga G (2011) IFIT1 is an antiviral protein that recognizes 5’-triphosphate RNA. Nat Immunol 2: 624-630.
Pollock RV (1982) Experimental canine parvovirus infection in dogs. Cornell Vet 72: 103–119.
Saxena L, Kumar GR, Saxena S, Chaturvedi U, Sahoo AP, Singh LV, Santra L, Palia SK, Desai GS, Tiwari AK (2013) Apoptosis induced by NS1 gene of canine parvovirus -2 is caspase dependent and p53 independent. Virus Res 173: 426-430.
Schlehofer JR, Rentrop M, Männel DN (1992) Parvoviruses are inefficient in inducing interferon-beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, or inter-leukin-6 in mammalian cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 181: 153-164.
Schoggins JW (2014) Interferon-stimulated genes: roles in viral pathogenesis. Curr Opin Virol 6: 40-46.
Shimomura S, Wong S, Brown KE, Komatsu N, Kajigaya S, Young NS (1993) Early and late gene expression in UT-7 cells infected with B19 parvovirus. Virology 194: 149-156.
Takeuchi O, Akira S (2010) Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell 140: 805-820.
Vladimer GI, Górna MW, Superti-Furga G (2014) IFITs: emerging roles as key anti-viral proteins. Front Immunol 5: 1-6. Front Immunol 5: 94.
Zevini A, Olagnier D, Hiscott J (2017) Crosstalk between cytoplasmic RIG-I and STING sensing pathways. Trends Immunol 38: 194-205.
Zhong B, Yang Y, Li S, Wang YY, Li Y, Diao F, Lei C, He X, Zhang L, Tien P, Shu HB (2008) The adaptor protein MITA links vi-rus-sensing receptors to IRF3 transcription factor activation. Immunity 29: 538-550.
Zhou P, Zeng W, Zhang X, Li S (2017) The genetic evolution of canine parvovirus - A new perspective. PLoS One 12: e0175035.

Dormitorio TV, Giambrone JJ, Hoerr FJ (2007) Transmissible proventriculitis in broilers. Avian Pathol 36: 87-91.
Goodwin MA, Hafner S, Bounous DI, Latimer KS, Player EC, Niagro FD, Campagnoli RP, Brown J (1996) Viral proventriculitis in chick-ens. Avian Pathol 25: 369-379.
Grau-Roma L, Marco A, Martinez J, Chaves A, Dolz R, Majo N (2010) Infectious bursal disease - like virus in case of transmissible viral proventriculitis. Vet Rec 167: 836.
Grau-Roma L, Reid K, de Brot S, Jennison R, Barrow P, Sánchez R, Nofrarías M, Clark M, Majó N (2016) Detection of transmissible viral proventriculitis and Chicken proventricular necrosis virus in the UK. Avian Pathol 46: 68-75.
Grau-Roma L, Schock A, Nofrarías M, Ali Wali N, de Fraga AP, Garcia-Rueda C, de Brot S, Majó N (2020) Retrospective study on trans-missible viral proventriculitis and chicken proventricular necrosis virus (CPNV) in the UK. Avian Pathol 49: 99-105.
Guy JS, West AM, Fuller FJ (2011a) Physical and genomic characteristics identify chicken proventricular necrosis virus (R11/3 virus) as a novel birnavirus. Avian Dis 55: 2-7.
Guy JS, West MA, Fuller FJ, Marusak RA, Shivaprasad HL, Davis JL, Fletcher OJ (2011b) Detection of chicken proventricular necrosis virus (R11/3 virus) in experimental and naturally occurring cases of transmissible viral proventriculitis with the use of a reverse transcriptase – PCR procedure. Avian Dis 55: 70-75.
Hafner S, Guy JS (2013) Proventriculitis and proventricular dilatation of broiler chickens. In: Swayne DE, Glisson JR, McDouglald LR, Nolan LK, Suarez DL, Nair VL (eds) Diseases of poultry. 13th ed., Wiley-Blackwell Publishing, Ames, USA, pp 1328-1332.
Kim HR, Yoon SJ, Lee HS, Kwon YK (2015) Identification of a picornavirus from chickens with transmissible viral proventriculitis using metagenomic analysis. Arch Virol 160: 701-709.
Kouwenhoven B, Davelaar FG, Van Walsum J (1978) Infectious proventriculitis causing runting in broilers. Avian Pathol 7: 183-187.
Leão PA, Amaral CI, Santos WH, Moreira MV, de Oliveira LB, Costa EA, Resende M, Wenceslau R, Ecco R (2021) Retrospective and prospective studies of transmissible viral proventriculitis in broiler chickens in Brazil. J Vet Diagn Invest 33: 605-610.
Marquerie J, Leon O, Albaric O, Guy JS, Guerin JL (2011) Birnavirus-associated proventriculitis in French broiler chickens. Vet Rec 169: 394-396.
Śmiałek M, Gesek M, Dziewulska D, Niczyporuk JS, Koncicki A (2020) Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis Caused by Chicken Proventric-ular Necrosis Virus Displaying Serological Cross-Reactivity with IBDV. Animals 11: 8, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010008
Śmiałek M, Gesek M, Śmiałek A, Koncicki A (2017) Identification of Transmissible Viral Proventriculitis (TVP) in broiler chickens in Po-land. Pol J Vet Sci 20: 417-420.
Yu L, Jiang Y, Low S, Wang Z, Nam SJ, Liu W, Kwangac J (2001) Characterization of three infectious bronchitis virus isolates from China associated with proventriculus in vaccinated chickens. Avian Dis 45: 416-424.

Becker-Birck M, Schmidt A, Lasarzik J, Aurich J, Mostl E, Aurich C (2013) Cortisol release and heart rate variability in sport horses partici-pating in equestrian competitions. J Vet Behav 8: 87-94.
Cayado P, Munoz-Escassi B, Dominguez C, Manley W, Olabarri B, Sanchez de la Muela M, Castejon F, Maranon G, Vara E (2006) Hor-mone response to training and competition in athletic horses. Equine Vet J Suppl 36: 274-78.
Christensen JW, Beekmans M, van Dalumb M, Van Dierendonck M (2014) Effects of hyperflexion on acute stress responses in ridden dres-sage horses. Physiol Behav 128: 39-45.
Cook N, Schaefer A, Warren L, Burwash L, Anderson M, Baron V (2001) Adrenocortical and metabolic responses to ACTH injection in horses: an assessment by salivary cortisol and infrared thermography of the eye. Can J Anim Sci 81: 621.
Fazio E, Calabrò G, Medica P, Messineo C, Ferlazzo A (2006) Serum cortisol levels of quarter horses: circadian variations and effects of training and western riding events. In: Lindner A (ed) Management of Lameness Causes in Sport Horses. Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2006, Cambridge, pp 175-179.
Fazio E, Medica P, Cravana C, Ferlazzo A (2008) Effects of competition experience and transportation on the adrenocortical and thyroid re-sponses of horses. Vet Rec 163: 713-716.
Irvine CH, Alexander SL (1994) Factors affecting the circadian rhythm in plasma cortisol concentrations in the horse. Domest Anim Endocrinol 11: 227-238.
Kędzierski W, Cywińska A, Strzelec K, Kowalik S (2014) Changes in salivary and plasma cortisol levels in Purebred Arabian horses during race training session. Anim Sci J 85: 313-317.
Mormède P, Andanson S, Aupérin B, Beerda B, Guémené D, Malmkvist J, Manteca X, Manteuffel G, Prunet P, van Reenen CG, Richard S, Veissier I (2007) Exploration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function as a tool to evaluate animal welfare. Physiol Behav 92: 317-339.
National Research Council (2007) Nutrient requirements of horses, 6th ed., National Academy Press, Washington DC.
Redaelli V, Luzi F, Mazzola S, Bariffi GD, Zappaterra M, Nanni Costa L, Padalino B (2019) The use of infrared thermography (IRT) as stress indicator in horses trained for endurance: a pilot study. Anim 9: 84.
Schmidt A, Aurich J, Möstl E, Müller J, Aurich C (2010) Changes in cortisol release and heart rate and heart rate variability during the initial training of 3-year-old sport horses. Horm Behav 58: 628-636.
Soroko M, Howell K, Dudek K, Henklewski R, Zielińska P (2017) The influence of breed, age, gender, training level and ambient temperature on forelimb and back temperature in racehorses. Anim Sci J 88: 347-355.
Soroko M, Howell K, Zwyrzykowska A, Dudek K, Zielińska P, Kupczyński R (2016) Maximum eye temperature in the assessment of train-ing in racehorses: correlations with salivary cortisol concentration, rectal temperature and heart rate. J Equine Vet Sci 45: 39-45.
Soroko M, Spitalniak-Bajerska K, Zaborski D, Pozniak B, Dudek K, Janczarek I (2019) Exercise-induced changes in skin temperature and blood parameters in horses. Arch Anim Breed 62: 205-213.
Stewart M, Webster JR, Schaefer AL, Cook NJ, Scott SL (2005) Infrared thermography as a non-invasive tool to study animal welfare. Anim Welf 14: 319-325.
Stewart M, Webster JR, Verkerk GA, Schaefer AL, Colyn JJ, Stafford KJ (2007) Non-invasive measurement of stress in dairy cows using infrared thermography. Physiol Behav 92: 520-525.
Valera M, Bartolomé E, Sánchez MJ, Molina A, Cook N, Schaefer A (2012) Changes in eye temperature and stress assessment in horses during show jumping competitions. J Equine Vet Sci 32: 827-830.

Anonymous (2001) Directive 2001/82/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 November 2001 on the Community Code Re-lating to Veterinary Medicinal Pro- ducts. Official Journal L, 311, 28/11/2001, pp 1-66.
Anonymous (2012) Law on medicines and medical devices Republic of Serbia (“Official Gazette of RS”, No. 30/2010, 107/2012 other law and 113/2017 – other law). Available from: https://www.alims.gov.rs/eng/regulations/law-on-medicines-and-medical-devices/ (Accessed: 15.12.2020)
Anonymous (2015) Guidelines for the prudent use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine (2015/C 299/04). Official Journal of the European Union. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/health/sites/health/files/antimicrobial _resistance/docs/2015_prudent_use_guidelines_en.pdf (Ac-cessed: 20.01.2021)
Beco L, Guaguère E, Méndez C, Noli C, Nuttall T, Vroom M (2013) Suggested guidelines for using systemic antimicrobials in bacterial skin infections: part 2- antimicrobial choice, treatment regimens and compliance. Vet Rec 172: 156-160.
Bergvall K, Greko C, Ingman J, Larsson CI, Mannerfelt T, Odensvik K, Pelander L, Sjöström L, Holst BS, Weidman A, Wellander M (2009) Guidelines for the clinical use of antibiotics in the treatment of dogs and cats. Swedish Veterinary Association. Available from: https://www.svf.se/media/jzqbjer5/policy-ab-english-dogs-and-cats.pdf (Accessed: 10.09.2020).
De Briyne N, Atkinson J, Pokludová L, Borriello SP (2014) Antibiotics used most commonly to treat animals in Europe. Vet Rec 175: 325.
EMA/CVMP (2017) Reflection paper on off-label use of antimicrobials in veterinary medicine in The European Union. Available from: https://www.ema.europa.eu/en (Accessed: 6.12.2020).
Escher M, Vanni M, Intorre L, Caprioli A, Tognetti R, Scavia G (2011) Use of antimicrobials in companion animal practice: a retrospective study in a veterinary teaching hospital in Italy. J Antimicrob Chemother 66: 920-927.
Filipovic D (2008) Humani lekovi – ad us. vet. Serbian association of small animal practitioners. Available from: www.sasap.org.rs (in Ser-bian) (Accessed 10.11.2020).
Gómez-Poveda B, Moreno MA (2018) Antimicrobial Prescriptions for Dogs in the Capital Of Spain. Front Vet Sci 5: 309.
Hardefeldt LY, Holloway S, Trott DJ, Shipstone M, Barrs VR, Malik R, Burrows M, Armstrong S, Browning GF, Stevenson M (2017) Antimicrobial Prescribing in Dogs and Cats in Australia: Results of the Australasian Infectious Disease Advisory Panel Survey. J Vet Intern Med 31: 1100-1107.
Holloway S, Trott D, Shipstone M, Barrs V, Malik R, Burrows M (2013) Antibiotic prescribing detailed guidelines. Australian Infectious Diseases Advisory Panel. Available from: http://www.ava.com.au/sites/default/files/AVA_website/pdfs/AIDAPguidelines.pdf. (Accessed 25.12.2020).
Hölsö,K, Rantala M, Lillas A, Eerikäinen S, Huovinen P, Kaartinen L (2005) Prescribing Antimicrobal Agents for Dogs and Cats via Univer-sity Pharmacies in Finland – Patterns and Quality of Information. Acta Vet Scand 46: 87-93.
Joosten P, Ceccarelli D, Oden E, Sarrazin S, Graveland H, Van Gompel L, Battisti A, Caprioli A, Franco A, Wagenaar JA, Mevius D, Dewulf J (2020) Antimicrobial usage and resistance in companion animals: a cross- -sectional study in three European countries. Antibiotics (Basel) 9: 87.
Jessen LR, Damborg P, Spohr A, Goericke-Pesch S, Langhorn R, Houser G, Willesen J, Schjærff M, Eriksen T, Sørensen TM, Jensen VF, Obling F, Guardabassi L (2019) Anti- biotic use guidelines for companion animal practice, 2nd ed., Companion Animal Group, Danish Veterinary Association.
Lappin MR, Blondeau J, Boothe D, Breitschwerdt EB, Guardabassi L, Lloyd DH, Papich MG, Rankin SC, Sykes JE, Turnidge J, Weese JS (2017) Antimicrobial use Guidelines for Treatment of Respiratory Tract Disease in Dogs and Cats: Antimicrobal Guidelines Working Group of the International Society for Companion Animal Infectious Diseases. J Vet Intern Med 31: 279-294.
Lehner C, Hubbuch A, Schmitt K, Schuepbach-Regula G, Willi B, Mevissen M, Peter R, Muentener CR, Naegeli H, Schuller S (2020) Effect of antimicrobial stewardship on antimicrobial prescriptions for selected diseases of dogs in Switzerland. J Vet Intern Med 34: 2418-2431.
Lutz B, Lehner C, Schmitt K, Willi B, Schüpbach G, Mevissen M, Peter R, Müntener C, Naegeli H, Schuller S (2020) Antimicrobial prescrip-tions and adherence to prudent use guidelines for selected canine diseases in Switzerland in 2016. Vet Rec Open 7: e000370.
Murphy CP, Reid-Smith RJ, Boerlin P, Weese JS, Prescott JF, Janecko N, McEwen SA (2012) Out-patient antimicrobial drug use in dogs and cats for new disease events from community companion animal practices in Ontario. Can Vet J 53: 291-298.
Odensvik K, Grave K, Greko C (2001) Antibacterial Drugs Prescribed for Dogs and Cats in Sweden and Norway 1990-1998. Acta Vet Scand 42: 189-198.
Pomba, C, Rantala M, Greko C, Baptiste KE, Catry B, Van Duijkeren E, Mateus A, Moreno MA, Pyörälä S, Ružauskas M, Sanders P Teale C, Threlfall EJ, Kunsagi Z, Torren-Edo J, Jukes H, Törneke K (2017) Public health risk of antimicrobial resistance transfer from companion animals. J Antimicrob Chemother 72: 957-968.
Rantala M, Hölsö K, Lillas A, Huovinen P, Kaartinen L (2004) Survey of condition-based prescribing of antimicrobial drugs for dogs at a veterinary teaching hospital. Vet Rec 155: 259-262.
Regula G, Torriani K, Gassner B, Stucki F, Müntener CR (2009) Prescription patterns of antimicrobials in veterinary practices in Switzerland. J Antimicrob Chemother 63: 805-811.
Robbins SN, Goggs R, Lhermie G, Lalonde-Paul DF, Menard J (2020) Antimicrobial Prescribing Practices in Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care. Front Vet Sci 7: 110.
Rollin BE (2002) An ethicist’s commentary on extra-label drug use. Can Vet J 43: 749–750.
Schwarz S, Loeffler A, Kadlec K (2017) Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents and its impact on veterinary and human medicine. Vet Dermatol 28: 82-e19.
Singleton DA, Sánchez-Vizcaíno F, Dawson S, Jones PH, Noble PJ, Pinchbeck GL, Williams NJ, Radford AD (2017) Patterns of antimicro-bial agent prescription in a sentinel population of canine and feline veterinary practices in the United Kingdom. Vet J 224: 18-24.
Tanaka N, Takizawa T, Miyamoto N, Funayama S, Tanaka R, Okano S, Iwasaki T (2017) Real world data of a veterinary teaching hospital in Japan: a pilot survey of prescribed medicines. Vet Rec Open 4: e000218.
Van Miert ASJPAM, Bogaert MG, Debeckere M (1986) The use in animals of drugs licensed for human use only. In: Comparative Veteri-nary Pharmacology, Toxicology and Theraphy. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 489-500.
World Health Organization (WHO) (2018) Critically Important Antimicrobials for Human Medicine 6th Revision. Advisory Group on Inte-grated Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (AGISAR) Available from: https://www.who.int/foodsafety/publications/antimicrobials-sixth/en/ (Accessed: 05.01.2021).

Aldskogius H, Elfvin LG, Forsman CA (1986) Primary sensory afferents in the inferior mesenteric ganglion and related nerves of the guinea pig. An experimental study with anterogradely transported wheat germ agglutinin- -horseradish peroxidase conjugate. J Auton Nerv Syst 15: 179-190.
Atanassova D, Lazarov N (2015) Histochemical demonstration of tripeptidyl aminopeptidase I in the rat carotid body. Acta Histochem 117: 219-222.
Bond M, Holthaus S-M, Tammen I, Tear G, Russell C (2013) Use of model organisms for the study of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. Bio-chim Biophys Acta 1832: 1842-1865.
Bossowska A, Crayton R, Radziszewski P, Kmiec Z, Majewski M (2009) Distribution and neurochemical characterization of sensory dorsal root ganglia neurons supplying porcine urinary bladder. J Physiol Pharmacol 60 (Suppl 4): 77-81.
Cesta MF, Mozzachio K, Little PB, Olby NJ, Sills RC, Brown TT (2006) Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis in a Vietnamese pot-bellied pig (Sus scrofa). Vet Pathol 43: 556-560.
Cowan P J, Cooper DK, d’Apice A J (2014) Kidney xenotransplantation. Kidney Int 85: 265–275.
Dikov A, Dimitrova M, Ivanov I, Krieg R, Halbhub KJ (2000) Original method for the histochemical demonstration of tripeptidyl aminopep-tidase I. Cell Mol Biol 46: 1219-1225.
Dimitrova M, Ivanov I, Deleva D (2009) Distribution of tripeptidyl peptidase I activity of the rat brain and spinal cord. CR Acad Bulg Sci 62: 729 -734.
Dimitrova MB, Atanasova DY, Lazarov NE (2017a) Histochemical demonstration of tripeptidyl aminopeptidase I. In: Histochemistry of Single Molecules: Methods and Protocols. Pellicciari C, Biggiogera M (eds) Methods in molecular biology, vol. 1560, chapter 4, Humana Press, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, LLC, pp 55-68.
Dimitrova MB, Atanasova DY, Lazarov NE (2017b) Tripeptidyl peptidase I and its role in neurodegenerative and tumor diseases. In: Chakraborti S, Dhalla NS (eds) Pathophysiological aspects of proteases, Springer Science+Business Media, New York, LLC, pp 147-160.
Esposito MF, Malayil R, Hanes M, Deer T (2019) Unique characteristics of the dorsal root ganglion as a target for neuromodulation. Pain Med 20 (Suppl 1): S23-S30.
George D, Ahrens P, Lambert S (2018) Satellite glial cells represent a population of developmentally arrested Schwann cells. Glia 66: 1496-1506.
Gołabek AA (2006). Tripeptidyl-peptidase I – distribution, biogenesis, and mechanisms of activation. Postepy Biochem 52: 16-23.
Gutierrez K, Dicks N, Glanzner WG, Agellon LB, Bordignon V (2015) Efficacy of the porcine species in biomedical research. Fron Genet 6: 293.
Hanani M (2005) Satellite glial cells in sensory ganglia: from form to function. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 48: 457-476.
Ivanov I, Tasheva D, Todorova R, Dimitrova M (2009) Synthesis and use of 4-peptidylhydrazido-N-hexyl-1,8-naphthalimides as fluorogenic histochemical substrates for dipeptidyl peptidase IV and tripeptidyl peptidase I. Eur J Med Chem 44: 384-392.
Kida E, Gołabek AA, Walus M, Wujek P, Kaczmarski W, Wisniewski K (2001) Distribution of trypeptidyl peptidase I in human tissues under normal and pathological conditions. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 60: 280-292.
Koike M, Shibata M, Ohsawa Y, Kametaka S, Waguri S, Kominami E, Uchiyama Y (2002) The expression of trypeptidyl peptidase I in vari-ous tissues of rats and mice. Arch Histol Cytol 65: 219-232.
Kozłowska A, Mikołajczyk A, Majewski M (2018a) Distribution and neurochemistry of porcine urinary bladder-projecting sensory neurons in subdomains of the dorsal root ganglia: A quantitative analysis. Ann Anat 216: 36-51.
Kozłowska A, Mikołajczyk A, Majewski M (2018b) Neurochemical difference between somato- and viscero-projecting sensory neurons in the pig. J Chem Neuroanat 94: 8-20.
Kurachi Y, Oka A, Itoh M, Mizuguchi M., Hayashi M., Takashima S (2001) Distribution and develop- ment of CLN2 protein, the late-infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis gene product. Acta Neuropathol 102: 20-26.
Kuzmuk K N, Schook LB (2011) Pigs as model in Biomedical Science. In: Rothschild MF, Ruvinsky A (eds) The genetic of the pig. CAB International, pp. 426-444.
Lunney J K (2007) Advances in swine biomedical model genomics. Int J Biol Sci 3: 179-184
Lelovas PP, Kostomitsopoulos NG, Xanthos TT (2014) A Comparative Anatomic and Physiologic Overview of the Porcine Heart. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 53: 432-438.
Matthews MR, Cuello AC (1982) Substance P-immunoreactive peripheral branches of sensory neurons innervate guinea pig sympathetic neurons. Proc Natl Acad Sci 79: 1668-1672.
McDonald JK, Hoisington AR, Eisenhauer DA (1985) Partial purification and characterization of an ovarian tripeptidyl peptidase: a lysosomal exopeptidase that sequentially releases collagen-related (Gly-Pro-X) triplets. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 126: 63-71.
Nascimento AI, Mar FM, Sousa MM (2018) The intriquing nature of dorsal root ganglion neurons: Linking structure with polarity and func-tion. Prog Neurobiol 168: 86-103.
Pannese E (1981) The satellite cells of sensory ganglia. Adv Anat Embryol Cell Biol 65: 1-111.
Pannese E (2002) Perikaryal surface specializations of neurons in sensory ganglia. Int Rev Cytol 220: 1-34.
Pannese E (2010) The structure of perineuronal sheath of satellite glial cells (SGCs) in sensory ganglia. Neuron Glia Biology 6 (1): 3-10.
Pidsudko Z (2014) Immunohistochemical characteristics and distribution of sensory dorsal root Ganglia neurons supplying the urinary bladder in male pig. J Mol Neurosci 52: 71-81.
Russo D, Clavenzani P, Sorteni C, Minelli LB, Botti M, Gazza F, Panu R, Ragionieri L, Chiocchetti R (2013) Neurochemical features of boar lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion neurons and characterization of sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder trigone. J Comp Neurol 521: 342-366.
Stefanov IS, Vodenicharov AP, Tsandev NS (2017) Localization of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate diaphorase containing neu-rons and mast cells in porcine lumbar spinal ganglia. CR Acad Bulg Sci 70: 1473-1480.
Steinfeld R, Heim P, von Gregory H, Meyer K, Ullrich K, Goebel HH, Kohlschutter A (2002) Late infantile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis: quantitative description of the clinical course in patients with CLN2 mutations. Am J Med Genet 112: 347-354.
Summerfield A, Meurens F, Ricklin ME (2015) The immunology of the porcine skin and its value as a model for human skin. Mol Immunol 66: 14-21.

Balicki I (2005) Research on diagnostic and treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Postdoctoral dissertation, WAR Lublin 204: 16-34.
Balicki I (2008) Current methods of diagnosis and therapy of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Med Weter 64: 40-44.
Balicki I (2012) Clinical study on the application of tacro- limus and DMSO in the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Pol J Vet Sci 15: 667-676.
Balicki I, Trbolova A (2010) Clinical evaluation of tacrolimus eye drops for chronic superficial keratitis treatment in dogs. Bull Vet Inst Puławy 54: 251-258.
Bigelbach A (1994) Topical use of cyclosporine in the treatment of corticosteroid resistant cases of chronic superficial keratitis (Uberreiter) and plasma cell infiltration of the nictitating membrane. Europ J Comp Anim Pract 38: 271-280.
Binnick SA, Shore SS, Corman A, Fleischmajer R (1977) Failure of dimethyl sulfoxide in the treatment of scleroderma. Arch Dermatol 113: 1398-1402.
Brayton CF (1986) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO): a review. Cornell Vet 76: 61-90.
Chandler HL, Kusewitt DF, Colitz CM (2008) Modulation of matrix metalloproteinases by ultraviolet radiation in the canine cornea. Vet Ophthalmol 11: 135-144.
Del Maestro R, Thaw HH, Björk J, Planker M, Arfors KE (1980) Free radicals as mediators of tissue injury. Acta Physiol Scand Suppl 492: 43-57.
Denk N, Fritsche J, Reese S (2011) The effect of UV-blocking contact lenses as a therapy for canine chronic superficial keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol 14: 186-194.
Jokinen P, Rusanen EM, Kennedy LJ, Lohi H (2011) MHC class II risk haplotype associated with canine chronic superficial keratitis in German Shepherd dogs. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 140: 37-41.
Joseph MA, Kaufman HE, Insler M (2005) Topical tacrolimus ointment for treatment of refractory anterior segment inflammatory disorders. Cornea 24: 417-420.
Kawa P (1997) Research on the influence of agents inhibiting the activity and formation of oxygen free radicals on the healing of an experi-mental corneal ulcer. Doctoral Thesis, AM Lublin, Poland.
Maibach HI, Feldmann RJ (1967) The effect of DMSO on percutaneous penetration of hydrocortisone and testosterone in man. Ann N Y Acad Sci 141: 423-427.
Nell B, Walde I, Billich A, Vit P, Meingassner JG (2005) The effect of topical pimecrolimus on keratoconjunctivitis sicca and chronic superfi-cial keratitis in dogs: results from an exploratory study. Vet Ophthalmol 8: 39-46.
Parrilha LR, Nai GA, Giuffrida R, Barbero RC, Padovani LD, Pereira RH, Silva DA, Silva MC, Diniz MS, Andrade SF (2015) Comparison of 1% cyclosporine eye drops in olive oil and in linseed oil to treat experimentally-induced keratoconjunctivitis sicca in rabbits. Arq Bras Oftalmol 78: 295-299.
Rawls WF, Cox L, Rovner ES (2017) Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as intravesical therapy for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: A review. Neurourol Urodyn 36: 1677-1684.
Sanchez RF, Dawson C, Matas Riera M, Escanilla N (2016) Preliminary results of a prospective study of inter- and intra-user variability of the Royal Veterinary College corneal clarity score (RVC-CCS) for use in veterinary practice. Vet Ophthalmol 19: 313-318.
Sanchez S, Studer M, Currin P, Barlett P, Bounous D (2001) Listeria keratitis in a horse. Vet Ophthalmol 4: 217-219.
Slatter DH, Lavach JD, Severin GA, Young S (1977) Uberreteiter’s syndrome (chronic superficial keratitis) in dogs in the Rocky Mountain area – a study of 463 cases. J Small Anim Pract 18: 757-772.
Toczołowski J, Wolski T, Klamut-Sory K (1992) Effect of drugs inhibiting the formation of hydroxide radicals on healing of experimental corneal ulcer. Klin Oczna 94: 83-85.
Williams DL (1997) A comparative approach to topical cyclosporine therapy. Eye (Lond) 11: 453-464.
Williams DL (2005) Major histocompatibility class II expression in the normal canine cornea and in canine chronic superficial keratitis. Vet Ophthalmol 8: 395-400.
Williams DL, Hoey AJ, Smitherman P (1995) Comparison of topical cyclosporin and dexamethasone for the treatment of chronic superficial keratitis in dogs. Vet Rec 137: 635-639.

Abdelghany AE, Elkhaiat HM (2015) The importance of copper and the effects of its deficiency and toxicity in animal health. Int J Livest Res 5: 1-20.
Amici A, Danieli PP, Russo C, Primi R, Ronchi B (2012) Concentrations of some toxic and trace elements in wild boar (Sus scrofa) organs and tissues in different areas of the Province of Viterbo, Central Italy. Ital J Anim Sci 11: 65.
Balicka-Ramisz A, Pilarczyk B, Ramisz A, Pilarczyk R, Nader K (2010) Selenium concentrations in the liver, kidneys, and muscles in Silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes). Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 54: 265-267.
Bednarek D, Bik D (1994) Influence of selenium on animals’ health. Part II. Result of deficiency (In Polish). Życie Wet 7: 269-272.
Brightling P (1983) Enzootic ataxia in lambs and kids in Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 24: 164-165.
Chen J, Berry MJ (2003) Selenium and selenoproteins in the brain and brain diseases. J Neurochem 86: 1-12.
CSO (Central Statistical Office) 2017: Forestry 2017. Central Statistical Office Press: Warsaw, Poland, 2015: 163. Available online: https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/rolnictwo-lesnictwo/lesnictwo/lesnictwo-2015,1,11.html.
Cygan-Szczegielniak D, Stanek M, Stasiak K, Roslewska A, Janicki B (2018) The Content of Mineral Elements and Heavy Metals in the Hair of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) from Selected Regions of Poland. Folia Biol (Kraków) 66: 133-142.
Falandysz J, Szymczyk-Kobrzyńska K, Brzostowski A, Zalewski K, Zasadowski A (2005) Concentrations of heavy metals in the tissues of Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) from the region of Warmia and Mazury, Poland. Food Addit Contam 22: 141-149.
Falandysz J, Zhang J, Wang YZ, Saba M, Krasińska G, Wiejak A, Li T (2015) Evaluation of mercury contamination in fungi boletus species from latosols, lateritic red earths, and red and yellow earths in the circum-Pacific mercuriferous belt of southwestern China. PLoS One 10: 0143608.
Gaetke LM, Chow CK (2003) Copper toxicity, oxidative stress, and antioxidant nutrients. Toxicology 189: 147-63.
Georgiev D, Raichev E, Dospatliev L, Ivanova M, Peeva S, Kalcheva S, Georgieva K (2018) Heavy metals concentrations in organs of red foxes (Vulpes Vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) and golden jackals (Canis Aureus Linnaeus, 1758) inhabiting the “Sarnena Sredna Gora” mountain in Bulgaria. Bulg J Agric Sci 24: 119-124.
Haider S, Anis L, Batool Z, Sajid I, Naqvi F, Khaliq S, Ahme S (2015) Short term cadmium administration dose dependently elicits immediate biochemical, neurochemical and neurobehavioral dysfunction in male rats. Metab Brain Dis 30: 83.
Handeland K, Flåøyen A (2000) Enzootic ataxia in a Norwegian red deer herd. Acta Vet Scand 41: 329-331.
Heltai M, Markov G (2012) Red fox (Vulpes vulpes Linnaeus, 1758) as biological indicator for environmental pollution in Hungary. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 89: 910-914.
Hosking WJ, Caple IW, Halpin CG, Brown AJP, Paynter DI, Conley DN, North-Coombes PL (1986) Copper. In: Trace elements for pas-tures and animals in victoria. Victorian Goverment Printing Office, Melbourne, p 9-13.
Ikeda M, Zhang ZW, Moon CS, Imai Y, Watanabe T, Shimbo S, Ma WC, Lee CC, Guo YL (1996) Background exposure of general popula-tion to cadmium and lead in Tainan City, Taiwan. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 30: 121-126.
Kincaid RL (1999) Assessment of trace mineral status of ruminants, A review. J Anim Sci 77: 1-10.
Koenig KM, Rode LM, Cohen RD, Buckley WT (1997) Effects of diet and chemical form of selenium on sele- nium metabolism in sheep. J Anim Sci 75: 817-827.
Kuiters AT (1996) Accumulation of cadmium and lead in red deer and wild boar at the Veluwe, The Netherlands. Vet Q 18 Suppl 3: 134-135.
Medvedev N, Panichev N, Hyvarinen H (1997) Levels of heavy metals in seals of Lake Ladoga and the White Sea. Sci Total Environ 206: 95-105.
Meschy F (2010) Sulfur and trace elements. Selenium. In: Mineral nutrition of ruminants (in French). Editions Quae,Versaille, France, p 208.
Miao X, Sun W, Fu Y, Miao L, Cai L (2013) Zinc homeostasis in the metabolic syndrome and diabetes. Front Med 7: 31-52.
Millan J, Mateo R, Taggart MA, Lopez-Bao JV, Viota M, Monsalve L, Camarero PR, Blazquez E, Jimenez B (2008) Levels of heavy metals and metalloids in critically endangered Iberian lynx and other wild carnivores from Southern Spain. Sci Total Environ 399: 193-201.
Paniagua-Castro N, Escalona-Cardoso G, Chamorro-Cevallos G (2007) Glycine reduces cadmium-induced teratogenic damage in mice. Re-prod Toxicol 23: 92-97.
Pérez-López M, Soler F, Hernandez-Moreno D, Rigueira L, Fidalgo LE, López-Beceiro A (2015) Bioaccumulation of cadmium, lead and zinc in liver and kidney of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) from NW Spain: influence of gender and age. Toxicol Environ Chem 98: 1-9.
Pilarczyk B, Balicka-Ramisz A, Ramisz A, Adamowicz E, Bujak T, Tomza-Marciniak A , Bąkowska M, Da̧browska- -Wieczorek M (2008) Selenium concentration in roe deer from the Western Pomerania, Poland. Bull Vet Inst Pulawy 52: 631-633.
Pilarczyk B, Hendzel D, Pilarczyk R, Tomza-Marciniak A, Błaszczyk B, Dąbrowska-Wieczorek M, Bąkowska M, Adamowicz E, Bujak T (2010) Liver and kidney concentrations of selenium in wild boars (Sus scrofa) from northwestern Poland. Eur J Wildl Res 56: 797-802.
Piskorová L, Vasilková Z , Krupicer I (2003) Heavy metal residues in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) in the Central Zemplin region of the Slovak Republic. Czech J Anim Sci 48: 134-138.
Pollock B (2005) Trace elements status of white-tailed red deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and moose (Alces alces) in Nova Scotia. Canadian Cooperative Wildlife Health Centre – Newsletters & Publications, Lincoln, p 17.
Prasad AS (2013) Discovery of human zinc deficiency: Its impact on human health and disease. Adv Nutr 176-190.
Puls R (1994) Mineral levels in animal health: diagnostic data. 2nd ed., Sherpa International, Clearbrook, p 356.
Radwinska J, Zarczynska K (2014) Effects of mineral deficiency on the health of young ruminants. J Elem 19: 915-928.
Rous P, Jelínek P (2000) The effect of soil contamination on heavy metals content in some rabbit tissues. Czech J Anim Sci 45: 319-324.
Santiago D, Motas-Guzmán M, Reja A, María-Mojica P, Rodero B, García-Fernández AJ (1998) Lead and cadmium in red deer and wild boar from Sierra Morena Mountains (Andalusia, Spain). Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 61: 730-737.
Srebocan E, Pompe-Gotal J, Konjevic D, Crnic A, Popović N, Kolić E (2006) Cadmium in fallow deer tissue. Vet Arhiv 76: S143-S150.
Suran J, Prišć M, Rašić D, Srebocan E, Crnic A (2013) Malondialdehyde and heavy metal concentrations in tissues of wild boar (Sus scrofa L.) from central Croatia. J Environ Sci Health B 48: 147-152.
Toman R, Massányi P, Uhrín V (2002) Changes in the testis and epididymis of rabbits after an intraperitoneal and peroral administration of cadmium. Trace Elem Med 19: 114-117.
Underwood EJ, Suttle NF (1999) The Mineral Nutrition of Livestock. 3rd ed., CABI Publishing, Wallingford, Oxon, p 283-292.
Vikøren T, Bernhoft A, Waaler T, Handeland K (2005) Liver concentrations of copper, cobalt, and selenium in wild Norwegian red deer (Cervus elaphus). J Wildl Dis 41: 569-579.
Whanger P, Vendeland S, Park Y, Xia Y (1996) Metabolism of subtoxic levels of selenium in animals and humans. Ann Clin Lab Sci 26: 99-113.
Whitelaw A (1985) Copper deficiency in cattle and sheep. In Pract 7: 98-100.
Wieczorek J, Gambuś F (2005) Heavy metal distribution in organisms of hares, roe deer and foxes. Ecol Chem Eng S 12: 127-133.
Wilson PR, Grace ND (2001) A review of tissue reference values to assess the trace elements status of farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). N Z Vet J 49: 126-132.
Wysocka D, Snarska A, Sobiech P (2019) Copper – an essential micronutrient for calves and adult cattle. J Elem 24: 101-110.

Barański W, Janowski T, Raś M, Zduńczyk S, Opsomer G, Dewulf J, de Kruif A (2008) Incidence of reproduction disorders and fertility parameters in dairy herds under the herd health program. Med Weter 64: 807-811.
Bogucki M, Sawa A, Neja W (2007) Differences in fertility parameters of dairy cows due to increasing lactation yield. Acta Sci Pol Zootech 6: 3-10.
Borkowska D, Piatek D, Januś E, Mucha J (2012) Fertility indices of cows in a high-yielding herd. Rocz Nauk PTZ 8: 21-29.
Butler WR (2003) Energy balance relationships with follicular development, ovulation and fertility in postpartum dairy cows. Livest Prod Sci 83: 211-218.
de Kruif A, Opsomer G (2004) Integrated dairy herd health management as the basis for prevention. Vlaams Diergeneeskd Tijdschr 73: 44-52.
de Kruif A, Leroy J, Opsomer G (2008) Reproductive performance in high producing dairy cows: practical implications. Tierarztl Prax 36 (Suppl 1): 29-33.
Derks M, van Werven T, Hogeveen H, Kremer WD (2013) Veterinary herd health management programs on dairy farms in the Netherlands: use, execution, and relations to farmer characteristics. J Dairy Sci 96: 1623-1637.
Dobson H, Smith R, Royal M, Knight CH, Sheldon I (2007) The high-producing dairy cow and its reproductive performance. Reprod Domest Anim 42 (Suppl 2): 17-23.
Dobson H, Walker SL, Morris MJ, Routly JE, Smith RF (2008) Why is it getting more difficult to successfully artificially inseminate dairy cows? Animal 2: 1104-1111.
Dymnicki E, Krzyżewski J, Oprządek J, Reklewski Z, Oprządek A (2003) Relationship between the length of calving intervals and milk trace in black-and-white cows. Med Weter 9: 792-796.
Januś E, Borkowska D (2012) Correlations between milk yield in primiparous PHF cows and selected lifetime performance and fertility indi-cators as well as reasons for culling, Acta Sci Pol Zootech 11: 23-32.
Lopez H, Satter LD, Wiltbank MC (2004) Relationship between level of milk production and estrous behavior of lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 81: 209-223.
Lucy MC (2007) Fertility in high-producing dairy cows: reasons for decline and corrective strategies for sustainable improvement. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl. 64: 237-254.
Mee JF (2007) The role of the veterinarian in bovine fertility management on modern dairy farms. Theriogenology 68 (Suppl 1): 257-265.
Mee JF (2010) Veterinary dairy herd fertility service provision in seasonal and non-seasonal dairy industries – a comparison. Ir Vet J 63: 230-235.
Morek-Kopeć M, Żarnecki A (2009) Culling reasons in the population of Polish Holstein-Friesian Black and White cows. Rocz Nauk PTZ 5: 9-17.
Noordhuizen JP, Wentink GH (2001) Developments in veterinary herd health programmes on dairy farms: a review. Vet Q 23: 162-169.
Norman HD, Wright JR, Hubbard SM, Miller RH, Hutchison JL (2009) Reproductive status of Holstein and Jersey cows in the United States. J Dairy Sci 92: 3517-3528.
Polska Federacja Hodowców Bydła i Producentów Mleka (PFHBiPM) (2020) Evaluation and breeding of dairy cattle. Dane za rok 2019. pfhb.pl PFHBiPM Wyniki poglad 2020 WEB.
Roche JF (2006) The effect of nutritional management of the dairy cow on reproductive efficiency. Anim Reprod Sci 96: 282-296.
Royal M, Mann GE, Flint AP (2000) Strategies for reversing the trend towards subfertility in dairy cattle. Vet J 160: 53-60.
Sangsritavong S, Combs DK, Sartori R, Armentano LE, Wiltbank MC (2002) High feed intake increases liver blood flow and metabolism of progesterone and estra- diol-17beta in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 85: 2831-2842.
Walsh SW, Williams EJ, Evans AC (2011) A review of the causes of poor fertility in high milk producing dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci 123: 127-138.
Wiltbank M, Lopez H, Sartori R, Sangsritavong S, Gümen A (2006) Changes in reproductive physiology of lactating dairy cows due to ele-vated steroid metabolism. Therio- genology 65: 17-29.
Zduńczyk S, Janowski T, Raś M (2005) Current views on the phenomenon of silent heat in cows. Med Weter 61: 726-729.

Bi Y, Xu L, Qiu L, Wang S, Liu X, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Chang G (2018) Reticuloendotheliosis virus inhi- bits the immune response acting on lymphocytes from peripheral blood of chicken. Fronti Physiol 9:4
Chun-zhi Z, Lei H, An-ling Z, Yan-chao F, Xiao Y, Guang-xiu W, Zhi-fan J, Pei-yu P, Qing-yu Z, Chun-sheng K (2010). MicroRNA-221 and microRNA-222 regulate gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and radio-resistance by targeting PTEN. BMC Cancer 10: 1-10.
Dai Z, Ji J, Yan Y, Lin W, Li H, Chen F, Liu Y, Chen W, Bi Y, Xie Q (2015) Role of gga-miR-221 and gga-miR-222 during tumour for-mation in chickens infected by subgroup J avian leukosis virus. Viruses 7: 6538-6551.
Fiorucci G, Chiantore MV, Mangino G, Romeo G (2015) MicroRNAs in virus-induced tumorigenesis and IFN system. Cytokine Growth Factor Reviews 26: 183-194.
Gao C, Dang S, Zhai J, Zheng S (2020) Regulatory mechanism of microRNA-155 in chicken embryo fibroblasts in response to reticuloendo-theliosis virus infection. Vet Microbiol 242: 108610.
Gao S, Jiang H, Sun J, Diao Y, Tang Y, Hu J (2019a) Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in spleen of specific pathogen-free chicken infected with avian reticuloendotheliosis virus strain SNV. Int J Mol Sci 20: 1041.
Garofalo M, Quintavalle C, Romano G, M croce C, Condorelli G (2012) miR221/222 in cancer: their role in tumor progression and response to therapy. Curr Mol Med 12: 27-33.
Kunde S A, Rademacher N, Tzschach A, Wiedersberg E, Ullmann R, Kalscheuer V M, Shoichet S A (2013) Characterisation of de novo MAPK10/JNK3 truncation mutations associated with cognitive disorders in two unrelated patients. Hum Genet 132: 461-471.
Lee H, Kim K R, Cho N H, Hong S R, Jeong H, Kwon S Y, Park K H, An H J, Kim T H, Kim I (2014) MicroRNA expression profiling and Notch1 and Notch2 expression in minimal deviation adenocarcinoma of uterine cervix. World J Surg Oncol 12: 1-9.
Li H, Ji J, Xie Q, Shang H, Zhang H, Xin X, Chen F, Sun B, Xue C, Ma J (2012) Aberrant expression of liver microRNA in chickens in-fected with subgroup J avian leukosis virus. Virus Res 169: 268-271.
Sandford E E, Orr M, Balfanz E, Bowerman N, Li X, Zhou H, Johnson T J, Kariyawasam S, Liu P, Nolan L K (2011) Spleen transcriptome response to infection with avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in broiler chickens. BMC Genomics 12: 469.
Yao Y, Vasoya D, Kgosana L, Smith L P, Gao Y, Wang X, Watson M, Nair V (2017) Activation of gga-miR-155 by reticuloendotheliosis virus T strain and its contribution to transformation. J Gen Virol 98: 810.
Ying J, Li H, Cui Y, Wong A, Langford C, Tao Q (2006) Epigenetic disruption of two proapoptotic genes MAPK10/ /JNK3 and PTPN13/FAP-1 in multiple lymphomas and carcinomas through hypermethylation of a common bidirectional promoter. Leukemia 20: 1173-1175.
Yu Z, Gao X, Liu C, Lv X, Zheng S (2017) Analysis of microRNA expression profile in specific pathogen-free chickens in response to retic-uloendotheliosis virus infection. Appl Microbiol Biot 101: 2767-2777.

Amorim I, Smet A, Alves O, Teixeira S, Saraiva AL, Taulescu M, Reis C, Haesebrouck F Gartner F (2015) Presence and significance of Helicobacter spp. in the gastric mucosa of Portuguese dogs. Gut Pathog 7: 12.
Buczolits S, Hirt R, Rosengarten R, Busse HJ (2003) PCR-based genetic evidence for occurrence of Helicobacter pylori and novel Helico-bacter species in the canine gastric mucosa. Vet Microbiol 95: 259-270.
Chong SK, Lou Q, Fitzgerald JF, Lee CH (1996) Evaluation of 16S rRNA gene PCR with primers Hp1 and Hp2 for detection of Helicobacter pylori. J Clin Microbiol 34: 2728-2730.
De Groote D, Van Doorn LJ, Van den Bulck K, Vandamme P, Vieth M, Stolte M, Debongnie JC, Burette A, Haesebrouck F, Ducatelle R (2005) Detection of non-pylori Helicobacter species in “Helicobacter heilmannii”-infected humans. Helicobacter 10: 398-406.
Fox JG (2002) The non-H pylori helicobacters: their expan- ding role in gastrointestinal and systemic diseases. Gut 50: 273-283.
Germani Y, Dauga C, Duval P, Huerre M, Levy M, Pialoux G, Sansonetti P, Grimont PA (1997) Strategy for the detection of Helicobacter species by amplification of 16S rRNA genes and identification of H. felis in a human gastric biopsy. Res Microbiol 148: 315-326.
Goodwin CS, Armstrong JA, Chilvers T, Peter M, Colins MD, Sly L, Mcconnell W, Harper WES (1989) Transfer of Campylobacter pylori and Campylobacter mustelae to Helicobacter gen. nov. as Helicobacter pylori comb. nov. and Helicobacter mustelae comb. nov. Respectively. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39: 397-405.
Harper CM, Xu S, Feng Y, Dunn JL, Taylor NS, Dewhirst FE, Fox JG (2002) Identification of novel Helicobacter spp. from a beluga whale. Appl Environ Microbiol 68: 2040-2043.
Hong S, Chung Y, Kang WG, Choi YS, Kim O (2015) Comparison of three diagnostic assays for the identification of Helicobacter spp. in laboratory dogs. Lab Anim Res 31: 86-92.
Jankowski M, Spuzak J, Kubiak K, Glinska-Suchocka K, Biernat M (2016) Detection of gastric Helicobacter spp. in stool samples of dogs with gastritis. Pol J Vet Sci 19: 237-243.
Makristathis A, Hirschl AM, Megraud F, Bessede E (2019) Review: Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. Helicobacter 24 (Suppl 1): e12641.
Mladenova-Hristova I, Grekova O, Patel A (2017) Zoonotic potential of Helicobacter spp. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 50: 265-269.
Momtaz H, Dabiri H, Souod N, Gholami M (2014) Study of Helicobacter pylori genotype status in cows, sheep, goats and human beings. BMC Gastroenterol 14: 61.
Neiger R, Dieterich C, Burnens A, Waldvogel A, Corthesy- -Theulaz I, Halter F, Lauterburg B, Schmassmann A (1998) Detection and preva-lence of Helicobacter infection in pet cats. J Clin Microbiol 36: 634-637.
Sabry MA, Abdel-Moein KA, Seleem A (2016) Evidence of zoonotic transmission of Helicobacter canis between sheep and human contacts. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 16: 650-653.
Solnick JV (2003) Clinical significance of Helicobacter species other than Helicobacter pylori. Clin Infect Dis 36: 349-354.
Van den Bulck K, Decostere A, Baele M, Driessen A, Debongnie JC, Burette A, Stolte M, Ducatelle R, Haesebrouck F (2005) Identification of non-Helicobacter pylori spiral organisms in gastric samples from humans, dogs, and cats. J Clin Microbiol 43: 2256-2260.
Wolin MJ, Wolin EA, Jacobs NJ (1961) Cytochrome-producing anaerobic Vibrio succinogenes, sp. n. J Bacteriol 81: 911-917.

Arrioja-Dechert A (1997) Compendium of Veterinary Products 4th ed., North Amer Compendiums Inc.
Artru AA (1991) Intraocular pressure in anaesthetized dogs given flumazenil with and without prior administration of midazolam. Can J Anaesth 38: 408-414.
Caulkett NA Cattet MR, Cantwell S, Cool N, Olsen W (2000) Anesthesia of wood bison with medetomidine-zolazepam/tiletamine and xylazine-zolazepam/tiletamine combinations. Can Vet J 41: 49-53.
Chen G, Ensor CR, Bohner B (1969) The pharmacology of 2-(ethylamino)-2-(2-thienyl)-cyclohexanone· HCl (CI-634). J Pharmacol Exp Ther 168: 171-179.
Chung H, Choi H, Kim E, Jin W, Lee H, Yoo Y (2000) A fatality due to injection of tiletamine and zolazepam. J Anal Toxicol 24: 305-308.
Cording CJ, DeLuca R, Camporese T, Spratt E (1999) A fatality related to the veterinary anesthetic telazol. J Anal Toxicol 23: 552-555.
Corssen G, Miyasaka M, Domino E F (1968) Changing Concepts in Pain Control During Surgery: Dissociative Anesthesia With CI-581 A Progress Report. Anesth Analg 47: 746-758.
Cullen LK, Reynoldson JA (1997) Effects of tiletamine/zolazepam premedication on propofol anaesthesia in dogs. Vet Rec 140: 363-366.
Donaldson LL (1989) Testing low doses of intravenous Telazol in canine practice. Vet. Med. 84: 1202-1207.
Duke-Novakovski T, Vries M de, Seymour C (2016) BSAVA manual of canine and feline anaesthesia and analgesia 3rd ed., BSAVA.
Fenwick SJ, Scarth JP (2011) In vitro metabolism of tiletamine, zolazepam and nonbenzodiazepine sedatives: Identification of target metabo-lites for equine doping control. Drug Test Anal 3: 705-716.
Fieni F (1989) The use of the tiletam¡ne-zolazepam combination by intravenous injection in dog anaesthesia. Vet Rec 4: 148-50.
Fujikawa DG (2019) Starting ketamine for neuroprotection earlier than its current use as an anesthetic/antiepileptic drug late in refractory status epilepticus. Epilepsia 60: 373-380.
Gelatt KN, Gelatt JP, Plummer C (2011). Veterinary ophthalmic surgery 1st ed., Saunders Ltd.
Ghaffari MS, Rezaei MA, Mirani AH., Khorami N (2010) The effects of ketamine-midazolam anesthesia on intraocular pressure in clinically normal dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 13: 91-93.
Giordanetto F, Karis D (2012) Direct AMP-activated protein kinase activators: a review of evidence from the patent literature. Expert Opin Ther Pat 22: 1467-1477.
Guarda IF, Saad WA, de Arruda Camargo LA (2007) Nitric Oxide and Angiotensin II Receptors Mediate the Pressor Effect of Angiotensin II: A Study in Conscious and Zoletil-Anesthetized Rats. Anesth Analg 105: 1293-1297.
Hahnenberger RW (1976) Influence of cataleptoid anaesthetic agents on the intraocular pressure in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). Acta Oph-thalmol (Copenh) 54: 491-499.
Hampton CE, Riebold TW, LeBlanc NL, Scollan KF, Mandsager RE, Sisson DD (2019) Effects of intravenous administration of tileta-mine-zolazepam, alfaxalone, ketamine-diazepam, and propofol for induction of anesthesia on cardiorespiratory and metabolic variables in healthy dogs before and during anesthesia maintained with isoflurane. Am J Vet Res 80: 33-44.
Hasiuk MM, Forde N, Cooke A, Ramey K, Pang DS (2014) A comparison of alfaxalone and propofol on intraocular pressure in healthy dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 17: 411-416.
Hellyer P, Muir WW, Hubbell JA, Sally J (1988). Cardiorespiratory effects of the intravenous administration of tiletamine-zolazepam to cats. Vet Surg 17: 105-110.
Hellyer P, Muir WW III, Hubbell JA, Sally J (1989) Cardiorespiratory Effects of the Intravenous Administration of Tiletamine-Zolazepam to Dogs. Vet Surg 18: 160-165.
Hofmeister EH, Weinstein WL, Burger D, Brainard BM, Accola PJ, Moore PA (2009) Effects of graded doses of propofol for anesthesia induction on cardiovascular parameters and intraocular pressures in normal dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 36: 442-448.
Huang HC, Huang SW, Yu KH, Wang JH, Wu JT (2017) Development of a sedation protocol using orally administered tileta-mine-zolazepam-acepromazine in free-roaming dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 44: 1035-1041.
Ilkiw JE (1992) Other potentially useful new injectable anesthetic agents. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 22: 281-289.
Itoh T, Wakahara S, Nakano T, Suzuki K, Kobayashi K, Inoue O (2005) Effects of anesthesia upon 18F-FDG uptake in rhesus monkey brains. Ann Nucl Med 19: 373-377.
Jang HS, Kwon YS, Lee MG, Jang KH (2004) The Effect of Tiletamine/Zolazepam (Zoletile) Combination with Xylazine or Medetomidine on Electroencephalograms in Dogs. J Vet Med Sci 66: 501-507.
Jang M, Park S, Son W, Jo S, Hwang H, Seo K, Lee I (2015) Effect of tiletamine-zolazepam on the intraocular pressure of the dog. Vet Oph-thalmol 18: 481-484.
Johnson TV, Fan S, Toris CB (2008) Rebound tonometry in conscious, conditioned mice avoids the acute and profound effects of anesthesia on intraocular pressure. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 24: 175-185.
Kim HU, Park CS, Jun MH, Jeong SM, Kim MC (2007) Clinical antagonistic effect of atipamezole in cats anesthetized with tileta-mine-zolazepam and medetomidine. J Vet Clin 24: 104-108.
Klockgether T, Turski L, Schwarz M, Sontag KH, Lehmann J (1988) Paradoxical convulsant action of a novel non-competitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, tiletamine. Brain Res 461: 343-348.
Ko JC, Abbo LA, Weil AB, Johnson BM, Payton M (2007) A comparison of anesthetic and cardiorespiratory effects of tileta-mine-zolazepam-butorphanol and tiletamine-zolazepam-butorphanol-medetomidine in cats. Vet Ther 8: 164-176.
Ko JC, Berman AG (2010) Anesthesia in shelter medicine. Top Companion Anim Med 25: 92-97.
Kovalcuka L, Birgele E, Bandere D, Williams DL (2013) The effects of ketamine hydrochloride and diazepam on the intraocular pressure and pupil diameter of the dog’s eye. Vet Ophthalmol 16: 29-34.
Krimins RA, Ko JC, Weil AB, Payton ME (2012) Evaluation of anesthetic, analgesic, and cardiorespiratory effects in dogs after intramuscular administration of dexmedetomidine-butorphanol-tiletamine-zolazepam or dexmedetomidine-tramadol-ketamine drug combinations. Am J Vet Res 73: 1707-1714.
Kumar A, Mann HJ, Remmel RP, Beilman GJ, Kaila N (2014) Pharmacokinetic study in pigs and in vitro metabolic characterization in pig – and human-liver microsomes reveal marked differences in disposition and metabolism of tiletamine and zolazepam (Telazol). Xenobiotica 44: 379-390.
de Lacerda MS, Sampaio RL, Nunes TC (2010) Hematological and cardio-respiratory study in females dogs anesthetized with ceta-mine-s/xilazine and tiletamine/zolazepam submitted to ovariohysterectomy. Bioscience Journal 26: 913-918.
Lin HC, Thurmon JC, Benson GJ, Tranquilli WJ (1993) Telazol – a review of its pharmacology and use in veterinary medicine. J Vet Phar-macol Ther 16: 383-418.
Lin HC, Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ, Olson WA (1991) Hemodynamic response of calves to tiletamine-zolazepam-xylazine anesthesia. Am J Vet Res 52: 1606-1610.
Lu DZ, Jiang S, Yu SM, Fan HG (2014) A Comparison of Anesthetic and Cardiorespiratory Effects of Tiletamine-Zolazepam/Xylazine and Tiletamine-Zolazepam/Xylazine//Tramadol in Dogs. Pak Vet J 34: 63-67.
Lumb WV, Tranquilli WJ, Jones EW, Thurmon JC, Grimm KA (2007) Lumb & Jones’ veterinary anesthesia and analgesia, 4th ed., Blackwell Publishing.
Maddison JE, Page SW, Church DB (2008) Small animal clini- cal pharmacology, 2nd ed., Saunders Ltd.
Marietta MP, Vore ME, Way WL, Trevor AJ (1977) Characte- rization of ketamine induction of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism. Bio-chem Pharmacol 26: 2451-2453.
Momosaki S, Hatano K, Kawasumi Y, Kato T, Hosoi R, Kobayashi K, Inoue O, Ito K (2004) Rat-PET study without anesthesia: Anesthetics modify the dopamine D1 receptor binding in rat brain. Synapse 54: 207-213.
Mössner LD, Schmitz A, Theurillat R, Thormann W, Mevissen M (2011) Inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in ketamine me-tabolism by use of liver microsomes and specific cytochrome P450 enzymes from horses, dogs, and humans. Am J Vet Res 72: 1505-1513.
Nejamkin P, Cavilla V, Clausse M, Landivar F, Lorenzutti AM, Martínez S, Del Sole MJ, Martín-Flores M (2020) Sedative and physiologic effects of tiletamine-zolazepam following buccal administration in cats. J Feline Med Surg 22: 108-113.
Pablo LS, Bailey JE (1999) Etomidate and Telazol. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 29: 779-792.
Pattanapon N, Bootcha R, Petchdee S (2018) The effects of anesthetic drug choice on heart rate variability in dogs. J Adv Vet Anim Res 5: 485-489.
Pelissier T, Infante C, Constandil L, Espinosa J, de Lapeyra C, Hernández A (2008) Antinociceptive effect and interaction of uncompetitive and competitive NMDA receptor antagonists upon capsaicin and paw pressure testing in normal and monoarthritic rats. Pain 134: 113-127.
Popik P, Hołuj M, Kos T, Nowak G, Librowski T, Sałat K (2017) Comparison of the Psychopharmacological effects of tiletamine and keta-mine in rodents. Neurotox Res 32: 544-554.
Price TJ, Dussor G (2013) AMPK: An emerging target for modification of injury-induced pain plasticity. Neurosci Lett 557 Pt A: 9-18.
Ramsay EC, Wetzel RW (1998) Comparison of five regimens for oral administration of medication to induce sedation in dogs prior to eutha-nasia. J Am Vet Med Assoc 213: 240-242.
Saha DC, Saha AC, Malik G, Astiz ME, Rackow EC (2007) Comparison of cardiovascular effects of tiletamine- -zolazepam, pentobarbital, and ketamine-xylazine in male rats. J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci 46: 74-80.
Savvas I, Plevraki K, Raptopoulos D, Koutinas AF (2005) Blood gas and acid-base status during tiletamine/zolazepam anaesthesia in dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 32: 94-100.
Shi XX, Yin BS, Yang P, Chen H, Li X, Su LX, Fan HG, Wang HB (2016) Xylazine Activates Adenosine Monophosphate-Activated Pro-tein Kinase Pathway in the Central Nervous System of Rats. PLoS One 11: e0153169.
Short CE (1987) Principles and practice of veterinary anesthesia. 1st ed., Williams and Wilkins.
Short CE (1989) Talking about Telazol, Roundtable. Vet Med 84: 1-8.
Su LX, Shi XX, Yang P, Chen H, Li X, Fan HG, Wang HB (2017) Effects of tiletamine on the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in the rat central nervous system. Res Vet Sci 114: 101-108.
Thurmon JC, Nelson DR, Christie GJ (1972) Ketamine anesthesia in swine. J Am Vet Med Assoc160: 1325-1330.
Thurmon JC, Tranquilli WJ, Benson GJ, Lumb WV (1996) Lumb & Jones’ veterinary anesthesia, 3rd ed., Williams & Wilkins.
Tracy C, Short C, Clark B (1988) Comparing the effects of intravenous and intramuscular administration of Telazol. Vet Med 83: 104-111.
Won HS, Lee JY, Jeong SM, Lee SJ, Park CS, Kim MC (2010) Antagonistic effects of flumazenil on tiletamine-zolazepam induced anesthesia in dogs. J Vet Clin 27: 336-342.
Wong A, Bandiera SM (1996) Inductive effect of Telazol® on hepatic expression of cytochrome P450 2B in rats. Biochem Pharmacol 52: 735-742.
Yanmaz LE, Dogan E, Okur S, Okumus Z, Ersoz U (2016) Comparison of the effects of intranasal and intramuscular administrations of zolazepam-tiletamine combination on intraocular pressure in cats. Vet Ophthalmol 19 (Suppl 1): 115-118.