Humanities and Social Sciences

Polish Psychological Bulletin

Content

Polish Psychological Bulletin | vol. 55

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Abstract

Mixed emotions remain a fascinating, yet still understudied phenomenon. All of the previous research has focused solely on ambivalence, studying only the mix of positivity and negativity in emotions (the dimensions of valence). We sum up the already existing knowledge about the dimensional approach to ambivalence and its consequences. Based directly on this knowledge, we introduce a new theoretical model describing ambiguity in four additional dimensions (apart from valence), grouped into two bivariate spaces: origin (dimensions of automaticity and reflectiveness) and activation (arousal and subjective significance). Both of these spaces have never been studied before in the context of ambiguity and mixed feelings. Future implications of the new model are discussed, including any potential impact on the methodology of research and the possible advantages in understanding and describing emotional experiences.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adrianna Wielgopolan
1
Kamil K. Imbir
1

  1. University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

Extensive social media usage causes psychological dependence and impacts people’s self-evaluations. It is vital to seek possible buffers to social media addiction’s detrimental effect on self-esteem and body image. Poland has one of the highest scores on problematic social media usage. Past studies pointed to narcissism and self-compassion as possible mediators of such effects. The present study aimed to explore Polish individuals’ (N=527) social media usage habits. We hypothesised gender differences and social media addiction predictive effect on self-evaluations (self- esteem, body image), with narcissism and self-compassion as mediators of such relationships. The results revealed that only visual media (Facebook, Instagram, TikTok) had a negative effect on self-evaluations and that women reported more social media addiction and decreased self-esteem, self-compassion and body image. Social media addiction was negatively predicting body image for both genders and self-esteem for women but not for men, with self-compassion and narcissism mediating such relationships.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Mosanya
1
Patarycja Uram
Dagna Kocur
2

  1. Middlesex University Dubai, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  2. Department of Psychology, Silesian University, Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

In this study we examine the relationship between the perception of being objectified in the workplace and the self-assessment of worth on a personal level, i.e. social desirability and social utility. This relationship is thought to be mediated by self-objectification in the workplace. 241 participants responded to an online questionnaire to measure these different variables. The results confirm a negative relationship between the perception of being objectified and the people’s worth, as well as mediation through self-objectification. This phenomenon could describe a deleterious spiral where the worker, through the internalization of a low social value, contributes to their dehu-manization at work.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pierre De Oliveira
1
Auzoult Auzoult
2

  1. Université de Bourgogne, France
  2. Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, France
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Abstract

This study examined the effect of the pique technique preceded by a disrupting process. Passersby in the street were asked for money, either for a common amount of change (control) or 37 cents (pique technique). In half of the cases, the requester added a disrupting sentence at the beginning of the request. Results showed that the pique technique alone and the disrupting technique alone increased compliance with the request. Adding a first disrupting sentence to the pique also increased compliance compared with the other three conditions. These results support the theoretical explanation that the initial disrupting sentence associated with the pique could reduce the influence of the refusal script activated by the money request
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacob Céline
1
Nicolas Guéguen
1
Pascual Alexandre
2
Lamy Lubomir
3

  1. Université de Bretagne-Sud, Vannes, France
  2. Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
  3. Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Abstract

The aim of our study was to verify relationships between individual difficulties in emotion regulation (ER), ER strategies (cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression), and compassion (to self and others) with the presence of depressive symptomatology in a sample of Slovak adolescents during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. In the sample of 140 Slovak adolescents (age between 17–19 years) was administrated The Beck Depression Inventory- II. (Beck et al., 1996), The Overall Depression Severity and Impairment Scale (Bentley et al., 2014), The Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Gross & John, 2003), The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), The Sussex-Oxford Compassion for the Self Scale and The Sussex-Oxford Compassion for Others Scale (Gu et al., 2019). Results revealed that difficulties in ER (all subscales) and expressive suppression were in positive relationships with depression symptoms. Cognitive reappraisal and self-compassion were in negative relationships with depression symptoms. Lack of ER strategies and cognitive reappraisal (inversely) were the strongest predictors of depressive symptoms. These findings suggest that ER strategies (mainly cognitive reappraisal) could be assumed as protective factors in adolescent depression symptoms development in stressful circumstances of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Authors and Affiliations

Ľubor Pilárik
1
Petr Mikoška
2
Jakub Helvich
2
Alica Melišíková
3

  1. Matej Bel University in Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic
  2. University of Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
  3. Reeducation Center, Vráble, Slovak Republic
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Abstract

Three experiments investigated the mechanisms, correlates, and methods of immunization against interrogative suggestibility (IS). IS involves reliance in memory reports on suggestions contained in misleading questions (Yield) and the tendency to change answers under negative feedback about the quality of previous testimony (Shift). All three studies found that the milder version of the tool used in the studies (GSS) resulted in lower Yield and Shift. In analyses considering the memory states of the participants, IS was found to be highest when participants mistakenly attributed the information contained in the suggestive questions to the original material. However, significant percentages of the participants succumbed to suggestions and changed answers even when they were aware of the discrepancy between the original material and the information contained in the questions. The warning against suggestions was found to lower Yield and Shift, and this was especially true when participants were aware of discrepancies between original material and suggestions. Enhancing self-esteem and inducing mindfulness did not reduce IS. The correlations between IS, including IS in individual mindfulness states, with the Big Five personality traits, anxiety, susceptibility to influence, and self-esteem were inconsistent.
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Authors and Affiliations

Romuald Polczyk
1
Marta Kuczek
1 3
Iwona Dudek
1 2
Renata Maksymiuk
Malwina Szpitalak
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
  2. Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland
  3. Psychoterapia, Edukacja, Badania – Renata Maksymiuk
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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the importance of self-esteem for sociosexual orientation and to compare groups of dating online users in terms of engaging in casual sex, performed in one night stand (ONS) and friends with benefit (FWB). This issue seems particularly important in the context of psychosexual health. The exploratory study was conducted online among 416 adults who have participated in online dating. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the revised Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI-R), the author’s questionnaire, concerning having experiences in ONS and FWB, and motives for entering into expected types of relationships were used. The Kruskal-Wallis H test with post hoc pairwise comparisons. A statistically significant negative correlation between self-esteem and sociosexual orientation concerned the sociosexual attitude subscale. Differences were found between those engaging in ONS and FWB types of relationships. Those who engaged only in FWB had lower SOI-R scores than those who had only ONS experiences and both. Such results suggest that these relationships should be considered to be disparate and different functions should be attributed to them. Given the differences, it will be possible to use these results to support the design of public health interventions and reduce online sexual risk behavior.
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Authors and Affiliations

Kamila Kacprzak-Wachniew
1
Natalia Pilarska
2

  1. Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
  2. Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland

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