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ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences

Opis

The „Academia” magazine was founded on the initiative of Professor Andrzej B. Legocki, a President of the Polish Academy of Sciences in 2003 – 2006. In the beginning it was published only in English as a reply to the growing demand for a current information on the Polish Academy of Sciences` activities, expressed by foreign scientists and Poles living abroad and interested in Polish science.

Since 2005 the magazine is published both in Polish and English.

The „Academia” is an exceptional - on the Polish market - scientific magazine for the general public, propagating achievements of Polish scientists here and abroad. Authors of articles in „Academia” explain their subject in a way that is accessible not only for all sorts of academics but also for students, pupils and all other readers interested in scientific topics for the general public.

ISSN
1731-7401
Wydawcy
Polish Academy of Sciences

Editorial Staff

Jolanta Iwańczuk (Editor-in-Chief, Earth Sciences)

Daniel Sax (Editor, English-Language Version)

Marcin Pietras (Biological & Agricultural Sciences)

Justyna Orłowska (Journalist)

Andrzej Figatowski (Graphic Designer)

Anna Bielec (Project Coordinator)


Scientific Council

Marek Konarzewski, President of the Polish Academy of Sciences (Chairman)

Dariusz Jemielniak (Deputy Chairman)

Andrzej Buko

Katarzyna Czarnecka

Patrycja Dołowy

Paweł Golik

Janusz Jurczak

Tomasz Kapitaniak

Marek Krawczyk

Krzysztof Nowak

Anna Zawadzka

Publisher:


Polish Academy of Sciences

Communication and Science Information Department

Defilad sq. 1,

00-901 Warsaw, Poland

e-mail: academia@pan.pl



The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0)
ttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.



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Zawartość

ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion

1 Contents
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion
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2 From the Editors
Jerzy Duszyński , Antoni Rogalski , Roman Słowiński , Henryk Szymczak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jerzy Duszyński
Antoni Rogalski
ORCID: ORCID
Roman Słowiński
Henryk Szymczak
3 On the Brink of Disaster
Jan Kozłowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 4-7 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138402
Słowa kluczowe: transforming the energy sector climate catastrophe greenhouse gas emissions zero-emission energy energy storage
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Abstrakt

Transforming the energy sector is necessary but not sufficient to prevent a climate catastrophe.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jan Kozłowski
1
  1. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
4 Whither the Energy Transition?
Jan Kiciński
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 8-11 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138403
Słowa kluczowe: energy transition renewable energy sources fossil fuels green hydrogen
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Abstrakt

Humanity is being forced to alter how we use energy sources, to move away from fossil fuels and focus instead on renewable, especially solar energy. This transformation may prove to be the long sought-after “holy grail” of energy.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jan Kiciński
1
  1. PAS Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery in Gdańsk, Poland
5 End of the (Miners’) World?
Łukasz Trembaczowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 12-16 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138404
Słowa kluczowe: just transition Silesia mining community
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Abstrakt

The social consequences of coal mine closures in Silesia.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Trembaczowski
1
  1. Institute of Sociology, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
6 A Change in Economic Thinking
Ewa Bińczyk
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 17-19 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138405
Słowa kluczowe: ecological economics climate catastrophe energy transition
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Abstrakt

On ecological economics and its diagnosis of environmental and social challenges and threats.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ewa Bińczyk
7 Opportunities for Coal Mining Regions
Adam Drobniak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 20-23 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138406
Słowa kluczowe: just transition energy transition technological progress climate neutrality
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Abstrakt

The concept of a socially “just transition” should not only guide the redevelopment of coal mining regions, opening up the way to technological progress. It is also a chance for the rest of Poland to improve the quality of life and attain carbon neutrality.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Adam Drobniak
1
  1. Faculty of Strategic and Regional Studies at the University of Economics in Katowice, Poland
8 The Earth’s Climate System as a Resource
Mirosław Miętus
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 24-27 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138407
Słowa kluczowe: sunlight greenhouse effect climate change global warming
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Abstrakt

The climate as we know it is a natural resource that is becoming depleted due to the rising demand for energy. The most emission-intensive sectors are those providing for our comfort and welfare. We discuss these issues with Prof. Mirosław Miętus from the Institute of Meteorology and Water Management.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mirosław Miętus
1
  1. Instituteof Meteorology and Water Management– National Research Institute (IMiGW-PIB), Warsaw, Poland
9 Energy Mix: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow
Jan Kozłowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 28-33
Słowa kluczowe: energy mix energy transformation electric power energy storage stability of the power grid
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Abstrakt

A country’s “energy mix” typically evokes varying opinions among different groups within society. It also changes over time, at a pace that most energy consumers fail to appreciate. It is shifting even in Poland – certainly not a leader in the energy transition.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jan Kozłowski
1
  1. Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
10 Energy Storage – Crucial for Balance
Krzysztof Rafał , Paweł Grabowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 34-41 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138409
Słowa kluczowe: electricity storage batteries energy storage
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Abstrakt

Energy storage, as a flexible resource that comprehensively supports network operation, will grow increasingly indispensable as the share of renewables increases.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Rafał
Paweł Grabowski
11 Hope for a Better Tomorrow
Anna Sowiżdżał
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 42-45 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138410
Słowa kluczowe: geothermal energy renewable energy sources The EnerGizerS Project
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Abstrakt

Geothermal energy is renewable and clean. Moreover, new geothermal technology offers the added environmental benefit of geological storage of CO2.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Sowiżdżał
1
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Poland
12 Building Bridges to the Future
Anna-Katharina Hornidge
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 46-49
Słowa kluczowe: climate crisis climate change circular economy
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Abstrakt

Prof. Anna-Katharina Hornidge of the German Development Institute (DIE) draws on a systems-theory perspective to show how politicians, voters, companies and countries can be addressed to take climate change and environmental challenges of the future seriously.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna-Katharina Hornidge
13 Energy Transition Is Necessary and Possible
Bolesław Zaporowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 50-55 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138412
Słowa kluczowe: energy transition climate neutrality renewable energy sources energy market energy mix nuclear energy energetic safety
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Abstrakt

Is climate neutrality an attainable goal for Poland? What does the term mean, and what challenges does it pose to human civilization? These and other questions are addressed by Prof. Bolesław Zaporowski of the Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznań University of Technology.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bolesław Zaporowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Institute of Electric Power Engineering, Poznań University of Technology, Poznan, Poalnd
14 Wind Farming in the Baltic
Paweł Flaszyński , Karol Mitraszewski , Joanna Markowska Cerić
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion
Słowa kluczowe: wind energy wind farms Baltic wind turbines
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Abstrakt

On power generation and the future of Polish offshore wind farms.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Flaszyński
1
Karol Mitraszewski
2
Joanna Markowska Cerić
2
  1. PAS Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdańsk, Poland
  2. PGE Baltica sp. z o.o., Warsaw, Poland
15 Woody Biomass for Energy Production
Rafał Chudy , Kacper Szulecki , Jacek Siry , Robert Grala
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 62-65 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138414
Słowa kluczowe: woody biomass bioenergy decarbonization energetic safety climate safety
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Abstrakt

Is the burning of woody biomass climate friendly?
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Rafał Chudy
1
Kacper Szulecki
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Siry
3
Robert Grala
  1. FOROS/FBA/Forest Monitor, Norway
  2. Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Center for Energy Research, Norwegian Institute of International Affairs
  3. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Georgia, United States
16 Natural Gas
Janusz Lewandowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 66-71 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138415
Słowa kluczowe: natural gas coal hydrogen European Green Deal renewable energy sources gas turbine
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Abstrakt

A transition fuel on the path from coal to hydrogen.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Janusz Lewandowski
1
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
17 Harnessing Hydrogen
Tadeusz Chmielniak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 72-78
Słowa kluczowe: hydrogen climate policy natural gas dioxide emissions
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Abstrakt

Is hydrogen the answer, and if so, which technologies? Here we present an overview of “everything you need to know” about this promising new global energy source.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tadeusz Chmielniak
1
  1. Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice, Poland
18 Nuclear Power: Myths vs. Realities
Ludwik Pieńkowski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 79-83 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138417
Słowa kluczowe: nuclear power nuclear reactor nuclear fuel
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Abstrakt

Nuclear power was one of the factors underpinning the post-war success of the Euro-Atlantic region. The world is now in great need of a similar step forward
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ludwik Pieńkowski
1
  1. Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków, Poland
19 Renewable Energy Sources as Part of a Green Deal
Władysław Mielczarski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 84-87 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138418
Słowa kluczowe: renewable energy sources prosumer programs New Green Deal
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Abstrakt

Renewable energy aims at reducing greenhouse emissions, supplying the growing demand for electricity, and diminishing consumption of fossil fuels – these are the basic elements of the New Green Deal, heading towards carbon neutrality. However, renewables have negative impacts on the electricity network’s operation, leading to reduced power system stability.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Władysław Mielczarski
1
  1. Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Łódź University of Technology, Poland
20 Nuclear Energy as a Crucial Element
Andrzej Strupczewski
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 88-97 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138419
Słowa kluczowe: nuclear energy greenhouse effect atmospheric pollution power plants energy transformation
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Abstrakt

In view of the need to transform the Polish energy sector from a coal-based to a low-emissions industry, can wind and solar power alone provide enough of an alternative?
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Andrzej Strupczewski
1
  1. National Centre for Nuclear Research in Świerk, Poland
21 What Powere the Dinosaurs?
Maria Barbacka , Grzegorz Pacyna , Jadwiga Ziaja , Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 98-102
Słowa kluczowe: dinosaurs Jurassic period coprolites paleontology
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Abstrakt

Where did early dinosaurs get their energy from? Studying fossilized feces reveals certain secrets of herbivore evolution during the Jurassic period.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Maria Barbacka
1 2
Grzegorz Pacyna
3
Jadwiga Ziaja
1
Grzegorz Niedźwiedzki
4
  1. PAS Władysław Szafer Institute of Botany in Kraków, Poland
  2. Botanical Department at the Hungarian Natural History Museum in Budapest, Hungary
  3. Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Poland
  4. Evolutionary Biology Centre in Uppsala, Sweden
22 Seeds Sounding the Energy Alarm
Joanna Kijowska-Oberc , Ewelina Ratajczak , Hanna Fuchs , Aleksandra Maria Staszak
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 103-107 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138421
Słowa kluczowe: mitochondrion aging of the seeds dendrology
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Abstrakt

What do biological powerhouses look like? How do they work? Why does generating a single “dose of energy” demand a highly complicated process? Why do seeds age? Answers to all these questions are to be found in one of the most complex cellular organelles: the mitochondrion.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Joanna Kijowska-Oberc
1
Ewelina Ratajczak
1
Hanna Fuchs
1
Aleksandra Maria Staszak
2
  1. Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences in Kórnik, Poland
  2. Department of Biology and Plant Ecology, University of Bialystok, Poland
23 Symbolic Power of the Windmill
Anna Cirocka
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 108-111 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138422
Słowa kluczowe: windmill Dutch art Jacob van Ruisdael Windmill of Wijk bin Duurstede
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Abstrakt

Digging deeper into the history and symbolism of Dutch art.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Cirocka
1
  1. Institute of Art History, University of Gdańsk, Poland
24 Opinion of the Committee on Electrical Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences on the implementation of nuclear power in Poland, adopted by resolution on 25 November 2020 at the plenary meeting of the PAS Committee on Electrical Engineering
Committee on Electrical Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 112-122
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Committee on Electrical Engineering of the Polish Academy of Sciences
25 Ενέργεια: From the Potential to the Actual
Katarzyna Kasia
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 124-125 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138423
Słowa kluczowe: energy philosophy
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Katarzyna Kasia
26 Promoting the Development of Wind Energy
ACADEMIA. The magazine of the Polish Academy of Sciences | 2021 | No 1 (69) Energy Transtion | 126-129 | DOI: 10.24425/academiaPAS.2021.138424
Słowa kluczowe: Polish Wind Energy Association PWEA
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Abstrakt

The Polish Wind Energy Association (PWEA) is Poland’s largest organization promoting alternative energy sources, mainly onshore and offshore wind power. It is actively involved in consultations on strategic documents and acts of legislation related to the market of renewable energy sources, alternative fuels, and the energy transition. By working together with decision-makers at the EU, national, and local government levels, it aligns various interests to promote Poland’s sustainable development. It organizes events bringing together representatives of the sector and decision-makers, including the annual PWEA Conference – the largest such event in Central and Eastern Europe ( http://konferencjapsew.pl/en/) devoted to prospects for the development of onshore and offshore wind energy in Poland. The Association initiated the establishment of the RE-Source Poland Hub Foundation ( http://resourcepoland.pl/en/), which shows businesses how they can become part of the trend towards the green transition and sustainable development. It promotes pro-environmental attitudes and knowledge of the environmental, economic, and social benefits of wind energy in the media, on social media (such as https://www.facebook.com/psew.pwea and https://twitter.com/PSEW_PWEA), and during the “Summer with the Wind” family summer picnics (Lato z wiatrem) held at the Baltic Sea.
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