Applied sciences

Archives of Electrical Engineering

Content

Archives of Electrical Engineering | Early access

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Abstract

With the widespread adoption of doubly-fed induction generators (DFIGs) in power grids, the enhancement of their low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) capability has become critically important for grid stability, especially under conditions of severe voltage sags. This study proposes a coordinated control strategy that integrates an improved RC-Crowbar circuit with a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) to enhance DFIG LVRT capability. Unlike conventional crowbars that absorb large reactive power during faults, the improved RC-Crowbar leverages capacitor-based reactive power support to reduce DFIG reactive power demand and accelerate fault current decay. Meanwhile, the HESS provides dynamic voltage support and reactive power compensation, which results in improved DC-link voltage stability and a more optimised power response from the stator and rotor. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated under diverse grid fault conditions using a DFIG wind turbine model constructed in the MATLAB/Simulink environment to verify its effectiveness. From the simulation results as shown, it means that the RC-Crowbar can reduce the DC-link voltage fluctuations, restrain the rotor overcurrent, and also helps to speed up the recovery. And combined with the HESS, combined with the coordinated protection scheme can also improve and coordinate voltage stability and reduce power oscillation and other improvements, which will further improve the overall DFIG system LVRT performance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Taiguo Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wanyin Gong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Caixia Tao
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, No.88, Anning West Road, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract

The study of synchronous machine behavior under transient conditions caused by a three-phase short-circuit fault is primarily based on two approaches: experimental analysis and simulation. Experimentally, the sudden three-phase short-circuit test applied to the machine yields a low-parameter empirical ‘short-circuit function’ that models it in a simple manner using the equivalent ‘constant voltage behind reactance’ circuit. On the other hand, fault analysis is performed through simulation using Electromagnetic Transient Programs, which are based on numerical discretization methods. However, in both cases, there is a lack of formal analytical descriptions of a generator’s transient behavior. In contrast, this paper introduces a closed-form solution using Laplace, as an alternative method for computing three-phase short-circuit faults. This deterministic approach provides an analytical description of the machine represented by different model structures, facilitates the study of transient interactions among its windings, and enables the analysis of current components (synchronous, dc, and double frequency). Additionally, the closed-form solution is compared with a numerical integration method in terms of computational efficiency, processing time, and accuracy. This demonstrates the existence of a closed-form solution for the generator in the transient state and highlights its advantages for modeling and computation compared with current methods.
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Authors and Affiliations

Germán Guevara
1
ORCID: ORCID
Danilo Rairán
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Technological Faculty, Francisco José de Caldas District University, 13th Street # 31–75, 111611537 Bogotá, Colombia
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Abstract

Composite insulator mandrels in high-voltage transmission systems are subjected to coupled electro-thermal-mechanical stresses, making them susceptible to internal fracture damage that threatens grid safety. Traditional detection techniques exhibit significant limitations in early fracture identification, deep defect localization, and quantitative damage assessment. This paper proposes a terahertz identification method for composite insulator mandrel fractures based on terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), systematically elucidating the electromagnetic response mechanisms and multi-dimensional feature extraction strategies for fracture defects. Transmission-mode non-destructive testing was performed on glass fiber reinforced epoxy resin (GFRP) mandrel specimens in the 0.1–2.5 THz frequency range using a CCT-1800 THz-TDS system. The research reveals: 1) The dielectric discontinuity interface induced by mandrel fractures alters terahertz wave propagation paths, generating distinctive frequency-domain energy spectrum characteristics in the 0.1–0.75 THz band, with significant transmitted energy attenuation in fractured regions; 2) Through multi-frequency comparative analysis, 0.458 THz was determined as the optimal characteristic frequency for fracture boundary identification, demonstrating superior imaging contrast and spatial resolution compared to 0.568 THz; 3) Time-domain pulse wave-form analysis indicates that multiple reflection effects at fracture interfaces enhance negative peak amplitudes and peak delays, with peak-to-peak imaging enabling precise fracture localization. The established two-dimensional integrated diagnostic system of "frequency-domain energy spectrum differential qualitative identification and time-domain waveform characteristic quantitative assessment" provides a novel technical approach for condition monitoring and preventive maintenance of composite insulators in power systems, offering significant engineering application value for ensuring safe and reliable operation of high-voltage transmission lines.
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Authors and Affiliations

Pin Jiang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yanyan Bao
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yushuo Wu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Pei Wang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Ruixuan Liu
2
ORCID: ORCID
Xingyuan Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xin Zhi
3
ORCID: ORCID
Shuai Bing Li
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Ultra-High Voltage Company, China
  2. State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company Electric Power Science Research Institute, China
  3. School of Automation and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China
  4. Shool of New Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, China
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Abstract

This paper proposes the use of wavelet coherence to conduct a study on the im-pact of renewable energy sources' generation on voltage losses in lines. The case study of the low-voltage distribution grid equipped with seven photovoltaic panels and one wind turbine was examined to demonstrate the functionality of the proposed methodology. Based on the simulation studies, the concept of how time-varying generation from the wind turbine or photovoltaic panels can affect the voltage losses in the selected power lines over one month was discussed. The analysis results were visualized using wavelet coherence delay plots. In contrast to other related studies, this research also includes additional plots like scale-averaged coherence, scale-averaged phase shift, time-averaged phase shift, and time-averaged coherence. The conducted studies extend and enrich the current view on the im-pact of renewable energy sources' generation on the power grid. The use of wavelet coher-ence can also help highlight additional information that may be ignored or overlooked, es-pecially in fast-paced systems. This kind of research may be useful for supplementing the results of load flow calculations with additional information on the voltage losses for dis-tribution grid operators. It can be considered a general tool for conducting a more in-depth analysis of the influence of renewable energy sources on the power grid.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Kapler
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Institute of Electrical Power Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology 75 Koszykowa St., 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

To suppress cogging force and thrust ripple, a novel composite magnetic slot wedge composed of hard and soft magnetic materials is proposed. A finite element model of a fractional-slot permanent magnet linear synchronous motor is established. First, the effects of non-magnetic, hard magnetic, and soft magnetic slot wedges on electromagnetic characteristics—specifically cogging force and thrust ripple—are compared and analyzed. Subsequently, the composite magnetic slot wedge structure is optimized to determine the ideal material proportion. Finally, the performance of the proposed composite magnetic slot wedge is compared with existing composite slot wedges made of magnetic and non-mag-netic materials. The results indicate that the proposed composite magnetic slot wedge pro-vides superior comprehensive optimization of motor performance.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yongli Lei
1
Cong Gao
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yushuai Ren
2
Guang Zhang
3
Yuxi Huang
2
Shu Li
4
Zhuli Liu
2
Siyuan Jiang
2
Xiaozhuo Xu
2

  1. Zhongshan Inspection Branch for Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and ResearchZhongshan, Guangdong, China
  2. School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Henan Polytechnic University 2001 Shiji Road, Shanyang District, Jiaozuo City, Henan Province, P.R. China
  3. The China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd.
  4. Zhongshan Inspection Branch for Guangdong Institute of Special Equipment Inspection and Research Zhongshan, Guangdong, China
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Abstract

With the rapid development of driverless systems technologies, the differences in electromagnetic exposure levels amongst passengers of different ages have become a research hotspot in this field. This study focuses on the electromagnetic exposure of adults and children inside an electric vehicle caused by positioning antennas of driverless systems. Based on the COMSOL Multiphysics software, an electromagnetic numerical calculation model is established, including a vehicle body model, an antenna model, and separate models for an adult and child. Considering the differences in body size and dielectric properties between adults and children, the finite element method is used to calculate exposure levels under the electromagnetic environment generated by the positioning antenna. The results reveal that the electromagnetic exposure level in a child’s body is higher than that in an adult due to the former’s smaller body size and higher dielectric parameters. This study facilitates the evaluation of the electromagnetic environment of positioning antennas in electric vehicle driverless systems, provides a basis for improving electromagnetic radiation safety standards inside electric vehicles, and promotes the rapid development of electric driverless technologies while ensuring public health and safety.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xuwei Dong
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yufei Ren
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mai Lu
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education Lanzhou Jiaotong University Gansu Province, China
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Abstract

With the deepening of the construction of the new power system, the penetration rate of new energy in the power system continues to increase significantly. However, the traditional assessment of the ability of new energy (wind, solar, and storage) to participate in the primary frequency response (PFR) of the system exhibits limitations due to the diffi-culty in fully considering their differentiated characteristics. Therefore, this study develops a comprehensive evaluation index system for the PFR performance of wind-solar-storage new energy systems based on the entropy weight method. This system fully incorporates the characteristics of wind power generation, photovoltaic power generation, and energy storage systems in terms of frequency response and operational constraints, establishing overall PFR capability evaluation indicators of the system, as well as specialized and re-fined evaluation indicators for each technology. Simulation results demonstrated the meth-odology's effectiveness, demonstrating its capability to accurately assess frequency regula-tion capacities while considering the distinct operational characteristics of wind, solar, and storage technologies. These findings provide theoretical guidance for optimizing frequency regulation resource allocation and operational strategies in renewable-dominated power systems.
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Authors and Affiliations

Congshan LI
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jiahao Gao
1
Ping He
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yuqi Ji
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hang Wei
1

  1. College of Electrical and Information Engineering Zhengzhou University of Light Industry 450002 Zhengzhou China

Instructions for authors

ARCHIVES OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING (AEE) (previously Archiwum Elektrotechniki), quarterly journal of the Polish Academy of Sciences is OpenAccess, publishing original scientific articles and short communiques from all branches of Electrical Power Engineering exclusively in English. The main fields of interest are related to the theory & engineering of the components of an electrical power system: switching devices, arresters, reactors, conductors, etc. together with basic questions of their insulation, ampacity, switching capability etc.; electrical machines and transformers; modelling & calculation of circuits; electrical & magnetic fields problems; electromagnetic compatibility; control problems; power electronics; electrical power engineering; nondestructive testing & nondestructive evaluation.

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All manuscripts should be submitted electronically on Editorial System.

Submission of paper to the Archives of Electrical Engineering is understood to imply that the article is original, unpublished and is not being considered for publication elsewhere. All articles will be reviewed. Since 2013, Authors wishing to use the facility of colour printing should consult the editors.

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Each paper submitted for publication in Archives of Electrical Engineering is subjected to the following review procedure:

a) the paper is reviewed by the editor in chief or guest editor for general suitability for publication in AEE

b) if it is judged suitable two reviewers are selected and a double blind peer review process takes place

c) based on the recommendations of the reviewers, the editor then decides whether the paper should be accepted in its present form, revised or rejected

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The papers are published on average within 3 months after acceptance.

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Tables are numbered with Arabic numerals. Use 9 point Times New Roman for the title of the table and 9 point Times New Roman for the filling of the table (9 in the case of symbols with subscripts).

AEE journal allows an author to publish color figures in e-version at no charge, and automatically convert them to grayscale for print versions. Authors wishing to use the facility of color printing should consult the editors.

Conclusions:

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References:

References in text must be numbered consecutively by Arabic numerals placed in square brackets. Please make sure that you use full names of journals i.e. Archives of Electrical Engineering. Please ensure that all references in the Reference list are cited in the text and vice versa.

Please provide name(s) and initials of author(s), the title of the manuscript, editors (if any), the title of the journal or book, a volume number, the page range, and finally the year of publication in brackets.

You can use the rules presented on the site: IEEE standard.

Examples of the ways in which references should be cited are given below:

Journal manuscript

[1] Author1 A., Author2 A., Title of paper, Title of periodical, vol. x, no. x, pp. xxx-xxx (YEAR).

example

[1] Steentjes S., von Pfingsten G., Hombitzer M., Hameyer K., Iron-loss model with consideration of minor loops applied to FE-simulations of electrical machines, IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. vol. 49, no. 7, pp. 3945-3948 (2013).

[2] Idziak P., Computer Investigation of Diagnostic Signals in Dynamic Torque of Damaged Induction Motor, Electrical Review (in Polish), to be published.

[3] Cardwell W., Finite element analysis of transient electromagnetic-thermal phenomena in a squirrel cage motor, submitted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics.

Conference manuscript

[4] Author A., Title of conference paper, Unabbreviated Name of Conf., City of Conf., Country of Conf., pp. xxx-xxx (YEAR).

example

[4] Popescu M., Staton D.A., Thermal aspects in power traction motors with permanent magnets, Proceedings of XXIII Symposium Electromagnetic Phenomena in Nonlinear Circuits, Pilsen, Czech Republic, pp. 35-36 (2016).

Book, book chapter and manual

[5] Author1 A., Author2 A.B., Title of book, Name of the publisher (YEAR).

example

[5] Zienkiewicz O., Taylor R.L., Finite Element method, McGraw-Hill Book Company (2000).

Patent

[6] Author1 A., Author2 A., Title of patent, European Patent, EP xxx xxx (YEAR).

example

[6] Piech Z., Szelag W., Elevator brake with magneto-rheological fluid, European Patent, EP 2 197 774 B1 (2011).

Thesis

[7] Author A., Title of thesis, PhD Thesis, Department, University, City of Univ. (YEAR).

example

[7] Driesen J., Coupled electromagnetic-thermal problems in electrical energy transducers, PhD Thesis, Faculty of Applied Science, K.U. Leuven, Leuven (2000).

For on electronic forms

[8] Author A., Title of article, in Title of Conference, record as it appears on the copyright page], © [applicable copyright holder of the Conference Record] (copyright year), doi: [DOI number].

example

[8] Kubo M., Yamamoto Y., Kondo T., Rajashekara K., Zhu B., Zero-sequence current suppression for open-end winding induction motor drive with resonant controller,in IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), © APEC (2016), doi: 10.1109/APEC.2016.7468259

Website

[9] http://www.aee.put.poznan.pl, accessed April 2010.

Proofs:

Authors will receive proofs for correction, which should be returned promptly. All joint contributions must indicate the name and address of the authors to whom proofs should be sent.

Fees for printing the papers in Archives of Electrical Engineering:

AEE is published in Open Access, which means that all articles are available on the internet to all users immediately upon publication free of charge for the readers. Authors will be asked to a declaration that they are ready to cover the costs of printing their article.

The publication cost in the AEE journal is estimated at 2 000 PLN, (approx. €500 Euro) up to 20 pages of the journal format and mandatory over-length charges of 120PLN (approx. 40EUR) per page. The publication cost does not include bank transfer costs.

Abstracting & Indexing:

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