Applied sciences

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

Content

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials | 2002 | No 1

Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Ni Al, an interrnetallic compound with the B2 ordered structure. exhibits potential as a viable high temperature structural material. However. before this material (and other interrnerallics) can be of practical use a number of technical problems must be overcome. including lack of ductility al the room temperature. In an attempt lO address the brittleness of NiAI. and based on a premise that grain refinement may lead lo significant ductility improvements mechanical alloying and nanocrysialline synthesis were used to produce fine-grained NiAI. The mechanically alloyed NiAI with an average grain size of about 0.5 μm, unlike its coarse grained. cast counterpart, exhibits a notable room temperature compressive ductility due to two contributing microstructural factors: i) the development of the< 110> texture during hol extrusion leading to the activation of additional slip systems. and ii) the predominance of low angle grain boundaries. In the nanocrystalline form, NiAI with an average grain size in the range from 2 lo I O nm, exhibits measurable room temperature ductility in biaxial disc bend tests. unlike its coarse-grained counterpart. This observation can be explained assuming that diffusional, rather than dislocation, mechanisms control plastic deformation of the nanocrysralline NiAI. The emphasis of the present paper is on rationalizing the improved room temperature ductility in mechanically alloyed and nanocrystalline NiAI. The most significant conclusion of the present discussion - contrary lo widespread beliefs - is that the grain size plays only an indirect role in controlling ductility.
Go to article

Bibliography

R. Darolia, Journal of Metals, 43, 44 ( 1991 ).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Anna Dollar
Stanisław Dymek
Marek Dollar
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The superplastic deformation process is interesting not only from the scientific point of view but also because of benefits it offers when applied in industry. The generation of superplastic structures in aluminium alloys of the 7XXX type depends on the formation of precipitates in suitable amount, size and dispersion which may be obtained by thermomechanical treatment. The A7475 alloy was continuously cast, extruded and thermomechanically treated. The investigations on creating precipitates and microstructure of the AIZnCuMgCr alloy were performed using optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and X-ray phase analysis. The morphology of the alloy after a full thermomechanical treatment showed fine, equiaxial average grain about 12 urn in size. The strain rate sensitivity coefficient m determined from tensile tests was estimated between 0.56-0.70. About 495 pct elongation was obtained in a tension test at the flow stress of 3 MPa, strain rate 8 x I O 3s I and temperature 790 K. It demonstrates that material of good superplastic properties was elaborated.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] M.FAshby,RA Vera li, ActaMetall.21, 149(1973).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Król
Marta Tałach-Domańska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The objective of the paper is an evaluation of optimization technique based on genetic algorithm, concerning an applicability of the method to the inverse analysis. The general principles of the inverse analysis are discussed in the paper and short description of the direct model based on the finite element solution is given. Genetic algorithm is presented next and an implementation of the method into the inverse analysis is shown. Practical application of the algorithm is investigated for copper rings compressed on the Gleeble 3800 simulator. Load-displacement data and shape of the ring after compression were used as input to the inverse analysis. Three optimization methods are compared in this analysis: genetic algorithm, Hooke-Jeeves and simplex. The parameters of the analysis were selected taking into account a similar number of callings of the finite element solver for all methods. Comparison of the results has shown that genetic algorithm is an efficient optimization technique for the inverse method applications. It confirmed good accuracy and convergence as well as avoiding of local minima during the optimization process.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] A. Gavrus, E. Massoni, J.L. Che n ot, Constitutive Parameter Identification using a Computer Aided Rheology, Proc. NUMIFORM'95, eds, S.F. Shen, P.R. Dawson, Publ. A. Balkema, Ithaca. 563-568 ( 1995)
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jolanta Talarek
Danuta Szeliga
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

A current review of the most widely used production methods for fine cobalt powders, which find application as a binder in the manufacture of cemented carbides and diamond impregnated cutting tools, is provided. Emphasis has been placed on the powder's chemical, physical and technological characteristics specific to each production route. Nowadays, the majority of cobalt powder grades are made by chemical methods, such as thermal decomposition of cobalt oxalate, reduction of oxides, and hydrometallurgical processing of aqueous solutions, although an atomised material, used mainly in the thermal spray and surface coating field, is also applied in the diamond tool industry. The bulk of the industrially important cobalt powder passes through the 37μm (400 mesh) standard sieve. Therefore it has become customary to classify the commercial powders into ultrafine (or sub-micron), extrafine and mesh grades, which are characterised by an average particle size of 0.5-lμm, 1-3.Sμm and 3.5-6μm respectively, as determined by the Fisher method.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Determination of average particle size of metal powders using the Fisher Subsieve Sizer, MPIF Standard 32, 1995
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Konstanty
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

In order to perform the computer simulation of the effect of heating technology on heat consumption, a program for the numerical computations of charge heating and heat exchange in the furnace chamber was developed within this study. The calculations of heat exchange in the furnace chamber were made using a zonal method. The internal space of the furnace was divided into 20 computational zones, in which isothermal surfaces and isothermal gas bodies were separated. The problem of radiation heat flow was solved using two versions of the brightness and configuration ratios method. In heat exchange calculations, heat transfer by means of convection was taken into account. The results of the computer simulation of the effect of heating intensity on heat exchange indicate clearly that the most energy-saving process is heating with "nearly" linear variation of charge surface temperature. The computation results show also that for each case of heating there is a specific charge surface temperature increase rate during the heating period. which assures the minimum heat consumption.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Z. Kolenda, Transport ciepła i masy w procesach metalurgicznych. Cz.I. Przewodzenie ciepła. Problemy liniowe. AGH Kraków (1982).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Marcin Kieloch
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Strontium belongs to chemically very active metals. It occurs usually in nature as the sulphate, mostly in celestite form. Strontium sulphate can be processed to strontium or strontium salts of practical importance by different methods. One of them consists in converting strontium sulphate SrSO4 to strontium sulphide SrS that can in form be used for synthesizing of strontium carbonate or nitrate. However, a direct transformation of SrSO, into SrC03 during strontium sulphate reduction by (CO+ CO2) mixture is also suggested in literature. The work is aimed to confirm the possibility of this direct transformation. The experiments were carried out within temperature range 1073-1373 Kand for varying CO/CO2 ratio. The obtained results allow to determine the temperature range and the gas compositions in which SrSO4 is reduced to SrS. However, no direct transformation of strontium sulphate to strontium carbonate was observed under experimental conditions.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] Z. Panck, K. Fitzner. Therrnochimica Acta 113, 359-368 ( 1987)
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Maksymilian Sukiennik
Czesław Malinowski
Stanisław Małecki
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

The reduction of iron oxides from liquid slags is the fundamental stage of many newly developed, future-oriented technologies of obtaining liquid iron (pig iron), which are referred to as reduction iron smelting processes, whose main distinguishing feature is the use of non-coking coals. The reduction processes in those technologies are heterogeneous processes in which the following phases take part: a solid phase (carbon reducer), a liquid phase (molten iron oxides in the salg), and a gaseous phase (carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide). This is the reason for the complexity of the reduction process mechanism, which makes the kinetic description of these reaction difficult. In the present study, a methodology of examining the reduction was adopted using the so called graphite rotating disk. The investigations carried out within the present study were aimed to determine the kinetic area for the reduction of iron oxides in the temperature range of I 350-l 420°C in the CaO-Fe0-SiO2 slags and with an FeO content from 20 to 60% by weight, with the use of a graphite reducer, as well as to evaluate the kinetic parameters of the process. The applied methodology of the rotating disk tests has enabled a conclusion to be drawn of the suitability of this method for identifying the kinetic area of reduction in most of the reduction variants used. It has been found that for slags with a basicity from 0.3 1 to 1.53 and in the viscosity range from 4.23 to 0.31 dPa·s the reduction rate is determined by the diffusion of FeO to the slag-reducer interface. Parameters of the kinetic diffusion area have been calculated, such as: FeO diffusion coefficient, the limiting diffusion layer thickness and mass transfer coefficient. The analysis of the calculated values of FeO diffusion coefficients made based on the available literature data indicates that these should be regarded as specific for the diffusion coefficients of oxygen ions in the liquid slag. The determined mass transfer coefficients have enabled the reduction rate to be calculated for particular variants of reduction. A good agreement with the experimental results has been obtained at low disc rotations.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] R. J. Fruehan. K. Ito. B. Ozturk. Steel Research 3-4. 129 (1989).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Jan Mróz
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

Currently. arsenic is removed from blister copper by soda and calcium hydroxide injection into liquid metal. In consequence sodium and calcium arsenates are formed. These arsenaies could be converted to analogues of minerals, which naturally contain high concentration of arsenic and are known to be durable over geological time and slightly soluble in water. The project attempted to show that sodium arsenate contained in slag could be convened into svabite Ca;(AsO4)3F which is being considered for safe disposal of arsenic. The thermal stability of the synthesised svabite under low oxygen pressure was also determined.
Go to article

Bibliography

[1] T.J. While. I. A. Toor. Stabilizing Toxic Metal Concentrates by Using SMITE, JOM, March 1996. 54-58.
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Marian Kucharski
Wieslaw Mróz
Janusz Kowalczyk
Barbara Szafirska
Monika Gluzińska
Download PDF Download RIS Download Bibtex

Abstract

This paper presents a brief review of methods of leaching copper ores and concentrates with acidic and alkaline reagents, and addresses the nature of the reactions occurring during dissolution of polydispersed material. Based on known studies, a method is proposed to calculate the reaction-rate constants and apparent activation energy for dissolution of lead from copper concentrates. Lead was leached with I O and 40 percent ammonium acetate solutions at temperatures ranging from 293K to 323K. Based on the experimental results, the apparent activation energy was calculated for dissolution of lead from copper concentrate.
Go to article

Bibliography

[I] J. Wójtowicz. W. Wasilewski, K. Żmudziński, E. Bonarek, Ługowanie siarczków miedzi z półproduktów w środowisku amoniakalnym. Fizykochemiczne Problemy Przeróbki Kopalin 5. 71-82 (1971).
Go to article

Authors and Affiliations

Stanisława Sanak-Rydlewska

Instructions for authors

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is a quarterly journal of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAS, which has published continuously since 1954, scientific papers in English in the following fields: metallurgy and materials science, foundry, mechanical working of metals, thermal engineering in metallurgy, thermodynamic and physical properties of materials, phase equilibria in the broad context and diffusion.

In addition to the regular, original scientific papers and conference proceedings, invited reviews presenting the up-to-date knowledge and monothematic issues devoted to preferred areas of research will be published. Submission of a paper implies that it has not been published previously, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that if accepted it will not be published elsewhere in the same form.

When preparing the manuscript, please pay attention to the following rules:

1. Manuscript submission

1.1. Electronic submission: All submissions must be made electronically via Editorial System https://www.editorialsystem.com/editor/amm/articles/list/?qt=NEW

1.2. Manuscript should not exceed 12 pages of full-size paper (A4), must be double spaced (please use 12 point font), with generous margins, and the pages must be numbered. Authors should submit an electronic file of their manuscript in Microsoft Word format (minimum: version 2000).

1.3. All manuscripts must be written in good English. Both British and U.S. English are acceptable but Authors should be consistent in their usage. It is sole responsibility of the Authors to make sure that the manuscript is grammatically correct and spell checked. Authors are strongly encouraged to have the manuscript proofread by a native speaker of English or a language professional, before it is submitted to the editorial office. Papers written in poor English will be automatically rejected without being subjected to review.

1.4. Authors should submit an electronic copy of final version of their paper in Microsoft Word format, schemes (sketches) and figures saved as .eps, .jpeg, or .tiff.

1.5. Articles submitted for publication should include abstract and maximum 5 key words.

1.6. Please adhere to the following order of presentation:

Author(s) with first names in full.

Affiliation(s): in a short form (Institution, City, Country). Use the superscripts (*, **, . . .) after the Authors’ names in case of different affiliations.

Title: All words in lower case (first letter of first word capitalized).

Abstract: maximum 10 lines, including primary objective, research design, methods and procedures, main outcomes and results, conclusions. Do not use abbreviations in the abstract.

Keywords: 5 maximum.

Main text: Begin on the second page with Introduction, followed by Experimental (Materials and Methods) and/or Theory section, Results, Discussion, and end with Conclusion section and Acknowledgement. When appropriate the Authors may choose to combine Results section and Discussion section into one Results and discussion section. Make sure the text in sections is divided logically into paragraphs. Use the decimal system for sections, subsections and (at the most) subsubsections, as exemplified in the headings of these instructions. All abbreviations should be spelled out the first time they are introduced in text or references. Thereafter the abbreviation can be used.

Appendices

References

Correspondence address: title, name, postal address, telephone and e-mail address of the corresponding Author.

Figure captions

Tables

2. Manuscript preparation

2.1. Formulae, equations and units

Formulae and equations should be typed on separate lines and numbered consecutively in parentheses on the right side (1) . . . (n). Vectors must be indicated as such. Size of symbols should be kept uniform for all equations in the manuscript. Formulae and equations should be referred to in the text as follows: Eq. (1). Numbers and units must be separated by a space, e.g. 5.5 wt.%, 273.15 K, 1013 MPa, etc. The only exception are angle degrees, e.g. 90°.

2.2. Figures

Figures are usually printed in reduced size and this should be taken into account when preparing them. This applies also to the photographs. For the best results, make sure that lettering on illustrations is at least 2 mm high after reduction. Figure captions should be typed on a separate page at the end of manuscript. The same refers to tables and all sorts of lists. The appropriate place of tables and figures in the text should be indicated by < Tab 1 > or written in separate line. Figures should be referred to in text as follows: Fig. 1. Each figure should have its own caption explaining the content without reference to the text. Line drawings will normally be printed in column width of 85 mm. After this reduction all figures should have the same final letter size of at least 2 mm. The style of labeling of the coordinates must be uniform for all drawings. The magnification must be indicated by a labeled scale marker on the micrograph itself, not drawn below it. For optimum printing quality micrographs should be saved as .eps or .tiff at a resolution of at least 300 dpi while line drawings at a resolution of at least 600 dpi.

2.3. Tables

Tables together with captions should be typed on separate page at the end of manuscript. Tables are to be numbered consecutively using Arabic numbers in the text (TABLE 1 . . . n). The captions should explain the symbols used in the heading and in the left hand column. Tables should be referred to in the text as follows: TABLE 1.

2.4. References

A new type of literature provision has been in force since 2020 – modified vancouver style.
Please follow the instructions below.

References should be typed on separate pages and numbered consecutively applying the system accepted by the Quarterly (initials and names all authors, title of the article (obligatory), journal title [abbreviated according to the Journal Title Abbreviations of Web of Science: http://library.caltech.edu/reference/abbreviations/ everyone abbreviation should be end with a dot – example. Arch. Metall. Mater.] or book title; journal volume or book publisher; page spread; publication year in bracket, full DOI number).

Please note the correct layout punctation (commas and periods), and spaces. Please note the arrangement of dots, commas and spaces.

First, we write the initial of the name, dot, space, surname, volume must be written BOLD, at the name   of the authors, do not write a word “and” write only a comma. We give the year of publication at the end of the sentence in brackets and DOI number (full notation and linked).

The use of DOI numbers (full notation and linked) is mandatory for each paper and should be formatted as shown in the examples below:

3. Samples

Journals:

[1] L.B. Magalas, Development of High-Resolution Mechanical Spectroscopy, HRMS: Status and Perspectives. HRMS Coupled with a Laser Dilatometer. Arch. Metall. Mater. 60 (3), 2069-2076 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/AMM-2015-0350

[2] E. Pagounis, M.J. Szczerba, R. Chulist, M. Laufenberg, Large Magnetic Field-Induced Work output in a NiMgGa Seven-Lavered Modulated Martensite. Appl. Phys. Lett. 107, 152407 (2015). DOI: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4933303

[3] H. Etschmaier, H. Torwesten, H. Eder, P. Hadley, Suppression of Interdiffusion in Copper/Tin thin Films. J. Mater. Eng. Perform. (2012).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-011-0090-2.

Books:

[4] K.U. Kainer (Ed.), Metal Matrix Composites, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim (2006).

[5] K. Szacilowski, Infochemistry: Information Processing at the Nanoscale, Wiley (2012).

[6] L. Reimer, H. Kohl, Transmission Electron Microscopy: Physics of Image Formation, Springer, New York (2008).

Proceedings or chapter in books with editor(s):

[7] R. Major, P. Lacki, R. Kustosz, J. M. Lackner, Modelling of nanoindentation to simulate thin layer behavior, in: K. J. Kurzydłowski, B. Major, P. Zięba (Eds.), Foundation of Materials Design 2006, Research Signpost (2006).

Internet resource:

[8] https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/crystallographic-databases, accessed: 17.04.2017

Academic thesis (PhD, MSc):

[9] T. Mitra, PhD thesis, Modeling of Burden Distribution in the Blast Furnace, Abo Akademia University, Turku/Abo, Finland (2016).

 

3. Fee

We would like to inform the Authors that from July 1, 2024, the fee is increased and will amount to 300 EUR plus 23%VAT (1250 PLN net for authors with Polish affiliation).

4. Review and proofread process

4.1. Peer review process

All submitted manuscripts are subject to review by recognized experts appointed by the Editor-in-Chief and members of the Editorial Board. Authors are requested to provide in the editorial system the names and contact details (affiliations and valid e-mail addresses) of two experts who could act as reviewers. Only one of these names may be from the same country as the affiliation of the corresponding author. The decision to appoint a reviewer is solely at the editor's discretion. When the article requires corrections, the authors are required to respond in writing to the comments of the Editor and Reviewers and to make corrections to the manuscript. The decision to reject the article is made by the Editorial Board, and the final decision is made by the Editor, who may appoint another reviewer if necessary. The reviewers remain anonymous to the authors and their identity cannot be disclosed by the Editor.

 4.2. Submission of a revised manuscript

When a manuscript revision is requested, Authors should return a revised version of their manuscript to the editorial office as soon as possible. Acting quickly can ensure rapid publication if the article is finally accepted for publication in Arch Metall Mater. If this is the first revision of the article, Authors are requested to return the revised manuscript within 14 days. If this is the second revision, Authors are requested to return the revised manuscript within 7 days.

 4.3. Final revision

 Authors will receive a pdf file via the editorial system in the PROOF tab of the proof of the article in a version that is suitable for publication. This is the last opportunity to review the article before its publication on the journal's website, Czytelnia PAN platform and WoS. No changes or modifications can be made after publication. Therefore, authors are requested to thoroughly review the manuscript and prepare a separate document containing all changes that should be introduced.

5. Original version

Starting with issue 1 / 2000, volume 45, the Archive of Metallurgy and Materials is published in electronic form on the platform Reading Room PAS  as the original version (reference). The platform  Reading Room PAS sends files to WoS within 6 weeks of publication of the full content of a given issue. The printed version is printed by the Warsaw Scientific Printing House of the PAN.

6. Prevent cases of plagiarism

Readers should be sure that the authors present the results of their work transparently, fair and honest, regardless of whether they are the direct authors, or used the help of a specialized entity (natural or legal person). To prevent cases of plagiarism,  the Editorial Office will require that the Authors disclosed the contribution of individual Authors in the creation of manuscript (with their affiliations and contributions, i.e. the information who is responsible for: research concept and design, collection and/or assembly of data, data analysis and interpretation, writing the manuscript) in the document "Ghostwriting statement paper".Funding sources (together with grant number) must also be revealed. The corresponding Author will bear the main responsibility for the manuscript. Detected cases will be exposed, including notifying the appropriate entities (institutions employing the Authors, scientific societies, associations of editors of scientific journals, etc.).

7. License type

Articles are printed in an open access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/deed.enThis license allows others to distribute, remix, modify and build upon the author's work, even commercially, as long as the author of the original work is attributed to him.

Submission of an article to the journal is unequivocal to expressing consent to the publication in both paper and electronic form.

 

 

 

Additional info

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials is covered by the following services:


Arianta, Baidu Scholar, BazTech, Celdes, Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) - CAplus, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Current Contents/Engineering, Computing, and Technology, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Materials Science Citation Index, Clarivate Analytics (formerly Thomson Reuters) - Science Citation Index Expanded, CNKI Scholar (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), CNPIEC, DOAJ (Directory of Open Access Journals), EBSCO (relevant databases), EBSCO Discovery Service, Elsevier - SCOPUS, Genamics JournalSeek, Google Scholar, Index Copernicus, J-Gate, JournalTOCs, KESLI-NDSL (Korean National Discovery for Science Leaders), Microsoft Academic, Naviga (Softweco), Primo Central (ExLibris), ProQuest (relevant databases), ReadCube, ResearchGate, SCImago (SJR), Sherpa/RoMEO, Summon (Serials Solutions/ProQuest), TDNet, TEMA Technik und Management, Ulrich's Periodicals Directory/ulrichsweb, WanFang Data, WorldCat (OCLC)

This page uses 'cookies'. Learn more