Nauki Techniczne

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences

Opis

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is published bimonthly by the Division IV Engineering Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences, since the beginning of the existence of the PAS in 1952. The journal is peer‐reviewed and is published both in printed and electronic form. It is established for the publication of original high quality papers from multidisciplinary Engineering sciences with the following topics preferred:

Artificial and Computational Intelligence,
Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology,
Civil Engineering,
Control, Informatics and Robotics,

Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics,
Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics,
Material Science and Nanotechnology,
Power Systems and Power Electronics.

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Journal Metrics:

JCR Impact Factor 2023:	1.2
5 Year Impact Factor 2022:	1.1
CiteScore 2023:	2.8
SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2023:	0.282
Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2023:	0.573
Ministry of Education and Science:	100 points

Abbreviated title: Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci.

ISSN

ISSN 2300-1917

Editorial Board 2023-2025

Editor-in-Chief:

A. Rogalski, Military University of Technology

Honorary (Past) Editor-in Chief:

T. Kaczorek, Warsaw University of Technology

M.P. Kaźmierkowski, Warsaw University of Technology

Deputy Editor-in-Chief:

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

M. Mrozowski, Gdansk University of Technology

Board of Topical Co-editors:

Artificial and Computational Intelligence

S. Osowski, B. Sawicki and T. Leś, Warsaw University of Technology

Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology

D. Pijanowska, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

Civil Engineering

L. Czarnecki, Building Research Institute, ITB, Warsaw

Ł. Sadowski, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology

Control, Robotics and Informatics

J. Klamka and A. Babiarz, Silesian Technical University

J. Stefanowski, Poznan University of Technology

Electronics, Telecommunication and Optoelectronics

M. Mrozowski and A. Lamęcki, Gdansk University of Technology

Mechanical and Aeronautical Engineering, Thermodynamics

B. Błachowski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

G. Zboiński, Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery PAN and University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Materials Science and Nanotechnology

B. Major and P. Czaja, Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Science PAN

Power Systems and Power Electronics

J. Rąbkowski and M. Jasiński, Warsaw University of Technology

International Editorial Advisory Board

R. Asthana, University of Wisconsin-Stout, Menomonie, USA

Xu Binshi, China Association of Plant Engineering, Beijing, P.R. China

F. Blaabjerg, Aalborg University, Denmark

C. Cecati, University of L’Aquila, Italy

A. Cichocki, RIKEN Institute, Tokyo, Japan

M. David, National Polytechnique de Toulouse, France

R. Ebner, Materials Centre Leoben, Leoben, Austria

E. Fornasini, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

L.G. Franquelo, University of Sevilla, Spain

M. Gad-el-Hak, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA

M. Giersig, Free University of Berlin, Germany

D. van Gemert, Catholic University Leuven, KU Leuven, Belgium

L. Keviczky, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary

V. Kučera, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic

R. Kennel, Technical University Munich, Germany

T.A. Kowalewski, Institute of Fundamental Technological Research PAN

E. Levi, Liverpool John Moore University, UK

G. Maier, Technical University of Milan, Milan, Italy

K.F. Man, City University of Hong Kong,

R. Maniewski, Institute of Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering PAN

H.A. Mang, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria

H. Mihashi, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan

S. Mindess, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

D.A. Mlynski, University of Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, Germany

A.S. Nowak, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

K. Ohnishi, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan

A. Öberg, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

W. Pedrycz, University of Alberta, Canada

M. Razeghi, Northwestern University, Evanston, USA

J. Rodriguez, University of Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile

J.V. Sloten, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

B.M. Wilamowski, University of Auburn, Alabama, USA

A.L. Yarin, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA

Du Xiangwan, Chinese Academy of Engineering, China

J. Żurada, Department of Computer Engineering, University of Louisville, USA

Editorial Office:

Pałac Kultury i Nauki

Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych PAN

Pl. Defilad 1

PL 00-901 Warszawa

Managing Editor:

Renata Podraza, e-mail: Renata.Podraza@pan.pl

Finance:

Katarzyna Łasak, e-mail: Katarzyna.Lasak@pan.pl

The Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the licencse CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1

1 Contents

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1

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2 Lightweight structures in civil engineering – contemporary problems

Jacek Szafran , Alphose Zingoni , Maria Pia Repetto , Marcin Kamiński

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144589 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144589

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jacek Szafran

e-mail:

ORCID:

Alphose Zingoni

Maria Pia Repetto

Marcin Kamiński

Lodz University of Technology, Al. Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
University of Cape Town, Department of Civil Engineering, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa
University of Genoa, Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Via Montallegro 1, 16145 Genoa, Italy

3 Damage localization in truss girders by an application of the discrete wavelet transform

Anna Knitter-Piątkowska , Olga Kawa , Michał Jan Guminiak

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144581 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144581

Słowa kluczowe: truss structures damage localization finite element method discrete wavelet transform

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Abstrakt

The paper demonstrates the potential of wavelet transform in a discrete form for structural damage localization. The efficiency of the method is tested through a series of numerical examples, where the real flat truss girder is simulated by a parameterized finite element model. The welded joints are introduced into the girder and classic code loads are applied. The static vertical deflections and rotation angles of steel truss structure are taken into consideration, structural response signals are computed at discrete points uniformly distributed along the upper or lower chord. Signal decomposition is performed according to the Mallat pyramid algorithm. The performed analyses proved that the application of DWT to decompose structural response signals is very effective in determining the location of the defect. Evident disturbances of the transformed signals, including high peaks, are expected as an indicator of the defect existence in the structure. The authors succeeded for the first time in the detection of breaking the weld in the truss node as well as proved that the defect can be located in the diagonals.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Knitter-Piątkowska

e-mail:

ORCID:

Olga Kawa

Michał Jan Guminiak

Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Structural Analysis, Poland

4 Influence of rotary flexibility of joints on the statics and dynamics of the arch structures

Magdalena Łasecka-Plura , Zdzisław Pawlak , Martyna Żak-Sawiak

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144580 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144580

Słowa kluczowe: rotational elasticity of joints arched structures curved beam element modal analysis

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Abstrakt

The paper presents arch structures modeled by finite elements in which the nodes can be flexibly connected. Two-node curved elements with three degrees of freedom at each node were used. Exact shape functions were adopted to obtain stiffness and consistent mass matrices but they were modified by introducing rotational flexibility in the boundary nodes. Calculations of statics and dynamics of arches with different positions of flexible joints and different values of rotational stiffness of the joints were carried out.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Magdalena Łasecka-Plura

e-mail:

ORCID:

Zdzisław Pawlak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Martyna Żak-Sawiak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Structural Analysis, ul. Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

5 The influence of a polyurea coating on bent reinforced concrete beams with various reinforcement ratios

Jacek Szafran , Artur Matusiak , Katarzyna Rzeszut , Iwona Jankowiak

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144579 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144579

Słowa kluczowe: reinforced concrete beams polyurea cracks durability of reinforced concrete elements

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Abstrakt

“Polyurea coatings as a possible structural reinforcement system” is a research project aimed at exploring possible applications of polyurea coatings for improving structural performance (including steel, concrete, wooden and other structures used in the construction industry). As part of the project, this paper focuses on evaluating the performance of bent reinforced concrete (RC) beams covered with a polyurea coating system. Easy polyurea application and its numerous advantages can prove very useful when existing RC structural elements are repaired or retrofitted. Laboratory tests of three types of RC beams with three different longitudinal reinforcement ratios were performed for the purposes of this paper. The tests were designed to determine the bending strength, performance and cracking patterns of the coated RC beams. In addition, a theoretical model was developed to predict the impact of the polyurea coating on the bending strength of the RC beams. On this basis, the effect of the coating on the bending strength and the performance of the coated beams at the ultimate limit state (ULS) was examined and analyzed. The results showed that the use of the polyurea coating has a positive impact on the cracking state of the RC beams subject to bending and little effect on their bending strength.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jacek Szafran

e-mail:

ORCID:

Artur Matusiak

Katarzyna Rzeszut

e-mail:

ORCID:

Iwona Jankowiak

Department of Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Aleja Politechniki 6, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
Institute of Building Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Institute of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

6 Experimental and numerical analyses of airflow around two cylinders angled to the direction of wind

Agnieszka Padewska-Jurczak , Piotr Szczepaniak , Ryszard Walentyński

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144578 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144578

Słowa kluczowe: wind actions CFD FVM ANSYS Fluent wind tunnel test water slides

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Abstrakt

The analyses aim to determine aerodynamic force coefficients in the case of airflow around two smooth or rough cylinders positioned at different angles to the direction of wind velocity. Such systems, for instance, may be part of a tubular water slide. The results were compared with the values of the interference coefficient of the cylinders arranged in a row included in Eurocode EN 1991 part 4. The aerodynamic forces of the cylinder systems were determined on the basis of experimental tests conducted in a wind tunnel. To verify the above results, CFD (computational fluid dynamics) simulations were prepared. An important observation is that for the angle of yaw β = 0◦, the negative component of the lift force (lateral) fy is shown, while for the other cases, the situation is opposite and the lateral force points outside the gap (upward). The second is that the results of aerodynamic drag for rough cylinders arranged in a row and calculated according to EN 1991 part 4 may be underestimated. The flow around the pair of smooth cylinders is quite different from that of the rough ones, because during the experiment the first falls into the critical flow regime, while the second has supercritical characteristics.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Agnieszka Padewska-Jurczak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Szczepaniak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ryszard Walentyński

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Department of Mechanics and Bridges, ul. Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

7 Analysis of scaffolding harmonic excitation

Jarosław Bęc , Ewa Błazik-Borowa , Jacek Szer

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144577 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144577

Słowa kluczowe: scaffolding harmonic excitation dynamic analysis direct integration

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Abstrakt

Scaffolding is equipment usually used at construction sites. A scaffolding structure is lightweight and made of elements used many times. The characteristics of scaffolding make it susceptible to dynamic actions present at the structure or occurring nearby. A scaffolding structure of medium size was subjected to analysis in this paper. The structure FEM model was loaded with single force harmonic excitation with various frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 12 Hz applied in one of many selected points on the scaffolding façade. In the first step, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the analyzed structure were calculated. Then the full dynamic analysis was carried out to obtain maximum displacements of selected control points. The relation of excitation force frequency and location to the amplitudes of generated displacement was observed. It was found that low excitation frequencies close to the natural frequencies of the structure produced vibrations ranging to large areas of the scaffolding surface. Higher excitation frequencies are usually less propagated at the scaffolding but still may produce some discomfort to the structure users in the vicinity of the excitation force location. Scaffolding is equipment usually used at construction sites. A scaffolding structure is lightweight and made of elements used many times. The characteristics of scaffolding make it susceptible to dynamic actions present at the structure or occurring nearby. A scaffolding structure of medium size was subjected to analysis in this paper. The structure FEM model was loaded with single force harmonic excitation with various frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 12 Hz applied in one of many selected points on the scaffolding façade. In the first step, natural frequencies and mode shapes of the analyzed structure were calculated. Then the full dynamic analysis was carried out to obtain maximum displacements of selected control points. The relation of excitation force frequency and location to the amplitudes of generated displacement was observed. It was found that low excitation frequencies close to the natural frequencies of the structure produced vibrations ranging to large areas of the scaffolding surface. Higher excitation frequencies are usually less propagated at the scaffolding but still may produce some discomfort to the structure users in the vicinity of the excitation force location.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jarosław Bęc

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ewa Błazik-Borowa

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jacek Szer

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Poland
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, Poland

8 Probabilistic estimation of diverse soil condition impact on vertical axis tank deformation

Kamil Żyliński , Jarosław Górski

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144576 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144576

Słowa kluczowe: storage tanks foundation settlement subsoil parameters Point Estimated Method

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Abstrakt

The calculations of fuel tanks should take into account the geometric imperfections of the structure as well as the variability of the material parameters of the foundation. The deformation of the tank shell can have a significant impact on the limit state of the structure and its operating conditions. The paper presents a probabilistic analysis of a vertical-axis, floating-roof cylindrical shell of a tank with a capacity of 50000 m3 placed on stratified soil with heterogeneous material parameters. The impact of a random subsoil description was estimated using the Point Estimated Method (PEM). In this way, the number of analyzed FEM models was significantly reduced. This approach also makes it possible to assess the sensitivity of tank settlement and deformation to the changing foundation conditions.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kamil Żyliński

1 2

Jarosław Górski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
ERSYS, Poland

9 Qualitative and quantitative analysis of tensegrity domes

Paulina Obara , Maryna Solovei , Justyna Tomasik

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144574 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144574

Słowa kluczowe: tensegrity dome self-stress state infinitesimal mechanism geometrical non-linear analysis

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Abstrakt

The paper concerns steel domes with regard to the special structures named tensegrity. Tensegrities are characterized by the occurrence of self-stress states. Some of them are also characterized by the presence of infinitesimal mechanisms. The aim of this paper is to prove that only tensegrity domes with mechanisms are sensitive to the change of the level of initial prestress. Two tensegrity domes are considered. In addition, a standard single-layer dome is taken into account for comparison. The analysis is carried out in two stages. Firstly, the presence of the characteristic tensegrity features is examined (qualitative analysis). Next, the behavior under static external loads is studied (quantitative analysis). In particular, the influence of the initial prestress level on displacements, effort, and stiffness of the structure is analyzed. To evaluate this behavior, a geometrically non-linear model is used. The model is implemented in an original program written in the Mathematica environment. The analysis demonstrates that for a dome with mechanisms, the adjustment of pre-stressing forces influences the static properties. It has been found that the stiffness depends not only on the geometry and properties of the material but also on the initial prestress level and external load. In the case of the non-existence of mechanisms, structures are insensitive to the initial prestress level.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paulina Obara

e-mail:

ORCID:

Maryna Solovei

e-mail:

ORCID:

Justyna Tomasik

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Kielce University of Technology, Poland

10 Environmental analysis of a product manufactured with the use of an additive technology – AI-based vs. traditional approaches

Ewa Dostatni , Anna Dudkowiak , Izabela Rojek , Dariusz Mikołajewski

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144478 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144478

Słowa kluczowe: additive manufacturing eco-design life cycle assessment (LCA) artificial intelligence neural networks model

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Abstrakt

This paper attempts to conduct a comparative life cycle environmental analysis of alternative versions of a product that was manufactured with the use of additive technologies. The aim of the paper was to compare the environmental assessment of an additive-manufactured product using two approaches: a traditional one, based on the use of SimaPro software, and the authors’ own concept of a newly developed artificial intelligence (AI) based approach. The structure of the product was identical and the research experiments consisted in changing the materials used in additive manufacturing (from polylactic acid (PLA) to acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)). The effects of these changes on the environmental factors were observed and a direct comparison of the effects in the different factors was made. SimaPro software with implemented databases was used for the analysis. Missing information on the environmental impact of additive manufacturing of PLA and ABS parts was taken from the literature for the purpose of the study. The novelty of the work lies in the results of a developing concurrent approach based on AI. The results showed that the artificial intelligence approach can be an effective way to analyze life cycle assessment (LCA) even in such complex cases as a 3D printed medical exoskeleton. This approach, which is becoming increasingly useful as the complexity of manufactured products increases, will be developed in future studies.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Ewa Dostatni

e-mail:

ORCID:

Anna Dudkowiak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Izabela Rojek

e-mail:

ORCID:

Dariusz Mikołajewski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Institute of Material Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Institute of Computer Science, Kazimierz Wielki University, Chodkiewicza 30, 85-064 Bydgoszcz, Poland

11 A few-shot fine-grained image recognition method

Jianwei Wang , Deyun Chen

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144584 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144584

Słowa kluczowe: few-shot learning attention metric CNN (convolutional neural network) feature expression

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Jianwei Wang

1 2

e-mail:

ORCID:

Deyun Chen

College of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150080, China
College of Computer Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin 150050, China

12 A novel hybrid cuckoo search algorithm for optimization of a line-start PM synchronous motor

Łukasz Knypiński

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144586 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144586

Słowa kluczowe: hybrid cuckoo search algorithm heuristic algorithms multi-objective optimization permanent magnet synchronous motor

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Abstrakt

The paper presents a novel hybrid cuckoo search (CS) algorithm for the optimization of the line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor (LSPMSM). The hybrid optimization algorithm developed is a merger of the heuristic algorithm with the deterministic Hooke–Jeeves method. The hybrid optimization procedure developed was tested on analytical benchmark functions and the results were compared with the classical cuckoo search algorithm, genetic algorithm, particle swarm algorithm and bat algorithm. The optimization script containing a hybrid algorithm was developed in Delphi Tiburón. The results presented show that the modified method is characterized by better accuracy. The optimization procedure developed is related to a mathematical model of the LSPMSM. The multi-objective compromise function was applied as an optimality criterion. Selected results were presented and discussed.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Knypiński

e-mail:

ORCID:

Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Piotrowo 3a, 60-965 Poznan, Poland

13 Continuous update of business process trees using Continuous Inductive Miner

Tomasz P. Pawlak , Bartosz Górka

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e143551 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.143551

Słowa kluczowe: business process process mining business intelligence event log concept drift

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Abstrakt

Business processes are omnipresent in nowadays economy: companies operate repetitively to achieve their goals, e.g., deliver goods, complete orders. The business process model is the key to understanding, managing, controlling, and verifying the operations of a company. Modeling of business processes may be a legal requirement in some market segments, e.g., financial in the European Union, and a prerequisite for certification, e.g., of the ISO-9001 standard. However, business processes naturally evolve, and continuous model adaptation is essential for rapid spot and reaction to changes in the process. The main contribution of this work is the Continuous Inductive Miner (CIM) algorithm that discovers and continuously adapts the process tree, an established representation of the process model, using the batches of event logs of the business process. CIM joins the exclusive guarantees of its two batch predecessors, the Inductive Miner (IM) and the Inductive Miner – directlyfollows-based (IMd): perfectly fit and sound models, and single-pass event log processing, respectively. CIM offers much shorter computation times in the update scenario than IM and IMd. CIM employs statistical information to work around the need to remember event logs as IM does while ensuring the perfect fit, contrary to IMd.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Tomasz P. Pawlak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bartosz Górka

Institute of Computing Science, Poznan University of Technology, Poland

14 Assessment of benefits resulting from the use of computer control systems in precision agriculture

Mariusz Rząsa

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144582 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144582

Słowa kluczowe: precision agriculture field mapping vegetation indicator geological indicator precision GPS

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mariusz Rząsa

e-mail:

ORCID:

Opole University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering Automatic Control and Informatics, ul. Prószkowska 76, 45-758 Opole, Poland

15 Conceptualization of Industry 4.0 technology for the production of tailor-made furniture – a case study

Krzysztof Łukaszewicz , Wiesław Urban , Elżbieta Krawczyk-Dembicka

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144587 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144587

Słowa kluczowe: product development Industry 4.0 customized manufacturing furniture conceptual study

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Abstrakt

Production is becoming more customer-focused as it departs from delivering standardized mass products to market segments, and the emerging Industry 4.0 technologies render this much easier than before. These technologies enable two-way information exchange with customers throughout all the steps of product development, particularly in terms of tailor-made products. This study aims at presenting proposals of implementing Industry 4.0 technologies into the process of tailored products, where the product is customized for the customer from the start and where adjustments are also made at the manufacturing stage. The study also aims to build a concept of intensification of customer contact and to improve the process flow by applying Industry 4.0 technologies. The study’s subject is tailor-made furniture production, with individually designed products that are manufactured and installed at a customer’s facilities. The company in the study operates on a small scale. The study employs a case study methodology that shows how the process can be improved in terms of real-time effective customer contact and process flow. The huge potential of 3D visualization as well as augmented and virtual reality technologies are also demonstrated. The study concludes with several directions for further development of existing technology solutions.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Łukaszewicz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wiesław Urban

e-mail:

ORCID:

Elżbieta Krawczyk-Dembicka

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Engineering Management, Department of Production Management, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland

16 A new closed-form formula for calculating a weakly singular static potential integral with linear current source distribution on a triangle

Anna Grytsko , Piotr Słobodzian

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e143645 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.143645

Słowa kluczowe: static vector potential integral linear current source distribution analytic integration weakly singular integrals isoparametric transformation integration over a triangular domain

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Abstrakt

The article presents a closed-form formula for solving a weakly singular surface integral with a linear current source distribution associated with the SIE-MoM formulation used for solving electromagnetic (EM) problems. The analytical formula was obtained by transforming the surface integral over a triangular domain into a double integral, and then directly determining formulas for the inner and outer integrals. The solution obtained is marked by high computational efficiency, high accuracy, and very simple implementation. The derived formula, in contrast to the currently available formulas, consists of quantities that have a clear and simple geometric interpretation, related to the geometry of the computational domain.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anna Grytsko

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Słobodzian

e-mail:

ORCID:

Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Information and Communication Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

17 Testing and modeling of constant magnetic field cylindrical magnetoelectric sensors output characteristics

Karol Kuczynski , Piotr Bilski , Adrian Bilski , Jerzy Szymanski

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144583 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144583

Słowa kluczowe: magnetoelectric effect magnetostriction magnetometers amorphous magnetic materials piezoelectric materials

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Abstrakt

The paper presents the novel concept of the magnetoelectric sensor constructed using the amorphous glass ribbon. Its output characteristics (voltage pattern), conditions of work and experimental results are presented. The novel construction allows for minimizing the demagnetizing field in the core of the sensor and linearization of the characteristics between the magnetic field and obtained voltage. Conducted experiments were aimed at determining the sensor operation in the presence of the constant magnetic field (HDC). The main concern of the tests was to verify the linear dependency between the HDC value and the amplitude of the output voltage. Next, the computer model representing the sensor behavior in the constant magnetic field is described. The model implements the parameter identification task based on the regression algorithms. The presented work shows that the proposed device can be used to measure the weak magnetic field and the dependency between the output signal amplitudes and the constant component in the measured magnetic field is approximately linear. This enables measurements of even weak fields.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Karol Kuczynski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Piotr Bilski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Adrian Bilski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jerzy Szymanski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology, Institute of Radioelectronics and Multimedia Technology, Poland
Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Faculty of Transport, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Poland

18 Quantum magnetostriction effect resulting from the asymmetric structure of matter measured with EPR spectrometer

Marek Sikoń , Ewa Bidzinska

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144575 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144575

Słowa kluczowe: atomic arm of action non-paired electron/nucleon polar rotation Cosserat mechanics EPR

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Abstrakt

This paper explains the rotation and displacement as well as the couple and force stress in material with unpaired electrons/nucleons subjected to a magnetic field. This phenomenon is described in terms of quantum mechanics for nanoparticle and quantum statistical mechanics for loose nanomaterial. Quantitative calculations are carried out based on experimental data collected under the magnetic field of an EPR spectrometer from a set of nanocrystallites of hydrated copper sulfate.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marek Sikoń

e-mail:

ORCID:

Ewa Bidzinska

Cracow University of Technology, Kraków, Poland
Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland

19 Assessment of surface waviness of casting patterns made using 3D printing technologies

Paweł Zmarzły , Damian Gogolewski , Tomasz Kozior

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144585 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144585

Słowa kluczowe: 3D printing foundry industry casting pattern surface waviness

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Abstrakt

The application of 3D printers significantly improves the process of producing foundry patterns in comparison to traditional methods of their production. It should be noted that the quality of the surface texture of the foundry pattern is crucial because it affects the quality of the casting mold and eventually the finished casting. In most studies, the surface texture is examined by analyzing the 2D or 3D roughness parameters. This is a certain limitation because, in the case of 3D printing, the influence of technological parameters is more visible for irregularities of a longer range, such as surface waviness. In the paper, the influence of the 3D printing layer thickness on the formation of waviness of the surface of casting patterns was analyzed. Three 3D printers, differing in terms of printing technology and printing material, were tested: PJM (PolyJet Matrix), FDM (fused deposition modeling) and SLS (selective laser sintering). In addition, the surface waviness of patterns manufactured with traditional methods was analyzed. Surface waviness has been measured using the Form Talysurf PGI 1200 measuring system. Preliminary results of the research showed that the layer thickness significantly influences the values of waviness parameters of the surface in the casting patterns made with FDM, PJM and SLS additive technologies. The research results indicated that the smallest surface waviness as defined by parameters Wa, Wq and Wt was obtained for patterns printed using the PJM technology, while the highest was noted when using the FDM technology.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Zmarzły

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ORCID:

Damian Gogolewski

Tomasz Kozior

Faculty of Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Kielce University of Technology, Poland

20 Photogrammetry-based approach for collecting and processing information about an existing building

Robertas Kontrimovicius , Michał Juszczyk , Agnieszka Leśniak , Leonas Ustinovichius , Czesław Miedziałowski

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences | 2023 | 71 | 1 | e144453 | DOI: 10.24425/bpasts.2023.144453

Słowa kluczowe: photogrammetry building information modelling building model development quantity take-off construction works information processing

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Abstrakt

Due to the organization of construction works, one of the most difficult situations is when a building is planned in a heritage or a densely built-up location. Fixing an existing situation manually takes a lot of time and effort and is usually not accurate. For example, it is not always possible to measure the exact spacing between buildings at different levels and to consider all outside elements of an existing building. Improper fixation of the existing situation causes mistakes and collisions in design and the use of inappropriate construction solutions. The development and progress in technologies such as BIM, laser scanning, and photogrammetry broaden the options for supporting the management of construction projects. It is important to have an effective fast collection and processing of useful information for management processes. The purpose of this paper is to analyze and present some aspects of photogrammetry to collect and process information about existing buildings. The methodology of the study is based on the comparison of two alternative approaches, namely photogrammetry and BIM modelling. Case studies present an analysis of the quantity take-offs for selected elements and parts of the buildings based on the two approaches. In this article, the specific use of photogrammetry shows that the error between the detailed BIM model and the photogrammetry model is only 1.02% and the accuracy is 98.98%. Moreover, physical capabilities do not always allow us to measure every desired element in reality. This is followed by a discussion on the usability of photogrammetry.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Robertas Kontrimovicius

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ORCID:

Michał Juszczyk

e-mail:

ORCID:

Agnieszka Leśniak

e-mail:

ORCID:

Leonas Ustinovichius

e-mail:

ORCID:

Czesław Miedziałowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Lithuania
Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland