Nauki Humanistyczne i Społeczne

Central and Eastern European Migration Review

Opis

Central and Eastern European Migration Review is published bianually by the Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw and the Polish Academy of Sciences as an online, open-access journal. Materials presented in the journal include original research articles and research reports. Priority is given to research addressing the CEE region perspective and comparative analyses. However, studies based on original empirical data devoted only to some country-cases also befit the scope of the journal. The language of the contributions is English. Before publication, each submitted paper is subject to a double-blind peer review by at least two independent experts. We invite sociologists, economists, demographers, political scientists, lawyers, psychologists, historians and anthropologists to submit their works.

IMPACT FACTOR 2022: 1.7

ISSN

ISSN 2300-1682

Wydawcy

Polska Akademia Nauk, Ośrodek Badań nad Migracjami UW

RADA PROGRAMOWA:

Marek Okólski (Uniwersytet Warszawski, Szkoła Wyższa Psychologii Społecznej)
Olga Chudinovskikh (Moscow State Lomonosow University, Higher School of Economics)
Barbara Dietz (Institute for East and Southeast European Studies in Regensburg, Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA))
Boris Divinský (Bratislava)
Dušan Drbohlav (Charles University in Prague)
Elżbieta Goździak (Georgetown University, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza)
Agnes Hars (KOPINT-TARKI Economic Research Institute Ltd)
Romuald Jończy (Uniwersytet Ekonomiczny we Wrocławiu)
Paweł Kaczmarczyk (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Olga Kupets (National University of ‘Kyiv-Mohyla Academy’)
Solange Maslowski (Charles University in Prague)
Ewa Morawska (University of Essex)
Mirjana Morokvasic (University Paris X-Nanterre, Institute for Social Sciences of Politics in Paris)
Jan Pakulski (University of Tasmania, Academy of the Social Sciences in Australia)
Dorota Praszałowicz (Uniwersytet Jagielloński)
Krystyna Romaniszyn (Uniwersytet Jagielloński)
John Salt (University College London)
Dumitru Sandu (University of Bucharest)
Krystyna Slany (Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza)
Dariusz Stola (Polska Akademia Nauk, Collegium Civitas)
Cezary Żołędowski (Uniwersytet Warszawski)

REDAKCJA:

Aleksandra Grzymała-Kazłowska (Uniwersytet Warszawski) - redaktor naczelny
Piotr Koryś (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Yana Leontiyeva (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)
Magdalena Lesińska (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Stefan Markowski (University of New South Wales in Australia)
Justyna Nakonieczna (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Joanna Nestorowicz (Uniwersytet Warszawski)
Aneta Piekut (University of Sheffield)
Paolo Ruspini (International Migration University of Lugano)
Brygida Solga (Politechnika Opolska)
Paweł Strzelecki (Szkoła Główna Handlowa)
Anne White (University of Bath)
Renata Stefańska (Uniwersytet Warszawski) - sekretarz Redakcji

Ośrodek Badań nad Migracjami Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
ul. Banacha 2b
02-097 Warszawa
tel.: 22 659 74 11

Central and Eastern European Migration Review is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

Roczniki i numery
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Zawartość

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2

1 Editorial Introduction: Relocating East–West Migration and (Im)Mobilities

Russell King , Laura Moroşanu , Mari-Liis Jakobson , Garbi Schmidt , Md Farid Miah , Raivo Vetik , Jenny Money

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 5-15

Słowa kluczowe: East–West migration return migration children and youth geopolitical change in Europe migration motives

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Abstrakt

This introductory paper sets the scene for the special issue. It describes the rationale for the collection – which has to do with the multiple geopolitical, economic and health-related events of the past 30 years – and summarises some of the overarching changes in East–West migration dynamics within and beyond Europe over this period. However, this introductory article and the nine papers that follow also challenge and nuance the predominant East–West framing of recent intra-European migration. They identify numerous other trends: return migration and immigration into CEE countries, intra-CEE migrations and a range of issues relating to the impacts of migration on children and youth.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Russell King

e-mail:

ORCID:

Laura Moroşanu

e-mail:

ORCID:

Mari-Liis Jakobson

e-mail:

ORCID:

Garbi Schmidt

e-mail:

ORCID:

Md Farid Miah

e-mail:

ORCID:

Raivo Vetik

e-mail:

ORCID:

Jenny Money

Department of Geography, University of Sussex, UK
Department of Sociology, University of Sussex, UK
School of Governance, Law and Society, Tallinn University, Estonia
Department of Communication and Arts, Roskilde University, Denmark
Freelance; Visiting Researcher, University of Sussex, UK

2 Mobility, Transnational and Integration Continuums as Components of the Migrant Experience: An Intersectional Polish-Ukrainian Case Study

Anne White

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 17-32

Słowa kluczowe: migranthood Polish migration transition Ukrainians transnationalism integration intersectionality

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Abstrakt

Qualitative migration researchers today often use one or more of three concepts – mobility, transnationalism and integration – to make sense of the complexities of contemporary migrants’ lives. Collectively, researchers identify these as the three fundamental characteristics of migranthood. Being a migrant is about, for example, planning return visits, maintaining (or not maintaining) relations with people in the sending country or being preoccupied with learning to speak the receiving-society majority language. Qualitative interviewing suggests that each migrant is uniquely situated along various mobility, transnational and integration continuums. Migrants have many social identities as well as migranthood and the existence of these other, intersecting, social identities (such as social class, lifestage and gender) helps to determine their location on the continuums: for example, how often they are mobile and how much they can be mobile. The article draws on interviews in Poland with Ukrainians and Polish return migrants to show how (former) migrants conceptualise shared Ukrainian-Polish migranthood along these three continuums.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anne White

e-mail:

ORCID:

UCL School of Slavonic and East European Studies (SSEES), UK

3 Agency and Social Relations in the Search for a Better Life: Female Migrant Entrepreneurs in Poland

Kseniya Homel

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 33-52

Słowa kluczowe: gender female migrants migrant entrepreneurship social networks beauty sector agency

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Abstrakt

Dynamic changes and the increasing diversity of migrant societies support small-scale enclave businesses in Poland. Female migrants from Belarus and Ukraine appear to have found their niche in the beauty and cosmetology sector. Nevertheless, their entrepreneurship goes beyond the enclave market. Specialists provide services to migrant communities and simultaneously target Polish clients to ensure the success of their ventures. This article presents the results of qualitative research based on 13 in-depth interviews with Ukrainian and Belarusian beauty specialists. I focus on these businesswomen’s narratives about their entrepreneurial trajectories. My aim is to explore how they use and extend their social relationships in order to acquire entrepreneurial agency. Entrepreneurship can be understood as a socially embedded practice. I apply an intersectionality approach to investigate the complexity of socially constructed identities and the dimensions of individual entrepreneurial agency. Incorporating a mixed embeddedness approach, I examine the impact of structural factors on entrepreneurial activity and the importance of social networks for women’s self-realisation as independent beauty specialists.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Kseniya Homel

Institute of Applied Social Science, Faculty of Applied Social Science and Resocialization, Centre of Migration Research, University of Warsaw, Poland

4 Living Here, Owning There? Transnational Property Ownership and Migrants’ (Im)Mobility Considerations Beyond Return

Davide Bertelli , Marta Bivand Erdal , Anatolie Coşciug , Angelina Kussy , Gabriella Mikiewicz , Kacper Szulecki , Corina Tulbure

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 53-67

Słowa kluczowe: return (im)mobility property lifecourse time Poland Romania

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Abstrakt

Migrants’ property ownership in their countries of origin is often understood through the prism of return: both intended and actual return mobilities. Applying a transnational optic, this article unpacks the relationships between migrants’ property ownership ‘back home’ and their reflections on future moves and stays, not limited to possible return. We draw on 80 semi-structured interviews conducted in 2020 with Polish and Romanian migrants living in Barcelona and Oslo. They left their homeland, sometimes following domestic migration or international migration to other countries, before arriving in Spain and Norway. Based on these case studies of East–West migration within Europe, we contribute to work recognising the ongoing complex and diversified nature of mobilities in Europe. First, we detail what migrants’ property ownership looks like in practice – forms of ownership, types of property, location. Second, we focus on how owning property in Poland or Romania intersects with migrants’ considerations about moving or staying in the future, beyond return. Considerations about future (im)mobility shed light on transnational relationships, as these evolve over time and across space. Furthermore, we find that transnational property ownership in their countries of origin reveals much about migrants’ relations with people and places ‘back home’ and reflects the known non-linearity of migration stories. Overall, however, transnational property ownership is a poor predictor of both return plans and intentions.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Davide Bertelli

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ORCID:

Marta Bivand Erdal

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ORCID:

Anatolie Coşciug

e-mail:

ORCID:

Angelina Kussy

e-mail:

ORCID:

Gabriella Mikiewicz

Kacper Szulecki

e-mail:

ORCID:

Corina Tulbure

e-mail:

ORCID:

VID Specialized University, Norway
Peace Research Institute Oslo, Norway
“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania
Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
University of Oldenburg, Germany
Norwegian Institute of International Affairs (NUPI), Norway
GRECS, University of Barcelona, Spain

5 Many Mobile, Few Successful: Ethnicised Return in a Changing Romanian Context

Remus Gabriel Anghel , Ovidiu Oltean , Alina Petronela Silian

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 69-83

Słowa kluczowe: return migration contexts of reception mobility ethnicity Romania

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Abstrakt

This article contributes to the growing debate on reintegration and the positioning of returnees in their home societies. Increasingly, studies focus on returnees’ agency in reintegration processes, their practices of mobility in return and their use of social capital and financial and social remittances acquired abroad. Much less analysed is how ethnicity influences such processes of return and experiences of reintegration. In this paper we examine how returnees belonging to different ethnic groups – Germans, Romanians and Roma – reintegrate in a Romanian multi-ethnic context with marked ethnic inequality and lasting segregation. Fieldwork was carried out in a town that has undergone massive changes in the past 30 years due to the combined effects of foreign direct investment and international migration. Economically, the town changed from a poor and decaying context, to one that was poor but developing and finally to one experiencing strong development. Using a modes-of-integration perspective and analysing returnees’ reintegration and mobilities, we show how return evolved as an ethnicised process in different contexts of reception.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Remus Gabriel Anghel

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ORCID:

Ovidiu Oltean

e-mail:

ORCID:

Alina Petronela Silian

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Department of Sociology, Faculty of Political Sciences, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, and Romanian Institute for Research on National Minorities, Romania
Department of Political Sciences, Faculty of Political, Administrative and Communication Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, Romania
Doctoral School of Sociology, Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, Babeș-Bolyai University and National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania

6 To Be or Not To Be a Samsar: Motivations for Entrepreneurship among Romanian Returnees Involved in the Transnational Trade in Used Vehicles

Anatolie Coşciug

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 85-100

Słowa kluczowe: return migration transnationalism entrepreneurship motivation used-car trade Romania East–West migration

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Abstrakt

Whilst the extant scholarship offers a detailed exploration of why return migrants enter self-employment or engage in business initiatives in general, we know relatively little about their involvement in transnational economic activities which connect the previous destination coun-try with the origin one and how they compare to other kinds of entrepreneurial venture in this vein. This article aims to understand these motivations by using insights from 50 semi-structured interviews conducted with traders of used cars imported in Romania, a mass phe-nomenon in the Central and Eastern European area and beyond. An important result of this research is that entrepreneurs have to consider a multitude of factors in multiple locations when entering the used-car business. The article also suggests that entrepreneurial motivations among used-car traders are not fixed but, rather, can and do change over time.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Anatolie Coşciug

e-mail:

ORCID:

“Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, Romania

7 The Impact of Parents’ Work Migration on the Social, Communication and Educational Experiences of Left-Behind Adolescents

Georgiana Udrea , Gabriela Guiu

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 101-117

Słowa kluczowe: parental work migration school performance learning agency new communication technologies Romanian migrants transnational families

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Abstrakt

Parental work migration can pose important risks for adolescents, such as joining inappropriate peer-groups, poor results in education or school drop-out. It can also facilitate positive changes in young people’s behaviour, as many become aware of the sacrifices their parents make to provide them with a better lifestyle and education and behave responsibly in return. Given that the literature highlights both negative and positive transformations related to parents’ migration, our aim is to address the impact of migration on adolescents left behind in rural Romania from their own perspective. We focus on teenagers’ experiences of separation from their mother, father or both, in different situations (family life, communication and rela-tionships, caring and concern for others, school achievements, future migration plans). Young people’s agency – their capacity to self-educate and organise themselves to perform well at school and in everyday activities following parental migration – is less studied in Romania. Thus, in addition to making the reality of these adolescents better known, our approach provides information that can be turned into policy solutions aimed at improving their life quality.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Georgiana Udrea

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ORCID:

Gabriela Guiu

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College of Communication and Public Relations, National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, Romania

8 Mobility and Connection to Places: Memories and Feelings about Places that Matter for CEE-Born Young People Living in Sweden

Oksana Shmulyar Gréen , Charlotte Melander , Ingrid Höjer

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 119-135

Słowa kluczowe: mobility CEE-born young people place-making memory feelings Sweden

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Abstrakt

This article addresses issues of mobility and place-making among CEE-born young people who migrated from Poland and Romania to Sweden as children (up to the age of 18). Previous research on intra-EU mobility in other destinations posits this group as 1.5-generation migrants who, due to their mobility at a formative age, experience duality and in-betweenness – with specific effects on their social and familial lives. Inspired by this research, our article examines how mobility to Sweden at a young age (re)shapes young peoples’ connection to and meaning-making of places post-migration. Drawing on two-step qualitative interviews with 18 adolescents and young adults from Poland and Romania, as well as on drawings and photographs as part of the visual materials produced by the participants, the article makes two contributions. First, it integrates the scholarship on children and youth mobility, translocalism and place-making but also deepens these conceptualisations by underlining the role of memories and feelings in young people’s place-making processes. Second, the article suggests that visual methodology is a valuable tool with which to capture the embodied and the material practices of translocal place-making over time. Our findings reveal that most of these young people continue to strongly associate with places from their childhood and country of origin. For some, these places symbolise ongoing transnational practices of visits and daily communication while, for others, these are imaginary places of safety and a right place to be. The findings also highlight the importance of memories and feelings in creating transnational connectivity between the countries of origin and Sweden, as well as in developing coping strategies against the social exclusion and misrecognition which some young people may experience in their new living spaces.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Oksana Shmulyar Gréen

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ORCID:

Charlotte Melander

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Ingrid Höjer

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University of Gothenburg, Sweden

9 Where Is My Place? The Second Generation in Italy as a New Kind of Transnational Migrant

Roberta Ricucci

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 137-154

Słowa kluczowe: young people second generation labour market associations skills stereotypes

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Abstrakt

The topic of intra-European youth mobility has been under investigation for some time. This contribution discusses a particular youth migration, that of the children of immigrants who leave Italy to move to Northern Europe. What are the motivations behind this de facto migration? How much do discrimination processes count in the decision to move abroad and under what conditions and for what reasons do people leave Italy? This paper – based on my extensive qualitative research on young people of foreign origin, born and/or raised in Italy – discusses the opportunities and limits of these young people’s coping strategies in the face of difficulties in inclusion and entry into the labour market. It does this based on the broader research project, by taking into account the mobility ideas, drivers and relationships between mobile youth and their (ethnic or not) social networks.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Roberta Ricucci

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ORCID:

University of Turin, Italy

10 Anxieties Regarding Family Return to Latvia: Does the Imagined Turn Out to Be Reality?

Daina Grosa

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2 | 155-171

Słowa kluczowe: family return migration return culture shock returnee children education imagination Latvia

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Abstrakt

For a migrant, returning to his or her homeland after living abroad can be much anticipated, yet also daunting, especially if return includes other family members who may have little insight into the cultural traditions and life approaches of the homeland. Drawing on both qualitative and quantitative evidence from interviews and a survey of both Latvian nationals living abroad and returnees to Latvia, the anxieties concerning first-generation family return with (mostly) second-generation children are unravelled – particularly the challenges faced by the children. The paper explores the difference between an imagined family return to the homeland and the lived experience. Anxieties especially concern children’s readiness for school – lack of home-country language skills, curriculum disparities and the often unsympathetic attitude of teaching staff towards returnee pupils. Preparation in advance, a resilient mindset and an avoidance of comparisons with the host country are found to reduce return anxiety for both parents and children and to ease (re)integration into the homeland setting. Home-country government initiatives offering support measures to returnees also help to mitigate the challenges of return.

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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Daina Grosa

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ORCID:

Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, University of Latvia, Latvia, and School of Global Studies, University of Sussex, UK

11 Contents

Central and Eastern European Migration Review | 2022 | vol. 11 | No 2

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Instrukcja dla autorów

Article in English (British English) or Polish should be submitted as MS Word file (*.doc or *.docx) or Rich Text Format (*.rtf) by e-mail to: ceemr@uw.edu.pl.
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The maximum length for articles is 10 000 words and for book reviews 2 000 words.
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and figures (source, notes) – 9 points.

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