Applied sciences

Metrology and Measurement Systems

Content

Metrology and Measurement Systems | 2024 | vol. 31 | No 1

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Abstract

Gear transmission errors are influenced by temperature especially in the aerospace field. A model is proposed to investigate the influence of temperature on cylindrical gear transmission errors based on the thermal network (TETN). The gear temperature field distribution model is established based on the thermal network method, and gear thermal deformation can be calculated along the gear meshing line. Regarding the gear single-flank rolling process, the variation of gear transmission errors under temperature is determined. In numerical calculations in MATLAB, the variation of gear transmission errors at 100°C compared to 20°C is –4.20 μm, which decreases almost linearly while the thermal expansion coefficient of the gear material increases. The simulation of the gear transmission errors variation of temperatures using the finite element method (FEM) were carried out in Workbench software under Ansys and the average difference of the TETN model results between calculations and FEM for different temperatures was 0.24 μm. Experiments were carried out on the gear tester in temperatures ranging from 0°C to 100°C, the TETN model results in calculations were compared with the results of the tester, and the average difference was –1.15 μm. The results show that the proposed TETN can be used as an algorithm to determine the variation of gear transmission errors under the influence of temperature.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jie Tang
1
Heng Guo
2
Hui Wan
2

  1. Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, 100124 Beijing, China
  2. Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, 100124 Beijing, China
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Abstract

The background oriented schlieren (BOS) imaging relies on measuring the light deflection angle in proportion to the refractive index gradient due to the change in the density of a medium. BOS imaging is sensitive to light deflection, and the quantitative measurement requires a reliable calibration method. It is convenient to calibrate the BOS based on the measurement of light deflection. All current BOS calibrations use the random dot as the background and digital image correlation (DIC) as the processing algorithm. Such calibrations can induce an inaccurate measurement. This paper proposes a new method to calibrate the BOS based on measuring a known light deflection angle of a wedge prism. The proposed method uses a fringe pattern instead of the random-dot and works based on phase demodulation. The fringe patterns are phase modulated by the wedge prism (the schlieren object). The demodulation utilizes the Hilbert transform (HT) on the BOS images, giving the phase difference of the images. The BOS converts the phase difference into the deflection angle. The calibration relies on the deviation of the angle measured by the BOS with the known angle of a wedge prism. The results show that the measurement accuracy of the BOS can achieve more than 95%. This result shows high accuracy in measuring the light deflection angle. Also, the proposed method is more accurate than other methods, and fringe patterns outperform random dot patterns in BOS imaging. Soon, this proposed calibration method can be adopted to validate the instruments for measuring the physical properties of a transparent medium in two-dimensional (2-D) visualization, in a contactless and non-intrusive manner.
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Authors and Affiliations

Margi Sasono
1
Setyawan P. Sakti
2
Johan A. E. Noor
2
Hariyadi Soetedjo
1

  1. Study Program of Physics, Ahmad Dahlan University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  2. Department of Physics, University of Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, Indonesia
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Abstract

Transparent Yb3+/Er3+glass-ceramic was successfully obtained by the extrusion method. The extrusion of oxyfluoride tellurite-germanate glass co-doped with Yb3+and Er3+ions at 520°C resulted in the formation of Ba0:75Er0:25F2:25 nanocrystals, leading to an increase in the upconversion (UC) emission intensity of 35 times in glass-ceramic with respect to the glass. The glass to glass-ceramic transition was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission electron microscope (TEM). Also, the structural changes that occurred during crystallization were assessed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, the pump power and temperature UC emission dependence of glass and glass-ceramic under 976 nm laser excitation were investigated in detail. The assessments showed that i) two-phonons are involved in the UC process and ii) the temperature has a significant influence over it. The Yb3+/Er3+ codoped glass-ceramic shows relatively high Sa and Sr values in a wide temperature range from 300 to 573 K, presenting the maximal Sa value of 3:50 x 10–3 at 573 K and the maximal Sr value of 6:30 x 10–3at 364 K. These results suggest that the glass-ceramic is a good candidate for optical applications such as luminescent thermometry.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Leśniak
1
Lesly G. Jiménez
1
Bartłomiej Starzyk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Patryk Szymczak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Carlos Vázquez-López
2
Marcin Kochanowicz
3
Marta Kuwik
4
Joanna Pisarska
4
ORCID: ORCID
Wojciech A. Pisarski
4
Dominik Dorosz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, 30 Mickiewicza Ave.,30-059 Krakow, Poland
  2. Department of Physics, Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute,Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Mexico City, Mexico
  3. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, 45D Wiejska Street, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland
  4. Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, 9 Szkolna Street, 40-007 Katowice, Poland
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Abstract

This paper presents the results of a study of three methods for estimating the respiratory wave (RW) and respiratory rate (RR) using the electrocardiogram (ECG). There were applied methods from different groups: amplitude modulation ECG-Derived Respiration (EDR), frequency modulation Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia (RSA) and Baseline Wander (BW) processing with the Savitzky–Golay filter (S–G). The theoretical aspects of the methods were presented in the Part 1 of the publication which was entitled: “Three Methods for the Determination of the Respiratory Waves from ECG Part I”. RR parameter estimation was performed for all the three methods for 12 subjects. The research concerning the influence of the parameters: Body Mass Index (BMI), Tidal Volume (TV) -, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) and – Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) on the errors of the estimated parameter RR. Moreover, all 12 signals, which were acquired with the help of a 12-lead Holter ECG were taken into consideration. The results indicate a preliminary dependence of respiratory parameters and BMI on the Respiratory Wave and, further, on the RR estimation errors. Consequently, the type of method and ECG Holter leads depend on the BMI and respiratory parameters. Studies with larger numbers of objects to definitively confirm these relationships are planned. In addition, an optimal selection of S–G filter parameters was carried out. Finally, a proprietary reference embedded system for recording RW and calculating RR was demonstrated.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mirosław Szmajda
1
Mirosław Chylinski
1
Jerzy Sacha
2
Janusz Mroczka
3

  1. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatic Control and Informatics, Opole University of Technology,Prószkowska 76 Street, 45-758 Opole, Poland
  2. Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, Prószkowska 76 Street,45-758 Opole; Department of Cardiology, University Hospital in Opole, 45-401 Opole, Poland
  3. Faculty of Electronics, Photonics and Microsystems, Department of Electronic and Photonic Metrology,Wrocław University of Science and Technology, B. Prusa 53/55 Street, 50-317 Wrocław, Poland
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Abstract

Over the past decade, studies published on the evaluation of intraoral scanners (IOSs) have mainly considered two parameters, precision and trueness, to determine accuracy. The third parameter, resolution, not much studied, seems essential for an application in dentistry. Objective: The objective of this preliminary study is to create an original method – a Resolution-Trueness- Precision (RTP) protocol to evaluate these three main parameters – resolution trueness and precision – at the same time. Material and Method: A ceramic tip with particular and calibrated dimensions is determined as the reference object and its mesh recorded with a scanning microtomograph, and compared with the one extracted to the IOS. It is the particular geometric shape of the object that will make it possible to simultaneously assess: resolution, trueness and precision. Results: The results have shown a mean resolution of 79.2 μm, a mean for trueness of 17.5 and a mean for precision of 12.3 μm. These values are close to previous results published for this camera. So, the RTP protocol is the first including the three parameters at the same time. Simple, fast and precise, its application can be useful for comparisons between IOSs within research laboratories or test organizations. Finally, this study could be a first step to create a reference kit for practitioners allowing them to control the quality of their IOS over time.
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Authors and Affiliations

Alban Desoutter
1
Gérard Subsol
2
Kevin Bouchiha
3
Ikram Benmoumen
1
Frédéric Cuisinier
Michel Fages
Delphine Carayon

  1. Laboratoire Bioingénierie et Nanosciences, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
  2. Research-team ICAR, LIRMM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
  3. Centre de Soins, d’Enseignement et de Recherche Dentaires, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Abstract

For some industries such as automotive, defence, aerospace, pharmaceutical manufacturing, dynamic pressure measurement is an important requirement. In a primary level dynamic pressure measurement system with a drop weight method, the dynamic pressure value is calculated using parameters such as the effective area value depending on the piston cylinder unit, the maximum acceleration value measured by a laser interferometer. On the other hand, the type of liquid used in the measuring head is another important factor affecting repeatability and providing ease of measurement. In this study, a new measurement head, piston and cylinders were designed, manufactured and the Taguchi method was used to accurately determine some parameters affecting the measurements in a dynamic primary pressure measurement system operating with the drop weight method. In the studies carried out, four pistons, four cylinders, four sampling frequency values and two liquid types were considered. By using the Taguchi method, the optimum parameters of the dynamic pressure measurement system with drop weight method were determined with only sixteen experiments instead of one hundred and twenty-eight.
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Authors and Affiliations

Recep Yılmaz
1
Hüseyin Arıkan
2
Yasin Durgut
1
Abdullah Hamarat
1

  1. TÜBITAK National Metrology Institute, TÜBITAK Gebze Yerleskesi P.K.54, 41470 Gebze, Kocaeli, Türkiye
  2. Necmettin Erbakan University, Faculty of Engineering, Institute of Natural and Applied Science, Yeni Meram Boulevard Kasım Halife Street 11, 42090 Meram, Konya, Türkiye
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Abstract

A comparison of measurements of voltage transformer (VT) voltage ratio and phase displacement was performed between the National Center for High Voltage Measurement (NCHVM), China and the National Measurement Institute (NMI), Australia, with two voltage transformers provided by the NCHVM being used as the travelling standards. Voltage ratios of the 10 kV/100 V transformer measured by the two institutes differed by less than 5 μV/V and the phase displacement by less than 6 μrad, while voltage ratios of the (110/p3 kV)/100 V transformer differed by less than 16 μV/V and 13 μrad. These results confirmed that measurement results of the two institutes agreed within detailed measurement uncertainties evaluation. The comparison further enhances the confidence in both methods, which are widely used for calibration of voltage transformers in the electricity industry.
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Authors and Affiliations

Xue Wang
1
Fred Emms
2
Hao Liu
1
Yi Li
2
Teng Yao
1

  1. China Electric Power Research Institute, Wuhan, China
  2. National Measurement Institute, Lindfield, NSW, Australia
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Abstract

In order to ensure the safe operation of electromagnetic suspension (EMS) maglev trains, it is necessary to pay attention to the control loop performance of the suspension system. The suspension system with closed-loop control is tuned to achieve excellent performance at its early stage of operation. After running for a period of time, the control loop may encounter problems e.g., degraded operation, and paralysis may occur in severe cases. In order to quantify the control performance of the suspension system in an explicable manner, this paper proposed a data-driven control loop performance evaluation method based on fractal analysis, which does not require any external sensors and can be applied without data source restrictions such as dimension, volume and resolution. The control loop performances of such suspension systems were monitored, analysed, and evaluated by cross-sectional study, based on the field data of a commercial operation line in the commissioning stage. Furthermore, the track condition was revealed by capturing performance changes of the suspension system running on different guideway girders. The results demonstrate that the proposed method enables early warning of the degeneration of the suspension systems and the track.
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Authors and Affiliations

Fei Ni
1
Yawen Dai
2
Junqi Xu
1
Lijun Rong
1
Qinghua Zheng
3

  1. National Maglev Transportation Engineering R&D Center, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  2. Institute of Rail Transit, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
  3. Thyssenkrupp Transrapid GmbH, Munich 80809, Germany

Authors and Affiliations

Lingjian Zhu
1
Min Zhao
1
Shangwei Yang
2
Yaokun Huang
2
Huan Jiang
1
Xing Qin
1

  1. School of Mechanical and Precision Instrument Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
  2. Guangdong Institute of Metrology, Guangzhou 510405, China
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Abstract

The paper presents the results of research on commercial photovoltaic cells made of crystalline silicon. In particular, the focus was on the description of the elaborated by the authors measuring system with measurements methodology used for assessment of the influence of temperature on spectral characteristics of the tested cells, describing the dependence of the current sensitivity (spectral response, responsivity) and the external quantum efficiency on the wavelength of optical radiation. The investigations carried out in the proposed test system made it possible to evaluate the properties of the cells in the conditions similar to the operating conditions.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jacek Dąbrowski
1
Łukasz Buchert
2
Janusz Zarębski
2

  1. Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Marine Electronics, ul. Morska 81-87, 81-225 Gdynia, Poland
  2. Gdynia Maritime University, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Department of Marine Electronics, ul. Morska 81-87,81-225 Gdynia, Poland
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Abstract

The accurate measurement of time-of-flight (TOF) is essential in ultrasonic testing. Further, noise interference is the key factor affecting the measurement accuracy. Therefore, to develop a reliable computational method of TOF for test pieces working in noisy environments, an integration method of a hybrid genetic algorithm and the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm (GA–LM) for ultrasonic thickness measurement is proposed in the present research. A Gaussian model is first established for an echo signal. Further, the model-based parameter estimation is converted into a nonlinear optimization problem by applying the least square method. As the parameter estimation methods are easily affected by the initial value, an integrating innovation of the GA–LM algorithm is proposed. The initial values of the model parameters are selected by GA to obtain an approximate global optimal solution. Subsequently, this approximate solution is used as the initial value for the LM algorithm to perform iterations. The accurate global optimal solution of the Gaussian model is obtained through these iterations. Finally, the measuring accuracy and robustness of the GA–LM algorithm for TOF computation are verified by both numerical simulation and experiment data
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Authors and Affiliations

Xiang Li
1
Jiuhong Jia
1
Dongxu Yang
1
Yiqing Gu
1

  1. Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety, Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Abstract

The paper proposes an automated system for measuring the thermal conductivity of solids in the range from 5 to 400 W/(m·K) with increased accuracy and reduced duration of thermal conductivity measurement. The main element of this system is a thermal conductivity measuring transducer built on a bridge diagram balanced by heat flows. Using the theory of thermal circuits, the authors built a mathematical model of the measuring transducer. To implement the automated system for measuring thermal conductivity, materials of heat-conducting elements, reference specimens, and comparative elements were selected, and their design parameters were calculated. The setting parameters of the control system for balancing the bridge measuring diagram were determined. The authors also carried out the calibration of the developed thermal conductivity measuring system using reference specimens and obtained its calibration characteristic with a correlation coefficient R-square of 0.9987.
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Authors and Affiliations

Yevhen Pistun
1
Ihor Vasylkivskyi
1
Vasyl Fedynets
1
Hanna Krykh
1
Halyna Matiko
2

  1. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Automation and Computer-Integrated Technologies, 12 Bandery St., 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
  2. Lviv Polytechnic National University, Department of Heat Engineering and Thermal and Nuclear Power Plants, 12 Bandery St., 79013, Lviv, Ukraine
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Abstract

In recent years, due to the proliferation of inertial measurement units (IMUs) in mobile devices such as smartphones, attitude estimation using inertial and magnetic sensors has been the subject of considerable research. Traditional methods involve probabilistic and iterative state estimation; however, these approaches do not generalize well over continuously changing motion dynamics and environmental conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a deep learning-based approach for attitude estimation. This approach segments data from sensors into different windows and estimates attitude by separately extracting local features and global features from sensor data using a residual network (ResNet18) and a long short-term memory network (LSTM). To improve the accuracy of attitude estimation, a multi-scale attention mechanism is designed within ResNet18 to capture finer temporal information in the sensor data. The experimental results indicate that the accuracy of attitude estimation using this method surpasses that of other methods proposed in recent years.
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Authors and Affiliations

Hailong Rong
1
Xiaohui Wu
1
Hao Wang
1
Tianlei Jin
1
Ling Zou
1

  1. Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China

Instructions for authors



Sample article with Author guidelines



Author guidelines



Types of contributions

Metrology and Measurement Systems welcomes submissions of the following article types:

• invited special issue or review papers presenting the current stage of the knowledge within scope of the journal (about 20 edited pages, approximately 3000 characters each),
• research papers reporting high-quality original scientific or technological advancements (max. 12 pages),
• papers based on extended and updated contributions presented at scientific conferences (max. 12 pages),
• short notes, i.e. book reviews, conference reports, short news (max. 2 pages).


Manuscript preparation

General The text of a manuscript should be written in clear and concise English. The camera-ready format – with attached separate files containing illustrations, tables and photographs – is required. A cover letter with clear explanation of scientific novelty of the paper is strongly recommended. Papers based on extended and updated contributions presented at scientific conferences, or strongly related to previous authors’ works, must be accompanied with a cover letter file, which should explain in details changes made in the manuscript in comparison with the original conference paper and highlight the novelty in reference to other authors’ works.
The main text of a manuscript should be printed on an A4 page (with margins of 2.5 cm) using Times New Roman style with a font size of 12 pt; the paragraphs should start with the indentation of 5 mm, and titles should be written in bold. That text can be divided into sections (numbered 1, 2, …), first-order subsections (numbered 1.1., 1.2., …, written in italics), and – if needed – second-order subsections (numbered 1.1.1., 1.1.2., …, written same as first-order subsections). The only acceptable manuscript formats are in Microsoft Word (.doc, .docx).

The Editor encourages the Authors of submitted papers who are not English native speakers, to use a language service checking the language correctness not only with respect to grammar, but also in the way of presentation of research results accepted by renowned publishers, e.g. presented on the website of the European Association of Science Editors. The Editor encourages the Authors of submitted papers who are not English native speakers, to use a language service checking the language correctness not only with respect to grammar, but also in the way of presentation of research results accepted by renowned publishers, e.g. presented on the website of the European Association of Science Editors.


Figures
Figures (illustrations, photographs) and tables, provided in the camera-ready form suitable for reproduction (which may include reduction), should be additionally submitted (one per page), larger than the final size. While preparing figures we encourage to start with defining expected size and minimum font size that fit to all graphics in the manuscript – using the same style in all of your graphics visually improves the article. Final figure formats must be in one of the following: (vectors) .eps, .pdf, .ai or .cdr, and (bitmaps) .bmp, .gif, .tif or .jpg.
As far as plots, block diagrams, schematics etc. are concerned, we suggest to use one of vector formats to improve quality and scalability. Figures in vector formats must be saved using RGB colours and with fully white background (0% K). Hidden layers are unacceptable. Minimum line thickness printed in a single colour is 0.25 pt (0.09 mm), and 1 pt (0.36 mm) when using more colours. Typically we suggest 0.2-0.5 mm but in particular cases the range 0.1–1.0 mm will be accepted. Lines in plots should be distinguished not only by using different colours but also using different line types and markers, if needed.


Equation
All equations must be numbered consecutively throughout the text. Each equation should be preceded and followed by a 6-point spacing. Punctuate equations when they are part of a sentence. Equation numbers should be enclosed in parentheses. Equations should be prepared with the use of MathType or Microsoft Equation editors. The type size in the equation is the same as for the text. To make your equations more compact, you may use the appropriate mathematical symbols or expressions. The symbols used in an equation have to be defined before that equation or immediately after it. Use italics for variables (e.g. i, x, n), physical quantity symbol (e.g. voltage U, temperature T), letter pointers and general function symbols. Do not use italics for constants, indexes, minimum, maximum and trigonometric functions, mathematical operators, differentials, etc. To refer to the equation use “(1)”, not “Eq. (1)” or “equation (1)”, except at the beginning of a sentence where “Equation (1)” should be used. We recommend to use International System of Units SI i.e. metre-kilogram-second system of units. As a decimal separator dot should be used in the entire manuscript (text, figures, tables).


References
The paper has to be clearly positioned in the context of relevant literature in the field of measurements and instrumentation. Note that lack of references from the main field of Metrology and Measurement Systems interest may suggest that the content of manuscript does not exactly correspond to the scope of metrological journals. It may reduce possibility that a proposed paper will be read by audience society. In such a case our Editorial Board may suggest to send the manuscript to a more appropriate journal. Also note that the use of possibly up-to-date references may indicate importance of your work. Table below gives examples of some relevant and renewable journals related to widely understood metrology.


Journal

Publisher

ISSN

Metrologia

IOP Publishing

0026-1394

IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement

IEEE

0018-9456

Measurement

Elsevier

0263-2241

Measurement Science and Technology

IOP Publishing

0957-0233

Metrology and Measurement Systems

PAS

0860-8229

Review of Scientific Instruments

IOP Publishing

0034-6748

IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics

IEEE

1557-9948

IET Science, Measurement & Technology

IET

1751-8822

Journal of Instrumentation

SISSA, IOP Publishing

1748-0221

Measurement Science Review

Walter de Gruyter

1335-8871

IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Magazine

IEEE

1094-6969

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences

PAS

2300-1917

Opto-Electronics Review

PAS

1896-3757

IEEE Sensors Journal

IEEE

1558-1748

Sensors

MDPI

1424-8220




References should be inserted in the text in square brackets, i.e. [1]; their list, numbered in citation order, should appear at the end of the manuscript. The format of the references should follow the APA 7th edition formatting style, i.e.: for an journal paper – surname(s) and initial(s) of author(s), year in brackets, title of the paper, full journal name, volume, issue (in brackets) and page numbers. Put all author names unless there are more than 20. Otherwise, after the first 19 authors’ names, use an ellipsis in place of the remaining author names. Then, end with the final author’s name (do not place an ampersand before it).


Submission process
Manuscript should be submitted via the Internet Editorial System (IES) – an online submission and peer review system. In order to submit the manuscript via the IES, the authors (first-time users) must create an author account to obtain a user ID and password required to enter the system. The submission of the manuscript in a single file, i.e. “Article File” containing the complete manuscript (with all figures of high quality and tables embedded in the text), is preferred. All figures have to be uploaded in separate files. The generated PDF file has to be approved. The PDF file has lower quality of the embedded figures to limit its size only.
The submission of a manuscript means that its content has not been published previously, it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, and that – if accepted – it will not be published elsewhere. The Author hereby grants the Polish Academy of Sciences (the Journal Owner) the license for commercial use of the article according to the Open Access License ( CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which has to be signed before publication. The copyright form is available in the IES.
The Authors are urged to suggest 4 to 5 reviewers in their application (with names, affiliations and addresses) with whom the Editorial Board could co-operate while processing the paper. Proposed reviewers should be experts deeply involved in issues related to the subject matter of the paper and they are intended to come from different universities or research centres.
Each submitted manuscript is subject to a single-blind peer-review procedure, and the publication decision is based on the reviewers’ comments. If necessary, the authors may be invited to revise their manuscripts. On acceptance, manuscripts are subject to editorial amendment to exactly fit the journal style.
An essential criterion for the evaluation of submitted manuscripts is their potential impact on the research field, measured by the number of repeated quotations. Such papers are preferred at the evaluation and publication stages.
Proofs will be sent to the corresponding author by e-mail and should be returned within 48 hours from receipt. The publication in the journal is free of charge. A sample copy of the journal will be sent to the corresponding author free of charge. For colour pages the authors will be charged at the rate of 160 PLN or 80 EUR per page. The payment to the bank account of the main distributor (given in “Subscription Information”) must be completed before the date indicated by the Editorial Office.


Other information
It is possible to include supplementary files related to the article content, such as e.g. developed databases. These files can be then used by other researchers to compare their algorithms using the same input data. For more details about supplementary files please contact the Editorial Board: metrology@wat.edu.pl. The biographical statements, at the very end of the article, are not obligatory, however, they are kindly recommended. Each statement should include the author’s full name and brief personal history focused on areas of research and scientific achievements. The biographical statement may not exceed 100 words and should be written using Times New Roman style with a font size of 8 pt.
The publication of your article is a great achievement but then it needs to be further promoted to make it more visible to the research community. Responsibility for this task lies with the Authors and our Editorial Board. We guarantee free access to the article in the Journals PAN of the Polish Academy of Science, including articles in Early Access form (published just after acceptance decision), indexing in popular and renewable databases (e.g. Thomson Scientific Master Journal List, Elsevier’s Scopus, Google Scholar). Furthermore, selected articles are highlighted on the journal website and are reprinted for promotion at conferences and other events. The Authors can share the final form of the article on various social networks and research-sharing platforms, such as Twitter, Facebook, Linkedin, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, SciProfiles. They are also encouraged to update personal and institutional webpages by adding the title and a link of the article. Feel free also to share your work with your colleagues using any other methods that do not conflict with the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license.
For more detailed description about how to write a paper for the Metrology and Measurement Systems journal please look at the Author guidelines for manuscript preparation. We strongly recommend using this file as a template for manuscript preparation.


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