Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Abstract

The equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV) is one of the most serious equine diseases worldwide. There is scarce information on the epizootiology of equine infectious anaemia (EIA) in Saudi Arabia. Given the importance of the equine industry in Saudi Arabia, this cross- -sectional study aims to provide information about the prevalence of EIAV based on serological surveillance of the equine population in the country. A total of 4728 sera samples were collected (4523 horses and 205 donkeys) between December 2017 and November 2019. All samples were tested using commercially available EIAV ELISA. All tested samples showed negative results for EIAV antibodies with a 95% confidence interval. The results provided evidence that Saudi Arabia’s equine populations (horses and donkeys) are currently free of EIAV. The results also suggest the need for continuous monitoring of EIAV and strict regulation when importing horses from other countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

S. Kasem

1 2

O. Hashim

1

A. Alkarar

1

A. Hodhod

1 3

A. Elias

1

M. Abdallah

1

A. Al-Sahaf

1

A. Al-Doweriej

1

I. Qasim

1

A.S. Abdel-Moneim

4

Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, 65 King Abdulaziz Road, Riyadh, 11195, Saudi Arabia
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, El Geish Street, 33516, Egypt
Animal Health Research Institute – Virology Department – Damanhur Branch – Egypt
Microbiology Department, Virology Division, College of Medicine, Taif University, Al-Taif, Saudi Arabia

2 Molecular screening of gastric Helicobacter pullorum recovered from different avian species in Egypt

R. Elhelw , M. Elhariri , H.M. Salem , H.S. Khalefa , D.A. Hamza , Z.S. Ahmed

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 369-374 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142019

Keywords: Helicobacter pullorum PCR sequencing chicken resident wild birds zoonoses Egypt

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Abstract

Helicobacter pullorum ( H. pullorum) is a bacterium that colonizes the intestines of poultry and causes gastroenteritis. Because these species are known as human and/or animal pathogens, identification of H. pullorum is becoming increasingly necessary. The bacterium has been linked to colitis and hepatitis in humans after being transmitted by infected meat consumption. Misdiagnosis of other enteric zoonotic pathogens such as Campylobacter and other Helicobacter species makes the diagnosis of H. pullorum extremely difficult. This study focused on the molecular detection of H. pullorum from the stomach (proventriculus and gizzard) of different avian species as new target organs for detection and transmission between avian species. Proventriculus and gizzards were obtained from 40 freshly dead chickens and resident wild birds (n=40). Diarrhea was found in the farms that were surveyed. DNA was extracted from all collected samples to conduct PCR amplification. The samples were screened for Helicobacter genus-specific 16s using C97 and C05 primers. To confirm the existence of H. pullorum, the positive samples were sequenced.
H. pullorum was recorded in two out of 40 chicken samples. In addition, H. pullorum was recorded in one out of 40 resident wild birds. The 16S rRNA gene sequence for Helicobacter genus-specific in poultry and wild birds showed a 100% homology. In conclusion, broiler chickens and resident wild birds are possible reservoirs for H. pullorum, according to this report, and possibly act as a source of infection for humans via the food supply.

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Authors and Affiliations

R. Elhelw

1

M. Elhariri

1

H.M. Salem

2

H.S. Khalefa

3

D.A. Hamza

4

Z.S. Ahmed

4

Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Giza, Egypt

3 Seroprevalence of antibodies to classical swine fever virus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in healthy pigs in Hunan Province, China

H. Yu , L. Zhang , Y. Cai , Z. Hao , Z. Luo , T. Peng , L. Liu , N. Wang , G. Wang , Z. Deng , Y. Zhan

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 375-381 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142020

Keywords: classical swine fever virus (CSFV) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) pig seroprevalence antibody

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Abstract

Classical swine fever (CSF) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) are responsible for major economic losses and represent a threat to the swine industry worldwide. Routine surveillance serology for CSF and PRRS viruses is critical to maintaining the health status of sow farms in Hunan Province, which is one of the top pig production provinces in China. The aim of our study was to investigate the serological statistics of CSF virus (CSFV) and PRRS virus (PRRSV) in Hunan Province. The cohort serum samples were collected from vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs. Our findings showed that the average rates of CSFV and PRRSV antibody seropositivity were 82.2% (95% CI: 80.1-84.3) and 84.8% (95% CI: 82.5-87.1), respectively, in the immunized group and that these rates were higher than those in the unvaccinated group (58.6% for CSFV and 47.8% for PRRSV). Additionally, the level of CSFV antibody in piglet serum declined gradually with age, whereas PRRSV-specific antibody level increased initially (1 to 2 weeks old) and then declined with age (2 to 4 weeks old). In summary, we investigated the difference in CSFV/PRRSV antibody levels among piglets at various weeks old (1 to 4 weeks) to further establish the duration of maternal immunity in piglets. In addition, routine monitoring of CSFV/PRRSV antibodies in immunized pigs was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of vaccination.

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Authors and Affiliations

H. Yu

1

L. Zhang

1

Y. Cai

1

Z. Hao

2

Z. Luo

3

T. Peng

1

L. Liu

N. Wang

1

G. Wang

1

Z. Deng

1

Y. Zhan

1

Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering in Animal Vaccines, Research Center of Reverse Vaccinology (RCRV), and Laboratory of Functional Proteomics (LFP), College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
Yongzhou Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Affairs Center, Yongzhou, Hunan 425000, China
Dingcheng Animal Husbandry and Aquatic Affairs Center, Changde, Hunan 415100, China

4 Effects of an enzyme agent containing mutanase and dextranase for treatment of biofilms in bacteria- and yeast-infected canine otitis externa

M. Fujimura

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 383-389 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142021

Keywords: biofilm canine otitis externa enzyme agents drug-resistant bacteria

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Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in detail both the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of the enzyme agents, ZYMOX® Plus Otic (ZYMOX-P), in the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE). Eight dogs with a diagnosis of non-seasonal severe chronic OE were recruited for the study. ZYMOX-P was administered for 2-4 weeks. The Otitis Index Score (OTIS3) and bacteria or yeast colony growth were measured. Also, minimum biofilm (BF) formation inhibition concentration (MBIC) and BF bactericidal concentration (BBC) were measured in vitro. OTIS3 showed a statistically significant reduction after treatment (88.2%, p<0.001; pre-treatment = 11.0 ± 0.9; post-treatment = 1.3 ± 0.4, mean ± SEM). The individual OTIS scores, erythema, edema, erosions/ ulcerations, exudate and pruritus showed significant reduction (85.7%, 95.7%, 83.3%, 80.0%, and 89.3%, respectively). Microscopic examination revealed the presence of BF exopolysaccharide in all 8 ear samples when stained with alcian blue. Seven of the 8 dogs (87.5%) showed a reduction in colony growth. ZYMOX-P was effective at 34-fold and 16-fold dilutions on MBIC and BBC, respectively. These findings indicate that ZYMOX-P has efficacy against BF-related infection and is beneficial when used for the management of canine OE.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Fujimura

1

Fujimura Animal Allergy Hospital, Aomatanihigashi 5-10-26, Minou-city, Osaka 562-0022, Japan

5 Effect of repeated low doses of GnRH on follicular development and ovulation in anovulatory dairy cows with follicle growth to emergence size

W. Barański , A. Nowicki , S. Zduńczyk , D. Tobolski

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 391-396 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142022

Keywords: cows anovulation repeated doses of GnRH ovulation

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of repeated low doses of GnRH agonist buserelin once a day for 5 days on follicle development and ovulation in anovulatory dairy cows with follicles growth only to emergence. The study was conducted on 71 anovulatory Polish Holstein Friesian cows. Anovulation with growth of follicles to emergence was defined as small ovaries with follicles of ≤ 5 mm in diameter and without corpus luteum on two examinations in a 7-10 day interval between 50-60 days after parturition. Cows were allocated to one of two group. Cows from group 1 (n = 58) received 0.4 μg of buserelin (Receptal, MSD, Poland) i.m. once a day for 5 days. Control cows from group 2 (n = 13) received saline. Ovarian structures were monitored weekly after the end of treatment by ultrasound for 4 weeks. The diameter of ovarian follicles on the ovaries was measured and recorded. Occurrence of ovulation was determined by the presence of corpus luteum. Overall, ovulation occurred in 46.6% (27/58) of cows treated with repeated doses of GnRH, while no corpus luteum was observed in the control group during the study period. There were significantly (p<0.05) more follicles 6-9 mm in diameter and 10-20 mm in diameter in cows treated with GnRH than in control cows. In conclusion, repeated low doses of GnRH analogue buserelin once a day for 5 days stimulate the development of ovarian follicles in anovulatory dairy cows with small ovarian follicles and led to ovulation in 46.6% of cows during 4 weeks after the end of the treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

W. Barański

1

A. Nowicki

1

S. Zduńczyk

1

D. Tobolski

1

Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

6 Research on the effect of an androgenic hormone product on the functional status of common sebaceous glands in dogs

G. Gâjâilă , M. Ghiță , G. Zagrai , D.C. Cotor , A.M. Ionescu , A.M. Zagrai (Măierean) , A. Damian , G. Cotor

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 397-402 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142023

Keywords: sebaceous glands sebum pH androgenic hormone

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Abstract

Nowadays, a high incidence of cutaneous tumors is observed in domestic carnivorous in pet clinic, the sebaceous glands being the starting point for the development of these tumors. The hormonal imbalances are considered to be the most common etiology for these tumors, so the current research is based on the effects of an androgenic like hormonal drug on the functionality of the sebaceous glands in dogs. For this purpose, 32 dogs were distributed in 4 groups: control group 1 (8 dogs - females), control group 2 (8 dogs - males), experimental group 1 (8 dogs - females) and experimental group 2 (8 dogs - males).
The investigation targeted the pH of skin and the rate of sebum’s secretion. The animals from the experimental groups were treated with Anabolin forte for 2 days at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight/day, intramuscular.
The obtained results revealed that administration of Anabolin forte in males induced a significantly distinct intensification (with 10.66%) of sebum’s secretion and a significant decrease of pH of the skin (with 17.1%) compared to the animals from the control group. The administration of Anabolin forte in females induced a significantly distinct intensification (with 17.47%) of sebum’s secretion and a significant decrease of the pH of the skin (with 14.32%) compared to the animals from the control group.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Gâjâilă

1

M. Ghiță

1

G. Zagrai

2 3

D.C. Cotor

2 4

A.M. Ionescu

1

A.M. Zagrai (Măierean)

2

A. Damian

2

G. Cotor

1

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Bucharest-050097, Splaiul Independentei 105, Bucharest, Romania
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj-Napoca-400372, Calea Manastur 3-5, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Saint Sylvester Secondary School, Bucharest-20764, Oltarului 11, Romania
Clinical Hospital of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Osetoarticular TB “Foișor”, Bucharest-030167, Bd. Ferdinand nr. 35-37, Romania

7 The application of videodermoscopic examination in assessing the skin and its products in pure Arabian horses in the summer and winter seasons

A. Pomorska-Zniszczyńska , M.P. Szczepanik , G. Kalisz , N. Adamczyk , M. Tarach , M. Sobuś , B. Abramowicz

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 403-409 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142024

Keywords: hairs horses skin videodermoscopy

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Abstract

Videodermoscopic examinations have only recently started to be used in veterinary medicine and usually involve a small group of animals.
The aim of this study was to compare specific dermoscopic parameters in selected areas of the body of Arabian horses in the summer and winter seasons. The research was conducted between 2018-2019. The procedure was performed on the left side of the horse’s body in seven areas: head, neck, chest, flank, rump, mane, and tail. 42 purebred Arabian horses aged 1-25 (median), 39 mares and 3 stallions were qualified for the study. An Italian Video-Dermascope 7 (Medici Medical SRL with the 3 VIDIX 5Mpx camera and the VX1 overlay - Contact type cap Ø 3.5 cm) was used in the dermatoscopic evaluation. Specialist Cellsens Olympus software for analysing microscopic images was used to perform the measurements. Regardless of the area assessed, the skin in the summer months is darker than in the winter months. Hair thickness ranged from 44.82 (chest in summer) to 87.45 um (mane in winter). Regarding hair density, the number of hairs in the field of view of the dermatoscope ranged from 990 (summer mane) to 3680 (head in winter). Our research showed that the season of the year influences the amount of hair without significantly affecting its thickness.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Pomorska-Zniszczyńska

1

M.P. Szczepanik

2

G. Kalisz

3

N. Adamczyk

4

M. Tarach

4

M. Sobuś

4

B. Abramowicz

5

Subdepartment of Internal Diseases of Farm Animals and Horses, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Subdepartment of Clinical Diagnostics and Veterinary Dermatology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Department of Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Students, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Sub-Department of Internal Diseases of Accompanying Animals, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland

8 Are Italian–Polish veterinarians and breeders prepared to control an outbreak of Brucella canis infection in dogs?

M. Tymczak , B. Favi , M. Beccaglia , M.C. Pisu , V. Tarducci , M.P. Franciosini , M.L. Marenzoni

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 411-418 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142025

Keywords: Brucella canis dog screening test regulation health requirement

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Abstract

Brucella canis infection is one of the most important causes of infertility in dogs and is a zoonosis for which no effective treatment or vaccines exist. It is not a mandatory notifiable disease. Following an increase of cases in Europe and worldwide, an investigation was performed to evaluate how much Italian and Polish veterinarians and breeders know about canine brucellosis and understand their perceptions of this infection. For this reason, two questionnaires were prepared, in Italian and Polish. Eighteen Italian and Polish veterinarians, specialists in canine reproduction, responded to the first survey and 44.4% of them affirmed having diagnosed canine brucellosis at least once in their clinical practice, and different perceptions emerged regarding the infection in the two countries. The second survey was completed by 145 Italian and Polish breeders; the disease was completely unknown to 22.8% of them, whereas 2.1% had diagnosed infection by B. canis in their kennels. In conclusion, knowledge of B. canis infection differs between these countries, with extremes ranging from diagnosed cases to complete underestimation of the presence of the problem. However, based on international data and reporting of a recent large outbreak in Italy, awareness of this contagious infectious disease and its management must be increased.

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Bibliography

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Corrente M, Franchini D, Decaro N, Greco G, D’Abramo M, Greco MF, Latronico F, Crovace A, Martella V (2010) Detection of Brucella canis in a dog in Italy. New Microbiol 33: 337-341.
Cosford KL (2018) Brucella canis: un update on research and clinical management. Can Vet J 59: 74-81.
De Massis F, Sacchini F, Averaimo D, Garofolo G, Lecchini P, Ruocco L, Lomolino R, Santucci U, Sgariglia E, Crotti S, Petrini A, Migliorati G, D’Alterio N, Gavaudan S, Tittarelli M (2021) First Isolation of Brucella canis from a breeding kennel in Italy. Vet Ital 57: 215-226.
Galarce N, Escobar B, Martínez E, Alvarado N, Peralta G, Dettleff P, Dorner J, Martínez V, Borie C (2020) Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Brucella canis Strains Isolated from Kennels, Household, and Stray Dogs in Chile. Animals (Basel) 10: 2073.
Gyuranecz M., Szeredi L, Ronai Z, Denes B, Dencso L, Dan A, Palmai N, Hauser Z, Lami E, Makrai L, Erdelyi K, Janosi S (2011) Detection of Brucella canis-induced reproductive diseases in a Kennel. J Vet Diagn Invest 23: 143-147.
Hensel ME, Negron M, Arenas-Gamboa AM (2018) Brucellosis in Dogs and Public Health Risk. Emerg Infect Dis 24: 1401-1406.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Tymczak

1

B. Favi

2

M. Beccaglia

3

M.C. Pisu

4

V. Tarducci

5

M.P. Franciosini

1

M.L. Marenzoni

1

Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06124, Italy
Servizio di Sanità Animale, ASL 1 Umbria, Perugia, 06126, Italy
Private practitioner, Ambulatorio Veterinario Beccaglia, Lissone, Monza-Brianza, 20851, Italy
Private practitioner, Centro di Referenza Veterinario, Torino, 10138, Italy
Private practitioner, Ambulatorio Veterinario Le Coccinelle, Mogliano, Macerata, 62010, Italy

9 The effects of dexamethasone and minocycline alone and combined with N-acetylcysteine and vitamin E on serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 and coenzyme Q10 levels in aflatoxin B1 administered rats

B. Tras , H. Eser Faki , Z. Ozdemir Kutahya , E. Bahcivan , B. Dik , K. Uney

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 419-427 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142026

Keywords: aflatoxin B1 coenzyme Q10 matrix metalloproteinase-9 rat treatment

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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effects of dexamethasone and minocycline alone and combined treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and vitamin E on serum coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in rats administered aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The study was carried out on 66 male Wistar rats. Following the intraperitoneal (IP) administration of AFB1 at dose of 2 mg/kg, minocycline (45 and 90 mg/kg, IP) and dexamethasone (5 and 20 mg/kg, IP) were administered alone and combined with NAC (200 mg/kg, IP) and vitamin E (600 mg/kg, IP). CoQ10 and MMP-9 levels were analyzed using the HPLC-UV method and a commercial kit by ELISA, respectively. AFB1 increased MMP-9 level and decreased CoQ10 level compared to the control group. After dexamethasone and minocycline administration, there is no increase in CoQ10 level, which is caused by AFB1. However, dexamethasone and minocycline combined with NAC+vitamin E caused significant increases in CoQ10 levels. Dexamethasone and minocycline alone and combined with NAC+vitamin E decreased MMP-9 levels compared to the single AFB1 treated group. The use of MMPs inhibitors and oxidative stress-reducing agents is anticipated to be beneficial in the poisoning with AFB1.

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Authors and Affiliations

B. Tras

1

H. Eser Faki

1

Z. Ozdemir Kutahya

2

E. Bahcivan

3

B. Dik

1

K. Uney

1

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Alaeddin Keykubat Campus, New Istanbul Road. No:371, Konya, 42130, Turkey
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Ceyhan Veterinary Medicine, University of Cukurova, Fatih Sultan Mehmet District, Inonu Boulevard, No: 242, Adana, 01330, Turkey
Department of Medical Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Amasya, Akbilek District. Dominion Street, National Sovereignty Campus, No:4/3, 05100, Turkey

10 Molecular detection and therapeutic study of Trypanosoma brucei evansi from naturally infected horses in Punjab, Pakistan

J. Zahoor , M. Kashif , A. Nasir , M. Bakhsh , M.F. Qamar , A. Sikandar , A. Rehman

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 429-435 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142027

Keywords: equines prevalence Trypanosome brucei evansi therapeutic trial horses

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Abstract

Trypanosomiasis is one of the severe pathogenic infections, caused by several Trypanosoma species, affecting both animals and humans, causing substantial economic losses and severe illness. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular diagnosis and the risk factors associated with trypanosomiasis in District Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, blood samples were randomly collected from 200 horses. A predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data on risk factors before the sample collection. The microscopy examination through Giemsa staining, formol gel test and PCR techniques were used to find the prevalence. The prevalence was recorded as 22.5% with microscopy examination, 21% through formol gel test and 15.5% with PCR based results. Analysis of risk factors associated with Trypanosoma brucei evansi occurrence was carried out using Chi-square test. It showed the prevalence of Trypanosoma brucei evansi was significantly (p<0.05) associated with sex, age, rearing purpose and body condition whereas non-significantly (p>0.05) with insects control practices. This study supports the idea that PCR is a sensitive, robust and more reliable technique to diagnose trypanosomiasis. It was concluded that Trypanosoma brucei evansi is widely prevalent in Jhang (Pakistan), highlighting a dire need to develop control strategies and education programmes to control this disease in developing countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

J. Zahoor

1

M. Kashif

1

A. Nasir

1

M. Bakhsh

1

M.F. Qamar

2

A. Sikandar

3

A. Rehman

2

Department of Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Pakistan
Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Pakistan
Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang Pakistan

11 Therapeutic potential of cristobalite in the treatment of calf diarrhea

U. Ozcan , M.G. Sezener , B.U. Sayilkan , E. Kulluk , A. Akman , H. Cetiner , V.E. Erguden , S. Yaman , S. Gumusova , A. Ciftci , Y. Meral , D. Dalgın

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 437-446 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142028

Keywords: calf diarrhea cristobalite CS31a zeolite

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Abstract

Calf diarrhea continues to be the major problem of calves in the neonatal period. The effect of zeolites has been increasingly studied in ruminant health in recent years. In the present study, the efficacy of cristobalite, a zeolite, in neonatal calf diarrhea was studied first time. For this purpose, twenty-five neonatal calves with diarrheas were divided into two groups, and Group 1 (n=12) received conventional treatment and Group 2 (n=13) received cristobalite (Zoosorb 10 mg/kg) orally 3 times a day in addition to conventional treatment. Escherichia coli k99 and CS31a, bovine rotavirus and bovine coronavirus were isolated from fecal samples at the beginning of the treatment, on the third day and before discharge. It was determined that the recovery period in Group 2 was 0.95 (20.6%) days shorter than in Group 1 (p<0.05) while no viral agents were found on the fifth day in Group 2, viral shedding continued in 4 of 5 calves in Group 1. In conclusion, the study revealed that cristobalite speeds the recovery time and possibly decreases viral shedding in neonatal calf diarrhea, demonstrating a remarkable efficiency in the treatment.

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Authors and Affiliations

U. Ozcan

1

M.G. Sezener

2

B.U. Sayilkan

1

E. Kulluk

1

A. Akman

3

H. Cetiner

1

V.E. Erguden

2

S. Yaman

2

S. Gumusova

4

A. Ciftci

2

Y. Meral

1

D. Dalgın

1

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ondokuz Mayis University, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey
Samsun Veterinary Control Institute, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey
Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,Ondokuz Mayis University, TR-55200, Samsun, Turkey

12 Vitamin E protected the mouse adrenal gland against immobilization stress

F. Aşır , Y. Nergiz , A. Pala

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 447-454 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142029

Keywords: adrenal gland immobilization psychopharmacological tests stress vitamin E

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Abstract

In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin E on mouse adrenal glands in immobilization stress. Twenty-eight male, 10-week-old, BALB/C mice weighing 30-45 grams were divided into four groups. Mice were placed in a cage where no movement was allowed 6 hours/day for 7 days for immobilization stress. 10 ml/kg vitamin E was administered orogastrically 1 hour before immobilization stress in the vitamin E and stress+vitamin E group. At the end of the 7th day, all the animals were subjected to elevated-plus maze (anxiety) and forced swimming (depression) tests. Left adrenal glands were dissected for routine paraffin tissue embedding protocol. Adrenal sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Azan. Malonaldehyde (MDA) levels were also measured in the adrenal tissues. Anxiety level (0.023), depression level (p=0.042) and MDA values (p=0.01) were significantly increased in the stress group. Histological sections of the stress group showed cortical atrophy, medullary hypertrophy, vascular dilation and hemorrhage. Azan staining revealed a thinned capsule and corticomedullary fibrosis in the stress group. Pathologies induced by immobilization stress were mostly reversed after vitamin E administration. The results suggested that vitamin E alleviates adverse effects of immobilization stress (oxidative, behavioral and histopathologic changes) in mice.

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Authors and Affiliations

F. Aşır

1

Y. Nergiz

1

A. Pala

1

Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey

13 Comparative analysis of CpG islands in two genotypes of African swine fever virus

Y.-Y. Yu , M.-S. X , Q. Liu

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 455-462 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142030

Keywords: African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) genotype DNA methylation CpG island

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Abstract

African swine fever (ASF) is an acute, hemorrhagic, and devastating viral infectious disease that causes important economic losses to the swine industry. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or drugs available. Epigenetic mechanisms, especially cytosine methylation of cytosine- -phosphate-guanine (CpG) islands, have a significant impact on the life cycle of several viruses. Hence, drugs targeting DNA methylation may potentially be used for the treatment of ASF. Here, we selected the inner core, core shell, inner membrane, capsid, and external envelope membrane, to analyze the characteristics of CpG islands in the ASF virus (ASFV) genomes. Furthermore, we analyzed the promoters and CpG islands in the upstream regions of these genes. Results showed that the CpG islands of seven genes were conserved in the genomes of two genotype of ASFV strains, whereas the CpG islands of other genes were relatively conserved (ASFV strains differed mainly in the quantity of CpG islands). The different distribution of CpG islands in the genomes of different ASFV strains may affect their methylation status, which may in turn affect the regulation of viral gene expression, leading to different clinical outcomes. In addition, the predicted promoter regions based on the upstream sequences of most genes overlapped with CpG island positions. Methylation of the binding sites of the promoter regions inhibits the binding of the transcription factors to the promoters, thus inhibiting the activation of the promoters and limiting the synthesis of viral proteins. The results of this study provide a basis for exploring new antiviral therapeutic strategies from an epigenetic perspective.

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Authors and Affiliations

Y.-Y. Yu

1

M.-S. X

2

Q. Liu

1

Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China
Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou 404155, China

14 The first record of mcr-1 gene for colistin resistance in pigs from Serbia: should we be worried?

G. Kozoderović , V. Lalošević , T. Süli , V. Vračar

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 463-467 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142031

Keywords: colistin resistance pigs mcr-1

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Abstract

Colistin is being used as a last-resort drug to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in humans. In veterinary medicine, colistin has been used for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. In the first study of mcr genes by multiplex PCR in healthy pigs from Serbia, we discovered mcr-1 in 4.85% out of 350 fecal samples. The presence of mcr-1 gene was detected on three farms located less than 100 km apart from each other, predominantly in piglet samples. The results point to the necessity of monitoring of colistin resistance and the mcr genes in food producing animals as well as restricting colistin usage on farms.

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Authors and Affiliations

G. Kozoderović

1

V. Lalošević

2

T. Süli

3

V. Vračar

2

University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Education in Sombor, Podgorička 4, 25000 Sombor, Republic of Serbia
University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 8, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia
Veterinarski zavod Subotica, Beogradski put 123, 24000 Subotica, Serbia

15 Suspicion of bovine tuberculosis in sheep in the Małopolskie Voivodeship (southern Poland)

A. Didkowska , P. Żmuda , B. Orłowska , M. Nowak , K. Filip-Hutsch , K. Cuper , M. Krajewska-Wędzina , K. Anusz

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 469-473 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142032

Keywords: bovine tuberculosis dairy products IGRA sheep tuberculin skin test

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Abstract

Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) in sheep (Ovis aries) is caused by Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium caprae. Even though sheep have been considered less sensitive to BTB than other ruminants, they have been subject to increasing numbers of tuberculosis cases and it has been suggested that they may act as a disease reservoir in some regions. Aim of the study: Following a report of tuberculous-like gross lesions (repeated cases of purulent or caseous lymphadenitis and a single case of serosal tubercles on the peritoneum) from veterinarians working in a slaughterhouse in the Małopolskie Voivodeship, southern Poland, the aim of this study was to conduct ante-mortem BTB diagnostics in three flocks with suspected BTB. The animals for testing were selected randomly from the flocks; a blood sample for interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) and a single tuberculin skin test (TST) was performed on each sheep. All TST results were negative. The IGRA result was positive in two ewes from the same flock (four and five years of age); these two sheep were tested microbiologically using Stonebrink and Löwenstein-Jensen media. No gross lesions suggesting BTB were observed, and the culture results were negative. Based on the positive IGRA results, together with its high specificity in sheep, and the potential risk to humans posed by consuming local unpasteurized dairy products, we recommend introducing serological BTB screening in sheep from this area, and subjecting the positive results to confirmation by culture.

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Authors and Affiliations

A. Didkowska

1

P. Żmuda

2

B. Orłowska

1

M. Nowak

1

e-mail:

ORCID:

K. Filip-Hutsch

1

K. Cuper

1

M. Krajewska-Wędzina

3

K. Anusz

1

Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJUR, Al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30059 Kraków, Poland
Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland

16 In vitro evaluation of zearalenone toxicity by comet assay

M. Harcarova , E. Conkova , S. Kolenicova , B. Holeckova , M. Proskovcova

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 475-477 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142033

Keywords: mycotoxins toxicity comet assay

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to reveal the potentially genotoxic effect of zearalenone on bovine lymphocytes by comet assay in vitro. The bovine lymphocytes were exposed to various zearalenone concetrations (50; 10; 2; 0.4 and 0.08 ppm). The viability and DNA damage of lymphocytes was monitored after 2 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. After 2 hours of zearalenone exposure, statistically significant DNA damage occurred at all tested concentrations of 0.08 ppm (12.2±1.25; p<0.05), 0.4 ppm (12.7±0.88; p<0.01), 2 ppm (12.0±0.51; p<0.01), 10 ppm (11.2±0.47; p<0.01) and at 50 ppm (14.2±0 61; p<0.001). Significantly greater DNA damage was also found after 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The obtained results showed that zearalenone may induce DNA damage of the bovine lymphocytes.

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Authors and Affiliations

M. Harcarova

1

E. Conkova

2

S. Kolenicova

3

B. Holeckova

3

M. Proskovcova

2

Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic
Department of Biology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Komenskeho 73, 041 81 Kosice, Slovak Republic

17 Effect of alkaloid berberine on the susceptibility of nontuberculous mycobacteria to antibiotics

K. Puk , L. Guz

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 479-481 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142034

Keywords: berberine antibiotics mycobacterium NTM minimum inhibitory concentration

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Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) have recently emerged as important bacterial pathogens of both animals and humans. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a combination of ten antibiotics with an inhibitor of efflux pumps (EPI), i.e. berberine (BER), against 6 strains of NTM. Our results showed that the BER potentiated the anti-mycobacterial activities of the antibiotics. Overall, our findings show the importance of BER in increasing the efficacy of antibiotics in NTM.

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Bibliography

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Guz L, Puk K (2022) Antibiotic susceptibility of mycobacteria isolated from ornamental fish. J Vet Res 66: 69-76.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Puk

1

L. Guz

1

Department of Biology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland

18 The distribution and chemical coding of urinary bladder trigone-projecting neurons in testicular and aorticorenal ganglia in male pigs

Z. Pidsudko , J. Godlewski , K. Wąsowicz

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3 | 483-487 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2022.142035

Keywords: prevertebral ganglia urinary bladder trigone immunohistochemistry retrograde tracing neuropeptides male pig

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Abstract

Combined retrograde tracing and double-labelling immunofluorescence were used to investigate the distribution and chemical coding of neurons in testicular (TG) and aorticoerenal (ARG) ganglia supplying the urinary bladder trigone (UBT) in juvenile male pigs (n=4, 12 kg. of body weight). Retrograde fluorescent tracer Fast Blue (FB) was injected into the wall of the bladder trigone under pentobarbital anesthesia. After three weeks all the pigs were deeply anesthetized and transcardially perfused with 4% buffered paraformaldehyde. TG and ARG, were collected and processed for double-labelling immunofluorescence. The expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) or dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), neuropeptide Y (NPY), somatostatin (SOM), galanin (GAL), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) were investigated. The cryostat sections were examined with a Zeiss LSM 710 confocal microscope equipped with adequate filter blocks.
The TG and ARG were found to contain many FB-positive neurons projecting to the UBT (UBT-PN). The UBT-PN were distributed in both TG and ARG. The majority of them were found in the right ganglia, mostly in TG. Immunohistochemistry disclosed that the vast majority of UBT-PN were noradrenergic (TH- and/or DBH-positive). Many noradrenergic neurons contained also immunoreactivity to NPY, SOM or GAL. Most of the UBT-PN were supplied with VAChT-, or NOS- IR (immunoreactive) varicose nerve fibres.
This study has revealed a relatively large population of differently coded prevertebral neurons projecting to the porcine urinary bladder. As judged from their neurochemical organization these nerve cells constitute an important element of the complex neuro-endocrine system involved in the regulation of the porcine urogenital organ function.

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Authors and Affiliations

Z. Pidsudko

1

J. Godlewski

2

K. Wąsowicz

3

Department of Animal Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Human Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Warszawska 30, 10-082 Olsztyn, Poland
Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 14, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

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Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2022 | vol. 25 | No 3

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