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Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Description

The Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences is an open-access peer-reviewed journal (http://pjvsci.uwm.edu.pl/). It was established in 1998 and has been published continuously as a quarterly since then.

The Journal is aimed at publishing high-quality research (original and short communication) and review articles from the wide field of veterinary medicine. English-language articles from a variety of areas are welcome.

The following topics are particularly encouraged: new knowledge on the pathophysiology of animal diseases; new knowledge on animal disease therapy, therapeutics and prevention; new knowledge on animal-associated public health issues.

The Journal is indexed by Thomson Scientific (BIOSIS/Biological Records, Biotechnology Citation Index®, Current Contents®/Biology, Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Science Citation Index® Expanded), Index Copernicus, the National Library of Medicine (PubMed/ MEDLINE®) and the Polish Scientific Journal Contents.

The Journal is owned in equal parts by the Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Veterinary Sciences and by the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn.

Submissions are evaluated by reviewers using the single-blind peer review process. The policy of the journal is to accept articles only after a positive peer review.


Journal Metrics:

Impact Factor 2022: 0.8

CiteScore 2022: 1.5

SCImago Journal Rank (SJR) 2022: 0.242

Source Normalized Impact per Paper (SNIP) 2022: 0.346

ISSN
ISSN 1505-1773
Publishers
Polish Academy of Sciences Committee of Veterinary Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

Editor-in-Chief:

Michał Załęcki, University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Anatomy, Olsztyn, Poland

Deputy/ Managing Editors:

Kaleczyc Jerzy, University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Anatomy, Olsztyn, Poland

Krzysztof Wąsowicz, University of Warmia and Mazury, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathophysiology, Forensic Veterinary Medicine and Administration, Olsztyn, Poland

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

University of Warmia and Mazury

Department of Animal Anatomy

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10-719 Olsztyn-Kortowo II, Poland

Phone: +48-89-5233733

Fax: +48-89-5234986

pjovs@uwm.edu.pl

Website: http://pjvsci.uwm.edu.pl/

Articles are published in open access under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license ( https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.en), which allows re-users to copy and distribute the material in any medium or format in unadapted form and for noncommercial purposes, and only so long as attribution is given to the creator. In simple words: others can download published works and share them with others as long as they credit Authors, but they can’t change the articles in any way or use them commercially. Pease note: Under the CC BY-NC-ND license reuse is only applicable for non-commercial purposes. To obtain permission for commercial use please contact Editorial Office.




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Content

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3

1 Immunolocalization of sodium-dependentglucose co-transporter 1 and sodium-dependent glucoseco-transporter 2 in chicken’s (Gallus gallus domesticus) kidneys
C. Allmang , P. Hussar , I. Dūrītis , T. Järveots
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 323-328 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149363
Keywords: chicken immunohistochemistry renal glucose transport renal tubules sodium--dependent glucose co-transporter-1 sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter-2
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Abstract

In homeostasis, which plays an important role in the proper functioning and maintenance of the internal functioning of the body, kidneys play a key role in being responsible for the proper homeostasis of glucose. Among glucose transporters, sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters (SGLTs) have a major role in the kidney‘s ability to reabsorb glucose. Although the localization of these transporters has been extensively studied in mammals, there are still gaps in knowledge of the localization of SGLTs in birds of different age groups. The aim of this study was to immunolocalize in kidneys of hen chickens of different ages the sodium-dependent glucose co-transporters SGLT1 and SGLT2, comparing the localization between different age groups. The kidneys derived from 32 hen chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) were devided equally into four age groups: 3, 7, 14, and 20 day old broilers, 8 indivuals in each group. The polyclonal primary antibodies Rabbit anti- SGLT1 and Rabbit anti-SGLT2 (Abcam, UK) were used together with the corresponding IHC kit (Abcam, UK). The results were visualized photographically using an AxioCam HRc camera (Germany) connected to a Zeiss Axioplan-2 Imaging microscope (Germany). The study revealed similar immunolocalization of SGLT1 and SGLT2 in the apical part of cells of proximal renal tubules in hen chickens’ kidneys in all age groups. Strong staining of SGLT2 was noted also in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the proximal straight and convoluted tubules. Based on our study, the kidney tissue of newly hatched chickens is ready immediately after hatching for glucose reabsorption and transport, similarily to that of three-week-old chicks.
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Authors and Affiliations

C. Allmang
1
P. Hussar
1 2
I. Dūrītis
3
T. Järveots
1
  1. Chair of Veterinary Biomedicine and Food Hygiene, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi Str.62, Tartu 51006, Estonia
  2. Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tartu, Ravila 19, Tartu 50411, Estonia
  3. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Latvian University of Agriculture, Kristapa Helmaņa 8, Jelgava LV-3004, Latvia
2 In vitro evaluation of frozen thawed kangayam bull semen enrichedwith antioxidants
M. Selvaraju , R. Ruthrakumar , D. Gopikrishnan , S. Manokaran , R. Yogeswari
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 329-336 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149364
Keywords: hyaluronan in vitro penetration rate kangayam metformin oocyte
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro penetration rate of antioxidant enriched frozen thawed Kangayam bull semen. For the current investigation, 5-7-year-old Kangayam bulls were used. The semen was collected twice per week and two ejaculates were collected each time. They were subsequently transported to the laboratory for processing of semen and maintained in a water bath at 34°C. On the day of semen collection, three groups of semen were prepared with Tris-egg-yolk Glycerol Extender (TEYG) (group I), TEGY extenders with hyaluronan (group II), and TEGY extenders with metformin (group III) and stored in a water bath at 34°C. According to the group, the semen sample was first diluted at a ratio of 1:1 with the appropriate extender (TEYG, hyaluronan enriched or metformin enriched) and kept in laminar air flow at 22°C for seven minutes. Each semen sample was then extended using the appropriate semen extender in accordance with the dilution rate. After filling, sealing and printing, the final diluted semen sample was subjected to equilibration. Freezing was done as per the standard protocol. Oocytes were collected from cyclical animals on days 1, 5, 9 after estrus using the ultrasound guided transvaginal ovum pick-up method after ablation of the day 0 pre-ovulatory follicle. After oocyte and sperm maturation, the co-incubation of oocyte and sperm was done and the in vitro penetration rate was recorded. The overall in vitro penetration rate recorded in Kangayam cows was 46.66 per cent. Maximum in vitro penetration rate was observed in group II (52 per cent) followed by group III (46 per cent) and in group I (42 per cent). Based on the above findings, it was concluded that hyaluronan enriched semen may be used as a pragmatic approach for cryopreservation of Kangayam bull semen in order to augment the in vitro penetration rate in Kangayam.
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Authors and Affiliations

M. Selvaraju
1
R. Ruthrakumar
2
D. Gopikrishnan
2
S. Manokaran
3
R. Yogeswari
4
  1. Dean, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal- 637 002, India
  2. Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal- 637 002, India
  3. Department of Veterinary Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Salem- 636 112, India
  4. Department of Clinics, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Namakkal- 637 001, India
3 Efficacy of feeding spray-dried porcine plasma to turkeys during broodingon performance to market age
K. Kozłowski , A. Drażbo , J. Campbell , R. Esquerra , P. Konieczka , J. Polo
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 337-345 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149365
Keywords: early nutrition foot pad lesions performance spray-dried porcine plasma stress turkeys
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Abstract

The effect of feeding spray dried porcine plasma (SDPP) to male turkeys during the first 4 weeks of life was evaluated at 20 weeks of age. A total of 648 male Hybrid Converter day-old turkeys were divided into two groups of 9 replicate pens of 36 birds each, and fed a commercial- type program of 7 diet phases. In phase 1 birds were fed a corn-soybean meal Control diet for 4 weeks, or a diet with 2% SDPP of similar nutrient density. Thereafter, both groups were fed common diets until the end of the trial at 20 weeks of age. At 4 weeks of age, birds were subjected to heat stress and crowding for a period of 24 hrs to simulate the stress induced commercially when moved from the brooder house into a grow-out building. Poults fed SDPP had greater body weight (BW) and body weight gain at 6 (p<0.05) and at 9 weeks of age (p<0.10). At 20 weeks of age, BW of turkeys fed SDPP vs Control was not different. However, the European Productivity Index (EPI) that incorporates final body weight, feed conversion ratio and livability, tended to be higher (p<0.10) for the SDPP group (EPI = 545 vs 529, respectively) because of the higher livability trend exhibited in SDPP group (96.91 vs 94.75%, respectively). Likewise, birds fed SDPP showed significantly lower frequency of foot pad lesions vs Controls (p<0.05) by the end of the study. In conclusion, SDPP fed early in life can reduce stress, improve performance and reduce incidence of foot pad lesions in turkeys.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Kozłowski
1
A. Drażbo
1
J. Campbell
2
R. Esquerra
2
P. Konieczka
1
J. Polo
2 3
  1. Department of Poultry Science and Apiculture, Faculty of Animal Bioengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  2. APC, LLC. Ankeny, IA, 50021. USA
  3. APC Europe, SLU. Avda. Sant Julià 246-258. P.I. El Congost, 08403, Granollers, Spain
4 Immunological parameters of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with Flavobacterium psychrophilum gill infection
P. Schulz , J. Pajdak-Czaus , K. Kazuń , B. Kazuń , K. Duk , A.K. Siwicki
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 347-354 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149366
Keywords: atypical bacterial gill disease cellular immunity Flavobacteriaceae humoralimmunity innate immunity
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Abstract

Flavobacterium psychrophilum, the etiological agent of bacterial coldwater disease and rainbow trout fry syndrome, causes great economic losses in salmonid aquaculture worldwide but the influence of this bacterium on non-specific immunity in fish and the development of disease is uncertain. In our studies rainbow trout were diagnosed with gill infections caused by the bacterium after experiencing mortality in one of the fish farm’s tanks. For 6 weeks, we assessed the immunity parameters in affected fish. The activity of lysozyme and ceruloplasmin, as well as the level of total protein and immunoglobulins in fish serum were measured. Also, spleen phagocyte respiratory burst and potential killing activity, as well as head kidney lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide were determined. Almost all tested immunological parameters except for ceruloplasmin activity were reduced compared to the control group. F. psychrophilum seems to have mechanisms that allow it to evade the fish’s immune system and suppress the basic non-specific humoral and cellular defense mechanisms of the infected fish.
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Authors and Affiliations

P. Schulz
1
J. Pajdak-Czaus
2
K. Kazuń
1
B. Kazuń
1
K. Duk
2
A.K. Siwicki
3
  1. Department of Ichthyopathology and Fish Health Prevention, National Inland Fisheries Research Institute, 05-500 Żabieniec, Poland
  2. Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  3. Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory ALAB plus – ALAB bioscience, Warsaw, Poland
5 Could Serum Collectin-11, surfactant protein-A and D be suitable biomarkers for assessing pulmonary damage caused by Rhodococcus equi infection in foals on large farms?
G. Ekinci , O. Deniz , E. Tüfekci , M.C. Timur , A.C. Onmaz , V. Günes , M. Citil , İ. Keles , R.V.D. Hoven
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 355-362 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149367
Keywords: Collectin-11 foal pneumonia Rhodococcus equi surfactant protein A surfactantprotein D
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Abstract

Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) is a primary cause of pyogranulomatous pneumonia of foals between three weeks and five months of age. Early diagnosis of rhodococcal pneumonia has always been considered a preferable approach as it can lead to more successful treatment and better outcomes. Horse stud farms where the disease is common, neonatal foals are subjected to tests such as complete blood count and fibrinogen analysis at certain intervals. However, new biomarkers are needed in addition to blood count and fibrinogen measurement in this field for early diagnosis of diseases. Based on this need, in this study, the diagnostic importance of CL-11, SP-A, SP-D was investigated for the early diagnosis of pneumonia in foals naturally infected with R. equi. In a case-control design, fourteen 1-5 month-old foals with proven R. equi pyogranulomatous pneumonia and 10 healthy 1-5 month-old control foals were enrolled in this study. The median white blood cell count (WBC) and fibrinogen concentration in the case group were significantly higher than in the control group. The median CL-11, SP-A, and SP-D concentrations in the case group were also significantly higher than in the control group. However, there were overlaps in concentrations between groups for SP-A and SP-D. There was less overlap between the groups for the CL-11 concentration. The CL-11 assay was sufficiently accurate but over-diagnosed R. equi infection. The correlation plot between fibrinogen and CL-11 concentrations shows that this problem may be solved if CL-11 is used as the first biomarker and fibrinogen as the second check for those foals with CL-11 serum levels >0.8 and ≤1.5 ng/mL. As a result, in this study, it is recommended to use CL-11 together with fibrinogen to obtain more accurate results in diagnosing pyogranulomatous pneumonia caused by R. equi in foals on large horse stud farms.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Ekinci
1
O. Deniz
2 3
E. Tüfekci
1
M.C. Timur
4
A.C. Onmaz
1
V. Günes
1
M. Citil
1
İ. Keles
1
R.V.D. Hoven
5
  1. Erciyes University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 38280, Kayseri, Türkiye
  2. Kastamonu University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, 37200, Merkez, Kastamonu, Türkiye
  3. Jockey Club of Türkiye, Izmit Central Covering Station, 41310, Izmit-Kocaeli, Türkiye
  4. Jockey Club of Turkey, Equine Health and Veterinary Services, Head Office, 34144, Bakırköy, Istanbul, Türkiye
  5. Department of Companion Animals and Horses, University Equine Hospital, Vetmeduni Vienna, Vienna, Austria
6 Potential molecular targets and pathways of a traditional Chinese medicine formula for bovine endometritis identified by network pharmacology
Q. Li , Zh. Cao , X. Ling , P. Sun , W. Yin , K. Fan , N. Sun , H. Li
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 363-377 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151730
Keywords: endometritis Chinese herbal medicines Yimucao formula (YMF) network pharmacology
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Abstract

Bovine endometritis has become a persistent issue in the global dairy business, resulting in huge economic losses. Due to their numerous positive benefits, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable pharmacological potential against endometritis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects and elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the Yimucao formula (YMF) that involves five herbs in lactation cows under endometritis conditions. Initially, the possible impacts of YMF on cows with endometritis were assessed. Then, using network pharmacology, potential molecular processes by which the YMF prevents endometritis were suggested. The findings demonstrated a considerable improvement in endometritis- related clinical complaints following YMF treatment. Mechanically, 150 active compounds were identified from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP); of these, quercetin, kaempferol, beta-sitosterol, apigenin, isorhamnetin, and sitogluside were the most prevalent active substances. The NCBI gene, GeneCard, and OMIM databases had 110 genes linked to endometritis. The intersection of these targets with the 213 active ingredient targets produced 17 common targets, of which BCL2, IL-6, MMP9, HIF1α, TNF, IL-1β, and ICAM1 were the top 7 core targets. According to the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment data, atherosclerosis, fluid shear stress, and the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway are the primary causes of YMF’s anti-endometritis action. Finally, our results indicate that the YMF works on endometritis through various and multi-targeted signaling pathways, which provide reference for clinical practice, based on network pharmacology and molecular docking.
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Authors and Affiliations

Q. Li
1
Zh. Cao
1
X. Ling
1
P. Sun
1
W. Yin
1
K. Fan
2
N. Sun
1
H. Li
1
  1. Shanxi Key Lab. for Modernization of TCVM, College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
  2. Laboratory Animal Center, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China
7 Montelukast potentiates the relaxing effect of nifedipine in the porcine myometrium
W. Markiewicz , A. Łukawska , N. Smolińska , O. Yilmaz , A. Burmańczuk , J.J. Jaroszewski
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 379-388 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151731
Keywords: montelukast nifedipine uterine contractility gilts
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Abstract

This study analysed the influence of montelukast (MON), a cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonist, and nifedipine, an L‐type voltage‐gated Ca2+ channel blocker, on the contractility of the porcine uterine smooth muscle. Myometrial strips were collected from the sexually immature (n=8), cyclic (12-14 days of the oestrous cycle; n=8) and pregnant (27-28 days of pregnancy; n=8) gilts and stimulated with a) MON or nifedipine at concentrations of 10-8-10-4 M and b) increasing concentrations of nifedipine after previous administration of MON at a concentration of 10-4 M. The changes in the tension, amplitude and frequency of contractions were determined with the Hugo Sachs Elektronik equipment for measuring isometric contractions. Stimulation of the uterine strips with high concentrations of MON significantly reduced the amplitude of contractions in both the cyclic and pregnant group and the frequency of contractions in the pregnant group. In high concentrations, nifedipine significantly decreased the amplitude and frequency of contractions in all examined groups. Nifedipine administered after MON pre-treatment significantly decreased the tension in the pregnant group and the amplitude and frequency of contractions in all examined groups; this effect was more evident in comparison with nifedipine used alone. The results obtained indicate that the influence of MON and nifedipine on the contractile activity of the porcine uterus is dependent on the physiological status of the animal. Moreover, the blockage of the CysLT1 receptor enhances the relaxing effect of nifedipine.
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Authors and Affiliations

W. Markiewicz
1
A. Łukawska
1
N. Smolińska
2
O. Yilmaz
3
A. Burmańczuk
4
J.J. Jaroszewski
1
  1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
  2. Department of Animal Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 1A, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
  3. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, ANS Campus, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
  4. Sub-Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Environmental Protection, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 12 Akademicka St., 20-950 Lublin, Poland
8 Molecular detection and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. from shelter dogs and cats in Van, Turkey: First report of ST10 in cats and ST1, ST10 and ST30 in dogs
A. Ayan , B. Aslan Çelik , Ö.Y. Çelik , A.B. Yılmaz , Ö. Orunç Kılınç , Ö. Oktay Ayan
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 389-395 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151732
Keywords: Blastocystis sp. phylogeny cat dog zoonos Turkey
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Abstract

Blastocystis is an intestinal protist commonly found in humans and many different animal species. It is probably the most common enteric parasite with an estimated one billion infections worldwide. The fecal materials for this study were collected from 100 cats and 200 dogs different age and sex in shelter in Van, Turkey. DNA extraction, PCR amplification and sequence analysis were performed on the fecal samples. As a result, a prevalence of 1% (1/100) in cats and 1.5% (3/200) in dogs was detected. The prevalence was higher in both cats and dogs, in age groups younger than one year and in females according to gender. Sequence analysis revealed Blastocystis sp. ST10 in cats and Blastocystis sp. ST1, ST10 and ST30 in dogs. The sequences obtained were deposited in Genbank. In conclusion, stray cats and dogs may be a source of infection for other cats and dogs, and the detection of zoonotic ST1 in dogs suggests that dogs may be a reservoir for human infection.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Ayan
1
B. Aslan Çelik
2
Ö.Y. Çelik
3
A.B. Yılmaz
4
Ö. Orunç Kılınç
5
Ö. Oktay Ayan
6
  1. Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
  2. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
  3. Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Türkiye
  4. Faculty of Health, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
  5. Özalp Vocational School, Van Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Türkiye
  6. Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Türkiye
9 Occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in farrow-to-finish pig farms in Bulgaria
G. Krumova-Valcheva , G. Mateva , M. Milanov , A. Dimitrova , E. Gyurova , H. Daskalov
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 397-405 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151733
Keywords: antimicrobial resistance farrow-to-finish pig farms finishers multidrug resistance Salmonella spp.
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Abstract

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic and foodborne pathogen. It is spread worldwide and represents a public health risk. Pigs are a significant reservoir and are frequently subclinical carriers. The aim of this study was to detect the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates being the five most important for public health Salmonella serovars in fattening pigs in Bulgaria. The isolation of Salmonella spp. was carried out according to EN ISO 6579-1 for the detection of Salmonella bacteria in feces and Salmonella serotyping following the Kauffmann-White scheme. All confirmed S. enterica isolates were analysed by the disk-diffusion method for susceptibility to 14 antimicrobials. Salmonella enterica was detected in 13 out of 32 tested farms in Bulgaria. The overall percentage of Salmonella positive pooled fecal samples was 6.8% (43 of 630 samples). The highest occurrence was present in fattening pigs aged between 121-180 days (16.3%; 20/123), followed by dry sows (6.5%; 4/62) and gilts (4.8%; 12/248). About 75% of the isolated strains belonged to three serotypes: Salmonella Infantis (41.9%), Salmonella Give (16.3%) and Salmonella Typhimurium monophasic (16.3%). All the tested isolates were resistant to Tilmicosin (100%), 88.4% to Ampicillin, followed by 69.8% to Tiamulin, 25.6% to Amoxicillin and Chlortetracycline. Multidrug resistance was recorded in 62.8 % of the tested strains. This study reports data regarding the circulation of the most important for public health five Salmonella serovars (S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium, S. Typhimurium monophasic, S. Infantis and S. Derby) in farrow-to-finish pig farms in Bulgaria and represent 74.4% of the total Salmonella spp. isolates. This phenomenon has critical effects for the health of consumers and therefore represents a key “one health” issue.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Krumova-Valcheva
1
G. Mateva
1
M. Milanov
1
A. Dimitrova
2
E. Gyurova
1
H. Daskalov
1
  1. National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, National Food Safety Center, 15 Pencho Slaveykov blvd, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
  2. National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, National Center for Animal Health, 15 Pencho Slaveykov blvd, 1606, Sofia, Bulgaria
10 CpG islands: Features and distribution in the genomes of porcine parvovirus
M.-S. Xu , Z.-K. Zhou , R.-Y. Xiong , L.-B. Zhang , C.-Q. Yu , Q. Liu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 407-418 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151734
Keywords: CpG islands DNA methylation porcine parvovirus
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Abstract

Porcine parvovirus disease is a reproductive disorder caused by the porcine parvovirus (PPV) in sows and is characterised by miscarriage, stillbirth and mummification in pregnant sows. Porcine parvovirus disease poses a significant threat to pork herds and seriously hinders healthy and sustainable development of the pig farming industry. Currently, there is no effective treatment for porcine parvovirus disease except for prevention and control measures. Based on genotype differences, PPV can be classified into at least eight subtypes, PPV1-PPV8. Epigenetic mechanisms, particularly cytosine methylation of cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) dinucleotides, are proven to have a significant impact on the life cycle of various viruses. Therefore, we selected the PPV genome as the research object and analysed the number, distribution and length of CpG islands in the genome of strains PPV1-PPV8. PPV1-6 had AT rich genomes (GC content ≤50%), whereas PPV7 had a GC content >50%. PPV1, PPV4, PPV5 and PPV6 contained fewer CpG islands (1-5), PPV7 contained moderate CpG islands (6-11) and PPV2 and PPV3 contained more CpG islands (12-16). This study provides a foundation for exploring novel antiviral treatment strategies from an epigenetic perspective.
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Authors and Affiliations

M.-S. Xu
1
Z.-K. Zhou
2
R.-Y. Xiong
3
L.-B. Zhang
3
C.-Q. Yu
4
Q. Liu
2
  1. Chongqing Three Gorges Vocational College, Wanzhou 404155, China
  2. Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong 637002, China
  3. Nanchong Key Laboratory of Disease Prevention, Control and Detection in Livestock and Poultry, Nanchong Vocational and Technical College, Nanchong 637131, China
  4. Engineering Center of Agricultural Biosafety Assessment and Biotechnology, School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin 644199, China
11 Integrated analysis of differential gene expression profiles in porcine alveolar macrophages induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain 232
G. Wang , J. Li , Y. Liu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 419-430 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151735
Keywords: differential gene expression profiles Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae porcinealveolar macrophage
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Abstract

Porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) can resist infection caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) through phagocytosis. However, it is unknown what gene expression changes occur in PAM after Mhp stimulation. Therefore, the differential gene expression (DGE) profiling technique was employed to analyze differentially expressed genes in PAMs infected with Mhp strain 232. Eighty-six and 889 differentially expressed (DE) genes were identified in PAMs at 12 hours post-infection (hpi) and 24 hpi. Using Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, DE genes were involved in 54 (12 hpi) and 128 (24 hpi) GO enrichment items. Using Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis, DE genes were involved in 101 (12 hpi) and 250 (24 hpi) KEGG enrichment items. Using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA), DE genes were connected, forming 25 internally interacting subnetworks. STRING analysis revealed 131 proteins encoded by DE genes involved in network interactions. Five novel genes were closely related to clinical symptoms and pathological changes of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. This is the first study to investigate PAM transcriptional responses to Mhp infection using the DGE profiling technique.
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Authors and Affiliations

G. Wang
1
J. Li
1
Y. Liu
1
  1. College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
12 Transcriptome analysis reveals heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) induced by tembusu virus infection is associated with immune responses
D. Zhao , K. Han , L. Zhang , X. Huang , Q. Liu. , J. Yang , Y. Liu , Y. Li , F. Wu
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 431-440 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151736
Keywords: heat shock protein 70 innate immune response tembusu virus transcriptome analysis
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Abstract

The outbreak and prevalence of tembusu virus (TMUV) endanger the breeding industry of waterfowls. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism underlying TMUV infection. It was reported that heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) was a positive regulator of the infection of TMUV. In order to study the interactions between HSP70 and host immune response to TMUV infection, TMUV-infected cells with or without HSP70 inhibitor were harvested and subjected to deep sequencing to identify genes differentially expressed. We found 43 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HSP70 inhibitor-treated and mock-treated TMUV-infected DF-1 cells. Of these DEGs, 39 genes were down-regulated significantly. Gene Ontology analysis suggested that the DEGs were mainly involved in biological process, cellular component and molecular function. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis showed that the DEGs mainly related to the activation of innate immune response, including RIG-I-like receptor, toll-like receptor and NF-κB signaling pathway. Also, 12 down-regulated immune-related DEGs were selected for confirmation by reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR verification, all these genes showed consistent expression between the result of reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR and transcriptomic sequencing. These results revealed the important role of HSP70 in facilitating the innate immune response induced by TMUV infection. This is first to access the role of HSP70 in host response to TMUV infection, which provides a basis for further study of the pathogenesis of TMUV and contributes to the elucidation of TMUV-host interactions.
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Authors and Affiliations

D. Zhao
1 2 3 4
K. Han
1 4
L. Zhang
1 4
X. Huang
1 4
Q. Liu.
1 4
J. Yang
1 4
Y. Liu
1 4
Y. Li
1 4
F. Wu
1 4
  1. Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 50 Zhongling Street, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, PR China
  2. College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Tongwei Road, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province 210095, PR China
  3. Institute of life sciences, Jiangsu University, No. 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, 212013, PR China
  4. Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, 210014, PR China
13 Use of immunocontraception in the regulation of male goat sexual activity
A. Hochmanova , R. Novotny , I. Simkova , M. Plesko , V. Bína , E. Indrova
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 441-450 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151737
Keywords: buck Improvac immunocontraception sperm
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Abstract

This study focused on continuous monitoring of the immunocontraceptive effect of Improvac ® vaccine on the sexual activity of male goats determined by measuring plasma testosterone levels, testicular biometric and ejaculate examination. The animals in the experimental group (n=12) were administered two doses of 2 ml of Improvac® at a four-week interval; the animals in the control group (n=5) received 2 ml of saline. Blood collection, semen collection and testicular measurements were performed at 14-day intervals. A total of 8 samples were collected from each animal. In 9 animals a significant decrease (p<0.05) in testosterone concentration was observed two weeks after the first dose. At the end of the experiment (16 weeks), eight goats reached a testosterone concentration below the detection limit and one goat had a concentration of 0.47nmol/L. The testicular size was significantly (p<0.01) smaller four weeks after the first dose. At the end of the experiment, the testicular size was approximately three times smaller (p<0.001). Motility was 0% in two goats at the end of the experiment, 1% in one animal and 10% in one animal. The median sperm concentration was significantly lower (p<0.01) at the end of the study. A significant (p<0.0001) shift in the percentage of morphological changes was recorded eight weeks after the first administration. At the end of the study, there were five animals with azoospermia, two with 100% morphologically altered sperm, one with 99% and one with 96% morphologically altered sperm. In the three male goats, a significant skin reaction occurred after the first application, which resulted in an inadequate response to the treatment. Our results show that Improvac had a significant effect on the sexual function and sperm production in 9 out of 12 male goats.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Hochmanova
1
R. Novotny
1
I. Simkova
1
M. Plesko
1
V. Bína
2
E. Indrova
1
  1. Ruminant and Swine Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinary University Brno, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 42 Brno, Czech Republic
  2. Faculty of Management, Prague University of Economics and Business, Jarošovská 1117/II, 377 01 Jindřichův Hradec, Czech Republic
14 Escherichia coli in diarrhoeic lambs: Prevalence, virulence and antibiotic resistance
T. Gurjar , R. Singathia , D.K. Sharma , A. Gaurav , S. Solanki , M. Kumari , L. Gautam , K. Rathore
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 451-457 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151740
Keywords: diarrhoeic lambs Escherichia coli virulence genes
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Abstract

The present study aimed to detect the prevalence, virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes profile of Escherichia coli isolated from diarrhoeic lambs. A total of 61 faecal samples were collected from diarrhoeic lambs. The presence of various virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates was determined by the use of PCR. In total, 46 E. coli isolates were recovered from 61 rectal swabs of diarrhoeic lambs. Out of these 46 isolates, PCR showed that seven isolates (15.22%) carried the stx1 or stx2 gene and were found positive for Shiga-toxinproducing E. coli (STEC). Four isolates (8.70%) were found to be Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and all these EPEC isolates were atypical EPEC pathotypes. STEC and intimin-positive isolates were recovered only from one isolate, hence, out of 46 isolates, only one isolate (2.17%) was confirmed as Enterohaemorrhagic E. coli. The lt and st genes were not detected in any of the E. coli isolates recovered from field samples. Therefore, all the isolates were confirmed as non-Enterotoxigenic E. coli. Further, thirty-five isolates (76.09%) were found to be Entero- -aggregative E. coli pathotypes. All the E. coli isolates were also tested for antimicrobial resistance against 15 different antibiotics. All the E. coli isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin- G, cephalothins, and azithromycin and the majority of isolates of E. coli were sensitive to chloramphenicol, ofloxacin, and sulfafurazole. Two antibiotic resistance genes i.e. tetA and blaTEM were detected in 10.87% (n=5/46) and 28.26% (n=13/46) of E. coli isolates, respectively.
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Authors and Affiliations

T. Gurjar
1
R. Singathia
1
D.K. Sharma
1
A. Gaurav
2
S. Solanki
1
M. Kumari
3
L. Gautam
4
K. Rathore
1
  1. Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (RAJUVAS) Rajasthan, India
  2. Department of Veterinary Public Health and Epidemiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur (RAJUVAS), Rajasthan, India
  3. Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur (RAJUVAS), Rajasthan, India
  4. Mega Sheep Seed Project (Sonadi Unit), ICAR-CSWRI- Avikanagar, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Udaipur (RAJUVAS), Rajasthan, India
15 Ameliorative effects of ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) on testicular tissue of rats exposed to bisphenol A
T.C. Acısu , S.A. Akarsu , M. Sönmez , A. Yüce , S. Çeribaşı , S. Dayan Cinkara , Ş. Özer Kaya , G. Türk , S. Gür
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 459-467 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151741
Keywords: bisphenol A ganoderma lucidum rat sperm toxicity
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Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine disrupting chemical, is an environmental toxicant widely used in the production of polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins and paints. Ganoderma lucidum (GDL) is a plant with biological activities widely used in Chinese medicine. The present study aims to determine the effects of GDL against testicular dysfunction in rats exposed to BPA. For this purpose, a total of 24 Sprague Dawley rats, 6 rats in each group, were used in the study. Rats were administered 25 mg/kg/bw BPA and 300 mg/kg/bw GDL by oral gavage for 8 weeks. After the treatments, the rats were sacrificed, and testicular tissues were removed. One of the testes was used for biochemical analyses and the other for histopathologic examinations. The caudal part of the epididymis was trimmed, and semen was obtained. As a result, BPA increased MDA level in blood and testicular tissue, while it decreased CAT, GPx activity and GSH level. GDL treatment provided protection from the impaired oxidant balance (p<0.001). Furthermore, BPA caused decreased epididymal sperm motility and density, vesicular seminalis weight and blood testosterone levels, increased testicular and epididymal tissue weight (p<0.001). Histopathological examination revealed that BPA caused narrowing in testicular tubules and apoptosis, decreased germinal cell thickness and androgen receptor number. It was determined that GDL administration preserved testicular histology. As a result, it was determined that BPA caused toxicity in the testicular tissue of rats, whereas GDL administration was ameliorative.
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Authors and Affiliations

T.C. Acısu
1
S.A. Akarsu
2
M. Sönmez
1
A. Yüce
3
S. Çeribaşı
4
S. Dayan Cinkara
1
Ş. Özer Kaya
1
G. Türk
1
S. Gür
  1. Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
  2. Department of Reproduction and Artificial Insemination, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
  3. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
  4. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Fırat University, 23119, Elazığ, Turkey
16 Berberine enhances the antibacterial activity of thymoquinone, carvacrol and thymol against multi-drug resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria
K. Puk , L. Guz , A. Pastuszka
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 469-473 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151738
Keywords: atypical Mycobacterium multi-drug resistant mycobacteria nontuberculous mycobacteria
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of thymoquinone (TQ), carvacrol (CAR) and thymol (TYM) against multi-drug resistant nontuberculous mycobacteria (MDR-NTM), alone and in combination with berberine (BER). Antimicrobial activity was first evaluated at concentrations from 8 to 512 μg/mL. Each of the compounds tested exhibited good activity against nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolated from fish, with MIC values of 32-128 μg/mL. In this study, we have shown for the first time the synergistic efficacy of BER with CAR, TYM or TQ against NTM strains. Thus, the combination of these compounds with BER seems to be a new approach for combating MDR-NTM strains.
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Authors and Affiliations

K. Puk
1
L. Guz
1
A. Pastuszka
1
  1. Department of Biology and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
17 Evaluation of susceptibility to pyrazinamide and streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from European bison (Bison bonasus caucasicus) in the Bieszczady Mountains (Southern Poland)
A. Didkowska , M. Krajewska-Wędzina , A. Nowakiewicz , B. Orłowska , M. Bochniarz , M. Kozińska , W. Wójcik , M. Weiner , K. Anusz
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 475-479 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151739
Keywords: isoniazid ethambutol pyrazinamide rifampin streptomycin Mycobacterium caprae SB2391 tuberculosis European bison Poland
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Abstract

The material for drug resistance testing was 28 strains of Mycobacterium caprae isolated from tissue collected post mortem from a free-living Bieszczady Mountain European bison (Bison bonasus caucasicus) herd. All drug susceptibility tests were carried out on an automated Bactec mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) 960 system, using Bactec MGIT 960 streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampin and ethambutol (S.I.R.E.) and Bactec MGIT 960 PZA kits. The analyzed M. caprae strains demonstrated susceptibility to PZA and the complement of four basic anti-mycobacterial drugs: S.I.R.E. Considering that we are dealing with multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant tuberculosis more and more often, and that no new drugs have been discovered or developed for over 60 years, the study of drug resistance in free-living animal strains of MTBC is of great importance for the deepening and broadening of our knowledge of TB.
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Authors and Affiliations

A. Didkowska
1
M. Krajewska-Wędzina
2
A. Nowakiewicz
2
B. Orłowska
1
M. Bochniarz
2
M. Kozińska
3
W. Wójcik
4
M. Weiner
5
K. Anusz
1
  1. Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
  3. Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warszawa, Poland
  4. Veterinary Clinic ANIMED, Tuwima 8, 38-300 Gorlice, Poland
  5. Pope John Paul II State School of Higher Education, 21-500 Biała Podlaska, Poland
18 Understanding ultrasonographic renal length-to-aorta ratio in Sighthounds: A breed specific study in Chippiparai dogs
T.P. Lenka , G. Senthil Kumar , D. Sumathi , S. Saravanan , A. Serma Saravana Pandian , R. Ravi
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 481-485 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151742
Keywords: Breed-specific Chippiparai kidneys kidney length to aorta ratio sighthounds
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Abstract

Ultrasonographic renal length-to-aorta ratio is an ideal reflection of renal health in dogs. Earlier studies have highlighted the need for breed-specific reference intervals for this parameter. The aim of this study was to establish a breed-specific reference interval of kidney length to aorta ratio (KL:Ao) in Chippiparai dogs, a breed of Indian sighthounds. The KL:Ao ratio was recorded in 45 Chippiparai dogs, classified into 3 age groups. A narrow breed specific range of 7.07 to 7.74 was arrived at for adult Chippiparai dogs, and a strong relationship between age and body weight and KL:Ao was observed using regression analysis. These findings can be extrapolated and utilized by other sighthounds.
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Bibliography


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Authors and Affiliations

T.P. Lenka
1
G. Senthil Kumar
2
D. Sumathi
1
S. Saravanan
3
A. Serma Saravana Pandian
4
R. Ravi
1
  1. Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute Namakkal, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637002, India
  2. Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, Veterinary College and Research Institute Udumulpet, Udumulpet, Tamil Nadu 642 126, India
  3. Department of Veterinary Public Health & Epidemiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute Namakkal, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637002, India
  4. Department of Animal Husbandry Statistics and Computer Applications, Veterinary College and Research Institute Namakkal, Namakkal, Tamil Nadu 637002, India
19 Assessment of left atrial size, left atrial volume and left ventricular function, and its relation to spontaneous echocardiographic contrast in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A preliminary study
E. Colakoglu , K. Sevim , U. Kaya
Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences | 2024 | vol. 27 | No 3 | 487-490 | DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.151743
Keywords: cat cardiomyopathy fractional area change left atrial fractional shortening thromboembolism
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between spontaneous echocardiographic contrast (SEC) and left atrial (LA) parameters such as size, volume, and function in cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Cats were assigned into following groups: clinically healthy cats (n=8), HCM without SEC (n=12), and HCM with SEC (n=8). Left atrial shortening fraction (LAFS%) and left atrial fractional area change (LAFAC) had statistical significance between groups. In conclusion, compared to the healthy individuals, the presence of a decreased trend in levels of LAFS% and LAFAC in HCMSEC cats could be a predictive marker for the thromboembolic risk assessment. Further studies enrolling the asymptomatic HCM cats need to be conducted to define a cut-off value of LAFS% and LAFAC before the SEC formation.
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Authors and Affiliations

E. Colakoglu
1
K. Sevim
1
U. Kaya
2
  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, 06070, Ankara, Turkey
  2. Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, 31060, Hatay, Turkey

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