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Archives of Civil Engineering

Archives of Civil Engineering

Opis
Archives of Civil Engineering, quarterly journal of the Polish Academy of Sciences (“Committee for Civil and Water Engineering”) and Warsaw University of Technology (“Faculty of Civil Engineering) publish, exclusively in English, original scientific articles of the theoretical, experimental, numerical and practical nature. These can be research and review papers as well as case studies from all branches of Civil Engineering.

The main fields of our interest are related to: structural mechanics, soil mechanics, foundations, brick, concrete, timber, steel, glass and composites polymer structures, hydro-technical objects, bridges, rail and road structures, building physics, construction management, building materials, transportation, land surveying, building services and education of civil engineers.

With long history, dated to 1954, the periodical is available both in electronic and traditional version. The maximum number of papers per volume is 40. We proudly obtained the score of 100 points from the Ministry of Science and Academic Education.


IMPACT FACTOR 2023: 1.1

CiteScore metrics from Scopus, CiteScore 2023: 1.5
SCImago Journal Rank ( SJR) 2023: 0.273
Source Normalized Impact per Paper ( SNIP) 2023: 0.511


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ISSN
ISSN 1230-2945
Wydawcy
WARSAW UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING and COMMITTEE FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING POLISH ACADEMY OF SCIENCES

Editor-in-Chief
Henryk Zobel ORCID logo0000-0002-4227-0506, Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, The Institute of Roads and Bridges, Warsaw


Deputy/Managing Editors:

Dorota Walesiak

Ludomir Szubert


Scientific Advisory Committee:

Huaming An, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China

José Aguiar, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal

Jan Bień, Wrocław University of Technology, Poland

Thomas Bock, School of Engineering, TU Munich, Germany

Luc Courard, University of Liège, Belgium

Carlos Chastre, University of Lisbon, Portugal

Lech Czarnecki, Building Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland

Natalia Distefano, University of Catania, Italy

Łukasz Drobiec, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland

Mariaenrica Frigione, University of Salento, Lecce, Italy

Kazimierz Furtak, Cracow University of Technology, Poland

Stanisław Gaca, Cracow University of Technology, Poland

Andrzej Garbacz, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Dariusz Gawin, Lodz University of Technology, Poland

Marian Giżejowski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Anna Halicka, Lublin University of Technology, Poland

Liang He, Chongqing Jiaotong University, China

Zdenek Kala, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic

Oleg Kapliński, Poznan University of Technology, Poland

Maria Kaszyńska, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland

Zbigniew Kledyński, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Jana Korytarova, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic

Aleksander Kozłowski, Rzeszow University of Technology, Poland

Marian Kwietniewski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Raffaele Landolfo, University of Naples, Italy

Zbigniew Lechowicz, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland

Cezary Madryas, Wroclaw University of Technology ,Poland

Jacek Mąkinia, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland

Peter Mesaros, Kosice University of Technology, Slovakia

Radosław Michałowski, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA

Ehsan Noroozinejad Farsangi, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Iran

Andrzej S. Nowak, University of Auburn, Alabama, USA

Hartmut Pasternak, Brandenburg Technical University, Cottbus, Germany

Daniele Peila, Polytechnic University of Turin, Italy

Eugenio Pellicier, Valencia Polytechnic University, Spain

Adam Podhorecki, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland

Wojciech Radomski, University of Science and Technology, Bydgoszcz, Poland

Elżbieta Radziszewska - Zielina, Cracow University of Technology, Poland

Diogo Ribeiro, Polytechnic of Porto/School of Engineering, Portugal

Anna Siemińska - Lewandowska, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Anna Sobotka, AGH University of Science and Technology, Poland

Edward Szczechowiak, Poznan University of Technology, Poland

Elżbieta Szmigiera, Warsaw University of Technology ,Poland

Antoni Szydło, Wroclaw University of Technology, Poland

Wiesław Trąmpczyński, Kielce University of Technology, Poland

Andrzej Truty, Cracow University of Technology, Poland

Thomas Ummenhofer, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany

Ru Wang, Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Krzysztof Wilde, Gdansk University of Technology, Poland

Piotr Woyciechowski, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

Paulo Vila Real, University of Aveiro, Portugal

Giulia Viggiani, Cambridge University, United Kingdom

Jenny Yan, China Railway Academy

Hua-Ping Wan, Zhejiang University, China

Katarzyna Zabielska - Adamska, Bialystok University of Technology, Poland

Edmundas K. Zavadskas, Vilnius Gediminas Technical, Lithuania

Alphose Zingoni, University of Cape Town, South Africa


Politechnika Warszawska

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Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warszawa, Polska

Pokój 618; Telefon 22 234 62 84

e-mail: ace.editor@pw.edu.pl

website: http://ace.il.pw.edu.pl

 

 

 

Archives of Civil Engineering is an open access journal with all content available with no charge in full text version.

The journal content is available under the licencse CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.
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Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2

1 Strength and durability characteristics of concretes with crushed side window glass as partial aggregate substitution
Bogdan Langier , Jacek Katzer , Maciej Major , Jacek Halbiniak , Izabela Major
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 5-21 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145249
Słowa kluczowe: glass recycling substitution waste aggregate
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Abstrakt

Taking into account the numerous previous attempts to use waste glass for concrete production, an approach was proposed based solely on car side window glass waste. Only side window waste emerging during the production of car side windows was used during the research program. In this way, all key properties of the waste glass were under control (purity, granulometric properties, etc.). Two types of concretes with crushed side window glass, playing the role of coarse aggregate, were created. Concretes were differentiated by the amount of added crushed side window glass, which replaced 10–50% of the natural aggregate. Created concretes were thoroughly tested in the state of both a fresh mix and hardened composite. Consistency and air content of fresh mixes were tested. Slump was ranging from 15 mm to 20 mm and air content was ranging from 2.5% to 3.1%. Hardened composites were used to test apparent density, compressive strength, water absorption, water-tightness and resistance to freeze–thaw cycles. It was proven that concrete with side window glass as partial aggregate substitution is characterized by satisfactory mechanical properties (compressive strength after 28 days of curing was ranging from 51.9 MPa to 54.7 MPa), enabling its application as ordinary structural concrete. Properties of both fresh concrete mixes and hardened concretes based on crushed side window glass are similar to a reference concrete. It was proved that it is possible to replace up to 50% of natural coarse aggregate by crushed side window glass. Possible applications of the concretes in question were proposed. Experience gained during the research program is likely to be useful for tests of using crushed side window glass sourced from decommissioned cars and trucks. Areas where future research is needed are indicated.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Bogdan Langier
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Katzer
2
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Major
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Halbiniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Izabela Major
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Częstochowa University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, ul. Dąbrowskiego 69, 42-201 Częstochowa, Poland
  2. University ofWarmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Faculty of Geoengineering, ul. Oczapowskiego 2,10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
2 Analysis of technology, time and costs of three methods of building a single-family house: traditional brick, reinforced concrete prefabrication, timber frame
Grzegorz Wrzesiński , Katarzyna Pawluk , Marzena Lendo-Siwicka , Jan Kowalski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 23-39 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145250
Słowa kluczowe: single-family house traditionally brick house prefabricated reinforced concrete house timber frame house construction time construction cost
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Abstrakt

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of technology, time and costs of three methods of building a single-family house; traditional brick, reinforced concrete prefabrication and timber frame. The goal of this study was to determine if prefabricated and timber frame building methods and materials have the potential to replace traditional method of construction in the context of cost and time. For this purpose, a qualitative analysis was performed, including a list of benefits of each of the analysed construction technologies and a quantitative analysis in which the cost of finished houses per 1 m2 of usable area was compared. The analyses were conducted for two single-family houses with similar characteristics using scheduling and cost estimation software. The conducted analyses have shown that the shortest time to build a house is in the prefabricated reinforced concrete technology. The used construction technology from ready-made prefabricated elements affects the time of building house and thus, the costs of its construction. The construction time for the house in case of a timber frame structure and made of ready-made reinforced concrete prefabricated elements is similar but the cost of a timber frame structure is much higher. It takes longest time to build a house in traditional brick technology and requires the involvement of the largest financial resources from all three analysed construction technologies. Despite this, traditional brick technology is the most used in construction in Poland and other Central and Easter Europe countries. This is due to the widespread belief of investors about the durability of a building made in this technology and the habits of investors resulting from a long-standing tradition of construction. However, the study’s results in the world showed that a change in build technology is a step in addressing the concerns of poor quality and reduce construction costs and time, increasing the construction sector’s productivity and sustainability.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Grzegorz Wrzesiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Pawluk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marzena Lendo-Siwicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Kowalski
1
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Institute of Civil Engineering, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
3 Application of the internet of things (IoT) technology for controlling air purification in the apartment
Wojciech Drozd , Marcin Kowalik
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 41-52 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145251
Słowa kluczowe: Internet of Things (IoT) housing construction
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Abstrakt

Persistent air pollution (SMOG) in large cities in countries based on energy and coal heating is a serious and growing problem. Improving air quality is currently the main challenge for the metropolises of Central and Eastern Europe. Despite intensive efforts, the average annual concentration of PM2.5 in this area exceeds the standard recommended by the World Health Organization (recommended standard – 25 μg). Data from environmental institutions show that, for example, in Kraków (Poland), the number of days with PM 2.5 concentrations drastically exceeding the permissible standards in the last year was 96. The article describes the method of controlling air purification in the apartment using automation devices, control software and applications available for smartphones, tablets and personal computers. The presented solution uses technologies that can use free (alternative) software, extending the functionality of devices and increasing the flexibility of the control system. The main goal is to maximize the comfort of home users and to minimize the cost of electricity consumption. Additionally, the existing air cleaning devices are adapted to the needs of the air cleaning control system.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wojciech Drozd
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Kowalik
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Division of Management in Civil Engineering, ul. Warszawska 24, 31-155 Kraków, Poland
4 Influence of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer and Recycled Carbon Fibres on the compressive behaviour of self-compacting high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete
Krzysztof Ostrowski , Kazimierz Furtak
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 53-64 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145252
Słowa kluczowe: external reinforcement fibre-reinforced concrete high-performance concrete recycled carbonfibres self-compacting concrete waste processing
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Abstrakt

In recent years, carbon fibres have been extensively used to strengthen concrete structures. In most cases, the lamination process is carried out using epoxy resin as matrix. In some cases, especially when strengthen structural elements made of weak concrete, it is possible to replace the epoxy resin with an inorganic, cement matrix, while at the same time maintaining a sufficient efficiency of strengthen understood as the percentage increase in the compressive strength of concrete samples due to the applied reinforcement in relation to the reference concrete. In these studies, elements of carbon fibres mats that are reinforced with a cement matrix were used as the starting product for fibre recovery. The laminate, which was used to reinforce concrete elements, was detached from the concrete surface and subjected to processing in order to obtain clean carbon fibre scraps without cement matrix. Then, the obtained carbon material, in shaped form, was used to strengthen self-compacting, high performance, fibre reinforced concrete (SCHPFRC). For comparative purposes, this concrete was also strengthened by carbon fibre mats (with one and three layers of CFRP). Each samples were tested in uniaxial compression test. The compressive strength of concrete reinforced with 1 and 3 layers of CFRP was higher by 37.9 and 96.3%, respectively, compared to the reference concrete. On the other hand, the compressive strength of concrete reinforced with 1 and 3 layers of carbon fibre scrapswas higher by 11.8 and 40.1%, respectively. Regardless of the reinforcement technique used, the composite elements showed a higher deformability limit in comparison plain concrete. The obtained results showed that it is possible to reuse carbon fibre to strengthen structural elements made of SCHPFRC effectively, using simple processing methods.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Krzysztof Ostrowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kazimierz Furtak
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Cracow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
5 Settlement of a historic building due to seepage-induced soil deformation
Paweł Popielski , Bartosz Bednarz , Tomasz Majewski , Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 65-82 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145253
Słowa kluczowe: building subsoil seepage in the ground settlement of building seepage-induced deformation
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Abstrakt

The research paper reviews issues associated with the impact of groundwater flow on soil characteristics and parameters, hence, the entire structure of a building set on it.Water seepage through the ground, building subsoil or structural elements of buildings made of soil affects the soil skeleton and may lead to changes in the arrangement of individual grains relative to each other, i.e., a modified soil structure. Soil solid phase (soil skeleton) deformations resulting from seepage forces are called seepage-induced deformations. The article characterizes typical seepage-induced deformations and specifies a criterion defining the beginning of the phenomenon. The case study involved using data on cracks and deformations in a historic building, as well as water seepage in its subsoil. Seepage was analysed, and zones where the seepage process initiation criterion was exceeded, were determined based on subsoil water level monitoring data. The determined zones coincide with the location of building cracks and scratches and confirm the possible cause behind building damage.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paweł Popielski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Bednarz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tomasz Majewski
2 3
ORCID: ORCID
Maciej Niedostatkiewicz
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Building Services, Hydro and Environmental Engineering, Department of Hydro Engineering and Hydraulics, ul. Nowowiejska 20, 00-653 Warsaw, Poland
  2. Gdansk University of Technology, Doctoral School of Implementation, ul. Gabriela Narutowicza11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
  3. Pracownia Projektowo-Inzynierska [Design and Engineering Studio] Tomasz Majewski, Os. Sierakowskich 9B lok. 3. 82-400 Sztum, Poland
  4. Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Concrete Structures, Gdańsk, Poland
6 Characteristics of 13th-century mortars from the tower at Lublin Castle
Beata Klimek
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 83-95 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145254
Słowa kluczowe: historical mortars from the 13th century research Lublin castle tower
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Abstrakt

The tower at Lublin Castle, known as the donjon, is the only monument of Romanesque art on the eastern side of the Vistula River. The cylindrical, brick building is part of the Lublin Castle complex. During contemporary restoration work, the 13th-century walls were uncovered, making it possible to retrieve the original materials. The article presents the mineralogical, chemical and granulometric characteristics. The analytical methodology included: qualitative mineralogical analysis of the whole sample by X-ray diffraction (XRD); morphological studies with elemental evaluation and microanalysis of the binder by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Residue determination of hydrochloric acid-insoluble parts and their granulometric analysis were performed. This methodology enabled to determine the composition of the mortars. It was found that the tested mortars have a similar mineralogical structure, but slightly differ in the proportion of individual components, primarily aggregate fractions. The samples consist mainly of quartz, calcite, and silicates. Moreover, the lime binder of the mortars was shown to be microcrystalline in nature. The aggregate used in historical mortars predominantly consisted of quartz sand and minerals of the feldspar and silicate group. The condition of the mortars requires conservation interventions. The performed characterization of the historic mortars was important for designing compatible restoration mortars.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Beata Klimek
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Department of Conservation and Built Heritage, Nadbystrzycka St. 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
7 FRP strengthening of AAC masonry walls – comparative analysis and discussion selected calculation methods
Marta Kałuża
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 97-110 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145255
Słowa kluczowe: comparative analysis diagonal compression FRP strengthening masonry walls vertical strips
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Abstrakt

The use of FRP materials as external reinforcement of masonry structures has been recognized as an effective and minimally invasive method ofwall strengthening. The available literature and research reports confirmthe positive effect of the strip-like arrangement of composites with a horizontal, diagonal and – as shown in the paper – vertical configuration. The problem here is the proper estimation of the benefits of such FRP reinforcement, namely determining the real increase in shear strength. The paper described selected calculation procedures that can be found in the available literature (proprietary solutions), as well as in the published guidelines for the design of masonry walls strengthening using FRP materials. The results of experimental tests of sheared masonry walls made of AAC blocks and strengthened using vertical strips of carbon and glass fibres are briefly presented. Finally, based on the presented formulae, the values of the theoretical shear force resulted from the FRP contribution were calculated and detailed discussed.
The comparison of the experimental and theoretical shear forces showed that only one of the presented calculation methods gave a high agreement of the results for both carbon and glass sheets. In addition, it was noticed that in two cases the effects of strengthening – depending on the material used – drastically differed, which was not observed in the research.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marta Kałuża
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
8 Modern management methods in the implementation of construction projects on the example of contingency plans
Magdalena Kowacka , Dariusz Skorupka , Agnieszka Bekisz , Dominika Dudziak Gajowiak , Artur Duchaczek
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 111-122 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145256
Słowa kluczowe: construction management contingency plans risk assessment
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Abstrakt

The implementation of processes comprising the overall project management consists in the use of various tools, methods and techniques depending on the type of the project. The knowledge of the industry and the characteristics of construction projects make it possible to select those which, on the one hand, will not cause difficulties for the contractors and on the other, will, in fact, constitute a necessary complement to the technical skills of the project manager. Construction companies face situations that have a profound impact on the failure of projects. Such occurrences include a large number of simultaneously implemented projects, the appointment of a person who knows the project mainly from the implementation side as the project manager, a failure to perform risk analysis and procedures that become irrelevant when deadlines are approaching. After reviewing the available construction projects, analysing the literature, consulting experts and making observations, the authors determined that the majority of difficulties and failures result from omissions or errors that take place during the project planning and implementation stages. The following paper outlines the selected elements of project management, whose application in construction projects may significantly affect their final success and the results obtained. It also includes an example of the use of modern management methods, which certainly include risk management methods. A utilitarian tool addressing the effects of risk analysis is a contingency plan. Contingency may be translated as eventuality, possibility and sometimes also as coincidence.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Magdalena Kowacka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dariusz Skorupka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Agnieszka Bekisz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominika Dudziak Gajowiak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Duchaczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military University of Land Forces, Faculty of Economics, Czajkowskiego St. 109, 51-147 Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, 27 WybrzezeWyspianskiego St., 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
9 Assessment of the technical condition of heritage buildings with the use of fuzzy logic
Marzena Lendo-Siwicka , Roman Trach , Katarzyna Pawluk , Grzegorz Wrzesiński , Ada Żochowska
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 123-140 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145257
Słowa kluczowe: historic buildings fuzzy logic visual method technical condition assessment
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Abstrakt

Construction objects must be protected not only at the stage of their construction, but also during exploitation. Particular attention should be paid to objects included in the list of monuments. The Act on the Protection of Monuments and the Guardianship of Monuments states that any building that is important for history and science can become a heritage building and should therefore be preserved. The aim of this article was to improve the method of visual assessment of the technical condition of heritage buildings with the use of fuzzy logic. The improved method is to facilitate the comparison of assessments of the technical condition of a building performed at intervals specified in the regulations, often by different people. The research was conducted on the basis of technical expertise prepared for five examined buildings that were tenement houses entered in the register of monuments. The use of the visual method provides for the assessment of individual elements of the object by an expert and a verbal description of the elements using a five-point scale. A significant limitation of this method is uncertainty associated with the exact ranges of the acceptable values, as these ranges are subjective and depend on the opinion of an evaluator. The impact of this limitation can be reduced by applying fuzzy logic. In the fuzzy logic model, as input variables the following were applied; assessments of the technical condition of individual elements of the object (underground structure, load-bearing walls, ceilings, roof, other elements) and an integral indicator of the technical condition of the entire historic object, calculated as the output value.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marzena Lendo-Siwicka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Roman Trach
1
ORCID: ORCID
Katarzyna Pawluk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Grzegorz Wrzesiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ada Żochowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Institute of Civil Engineering, ul. Nowoursynowska159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
10 Rock mass classification in highway tunnel engineering during exploration phase and case study
Du Yanqiang , Xie Bing
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 141-153 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145258
Słowa kluczowe: tunnel engineering rock mass classification earth pressure the basic quality method
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Abstrakt

It is the foundation of tunnel engineering to classify the rock mass surrounding tunnels. However, it is not easy to precisely determine the class of rock mass in practice as sufficient geological exploration need to be completed before rock mass classification, and there exists some disputes referring to the rationalization of dozens of methods for rock mass classification through the world. The principles and procedures of the basic quality method, which are widely used in China, are presented in this paper, and the application process of the basic quality method is showed with a project case of Zhongnanshan highway tunnel which has operated in safety for nearly a decade. Then, both the advantages and disadvantages of the basic quality method are analyzed in terms of practical engineering applications. In consideration of the defects of the basic quality method, the concept of the subclassing of surrounding rock in grade III–V is developed in the end and the criterion is given to determine the subclass of rock mass. This study is aimed at providing some useful ideas and a reference for rock classification in highway tunnel engineering.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Du Yanqiang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xie Bing
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, School of Civil Engineering, No. 90 Wangcheng Avenue, Luoyang, China
11 Conservation works in Tanais archaeological site in years 2016–2019
Wojciech Terlikowski , Ewa Sobczyńska , Martyna Gregoriou-Szczepaniak , Kacper Wasilewski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 155-164 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145259
Słowa kluczowe: conservation ancient structures stone structures earth-based mortar
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Abstrakt

The article presents and describes the methodology of the conservation of stone structures that are architectural monuments discovered as part of the work carried out during archaeological excavations in Tanais. The authors’ experiences presented in the article result from many years of cooperation between the Faculty of Civil Engineering at Warsaw University of Technology and the Antiquity of Southeastern Europe Research Centre at the University ofWarsaw. Examples of preserved masonry structures come from an excavation in Tanais near Rostov-on-Don. Works on stone structures located in the area of archaeological excavation are characterised by a unique specificity covering both formal issues, resulting from international standards and agreements regulating the conservation of historic buildings, as well as technical and environmental issues. The primary technical issues include ensuring the safety of further excavation works, protection of masonry structures against the destructive effects of atmospheric conditions and preparing the structure for possible exhibition in archaeological parks organized on the site of excavations. The article presents the procedures that should be used to conserve this type of structure and the specific sustainable technological and material solutions used in the shown objects.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Wojciech Terlikowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ewa Sobczyńska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Martyna Gregoriou-Szczepaniak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kacper Wasilewski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Amii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
12 Construction deviation control method of transverse super large inclined asphalt pavement
Yongzheng Qi , Wengang Ma , Jiesheng Zhang
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 165-176 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145260
Słowa kluczowe: automobile testing ground high-speed loop super-large inclined road surface asphalt pavement paving
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Abstrakt

The speed of test vehicles on the high-speed car track of the automobile test field is very high. Reducing the construction error of asphalt pavement is very important to ensure the safety of the test vehicle. In order to realize the paving of asphalt concrete pavement with super-large lateral inclination in the curve section of the high-speed car track in the automobile test field, a special paving control device and control method for the construction on the curve section with super-large lateral inclination were developed. Use the direction of the hanging hammer under the GPS device of paver to adjust the position of GPS device in real time, so that the geometric centre line of GPS device is always perpendicular to the horizontal plane. The reference control line is preset in the paver operation control device, and the lateral displacement deviation of the paver is adjusted to synchronize the data of the paver control device with the travel route. The precise control of the paver’s forward route is realized, the construction precision of the super-large inclined asphalt pavement on the high-speed car track of the automobile test field is achieved, and the construction efficiency is greatly improved. It has important reference value for similar projects such as automobile testing field and racing track.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yongzheng Qi
1 2
ORCID: ORCID
Wengang Ma
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jiesheng Zhang
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Key Laboratory of Flood & Drought Disaster Defense, the Ministry of Water Resources, Nanjing 210029, China
  2. Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No. 2 Mengxi Road, Zhenjiang 212003, China
  3. Institute of Civil Engineering and Intelligent Management, Nanjing Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211167, China
  4. The First Engineering Co., LTD. of CTCE Group, No. 434 Fuyang North Road, Hefei 230041, China
13 Numerical investigation of steel frame robustness under external sudden column remova
Aleksander Kozlowski , Damian Kukla
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 177-193 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145262
Słowa kluczowe: dynamic analysis external column loss framed structure robustness assessment steel bolted joint sudden column removal
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Abstrakt

Numerical analysis of robustness assessment of steel planar framed structures under sudden external column removal is presented. The analysis is based on the previous experimental and numerical analyzes conducted in the Ph.D. project.Advanced and validated finite element models of steel structures with bolted end plate joints were used using Abaqus software. Six different cases of analysis using flush and extended bolted end-plate joints were performed. The actual results of the axial forces and rotations of the joints, failure models, and other important factors about structure behaviour are presented. The clear division of the results obtained depended on the type of joint used in the structure. In the cases of application of extended end-plate joints in frame analysis, the required level of robustness was reached in all cases and stopping of collapse development was obtained. In all cases of frame analysis with flush end-plate joints, an insufficient level of robustness on progressive collapse was obtained and partial failures of the structures were reached. Due to the location of the external column, the catenary actions to mitigate progressive collapse were very limited.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Aleksander Kozlowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Damian Kukla
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszów University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Poznanska 2, 35-084 Rzeszów
14 Analysis of climate change and its potential influence on energy performance of building and indoor temperatures. Part 2: Energy and thermal simulation
Szymon Firląg , Artur Miszczuk , Bartosz Witkowski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 195-209 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145263
Słowa kluczowe: climate change energy efficiency thermal comfort low energy building energy simulation
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Abstrakt

The subject of this paper is the analysis of possible influence of climate change on the energy performance of building and indoor temperatures. The model is based on the Maison Air et Lumière house, which concept was developed as part of the Model Homo 2020 project. It was a low-energy, single family, detached house. The model was divided into three thermal zones and developed by using SketchUp software. The analysis of the climate change was made on the example of the city in Poland – Kielce and described in the first part of the paper. Dynamic calculations of the building model were performed by using the TRNSYS software. The calculations were made for three different scenarios relating to existing technical systems: ventilation, ventilation + heating, ventilation + heating + cooling. Annual energy consumption and rooms air temperature changes were estimated for each variant. The results showed higher risk of summer discomfort and change in energy balance of building what indicates the need to use the cooling system in the future during the summer to reduce the discomfort of overheating. In the variant without the cooling system, the percentage of time with an indoor temperature above 27°C increased from 23.7% to 44.2% in zone 2. The energy demand for heating was reduced by 23.4% compared to the current climate, and the energy consumption for cooling (with the cooling option) increased significantly by 232% compared to the current demand. Summarizing, research indicates that with global warming, the energy demand for heating will decrease and the cooling demand will increase significantly in order to maintain the required user comfort.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Szymon Firląg
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Miszczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bartosz Witkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw,Poland
  2. Faculty of Civil Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Na Grobli 15, 50-421 Wrocław, Poland
15 Effect of the hole size and the open area value on the effective Young’s modulus of perforated sheets with a right pattern of cylindrical holes
Łukasz Kuczek , Wacław Muzykiewicz , Marcin Mroczkowski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 211-226 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145264
Słowa kluczowe: computer simulation effective Young’s modulus FEM mathematical formula perforated sheet
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Abstrakt

Perforated sheets are materials which – maintaining good mechanical properties – are characterized by reduced mass in comparison to full sheets. Their elastic properties are important features that are considered in the context of these materials’ design applications. Compared to full sheets, they are characterized by reduced mass while simultaneously preserving good strength properties. This article presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the effect of key parameters of the hole mesh (open area, hole diameter and orientation relative to the direction of greatest hole concentration) in association with the type of material and sheet thickness �� on the value of the effective Young’s modulus of perforated sheet. A significant influence of open area (the share of holes in the sheet, as a percentage) and orientation angle was determined. On the basis of experimental results and computer simulations, a mathematical dependency allowing for calculation of this parameter’s valuewas proposed. The average deviation of calculated values from experimental is less than 4%.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Łukasz Kuczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wacław Muzykiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marcin Mroczkowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
16 Uniaxial compression test and numerical simulation of rock-like specimen with T-Shaped cracks
Xiong Liangxiao , Haijun Chen , Zhongyuan Xu , Deye Hu
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 227-244 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145265
Słowa kluczowe: artificial rock specimen T-Shaped crack Uniaxial compression test
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Abstrakt

In this study, the uniaxial compression test and PFC 2D numerical simulation were carried out on the artificial rock specimen with T-shaped prefabricated fractures. The effects of the lengths l1, l2 of the main fractures, the length l3 of the secondary fracture, and the angle β between the secondary fracture and the loading direction on the uniaxial compressive strength and crack evolution law of specimen were studied. The research results show that the change of l1, l2 and β has obvious effect on the compressive strength and crack growth of the specimen, but the change of l3 has little effect on the compressive strength of the specimen. When l3 = 40 mm and l1 ≠ l2, the angle β influences on the crack propagation and failure mode of the specimen.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xiong Liangxiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Haijun Chen
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zhongyuan Xu
3
ORCID: ORCID
Deye Hu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
  2. Geotechnical Engineering Department, Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute, Nanjing, 210029, China
  3. Faculty of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
17 Analysis of the bearing resistance of the modified bolted end-plate joints of thin-walled profiles used in modular construction
Karol Prałat , Arkadiusz Plis
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 245-263 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145266
Słowa kluczowe: bearing resistance modular construction modular structure nodes thin-walled profiles
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Abstrakt

The paper presents the results of testing the bearing resistance of the bolted joints of thin-walled profiles used in modular construction. The two types of joints currently applied in the construction industry were subjected to tests. One of them served as the reference sample, and the other as the research sample, which was used to find a solution that is more favorable in terms of the complexity of its production process and its bearing resistance. In addition to the modified shape of the end-plates, the bearing resistance of the joint was also analyzed with regards to the different diameters of bolts (bolts M12 and M16 were used), their classes (the difference between bolts of class 8.8 and 10.9 was examined), and also the number of them in the joint (3 or 5 bolts). Moreover, two thicknesses of steel sheets (3 mm and 4 mm), from which thin-walled cold-bent profiles were made, were used in the research. The bearing resistance tests were carried out with the use of a testing press of the authors’ own design. On the basis of the measurements, plots of the dependence between the deflection of the samples and the force acting in the middle of their span were drawn. It was shown that the tested profile joint had an increased bearing resistance by up to 26% when compared to the reference sample. The maximum destructive bending moment M was equal to 10.7 kN·m for the reference sample, and to 13.5 kN·m for the analyzed design solution. In total, 6 types of modified joints were made for the tests, of which five showed a comparable or higher bearing resistance than the reference sample. Each type of joint was tested by bending it in two directions in relation to the central axis of its cross-section.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Karol Prałat
1
ORCID: ORCID
Arkadiusz Plis
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Mechanics and Petrochemistry, Łukasiewicza 17, 09-400 Płock, Poland
18 Refined energy method for the elastic flexural-torsional buckling of steel H-section beam-columns. Part II: Comparison and verification for elements LTU and LTR
Marian Giżejowski , Anna Barszcz , Paweł Wiedro
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 265-289 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145267
Słowa kluczowe: steel beam-column bisymmetric double-tee section elastic behaviour flexural-torsional buckling numerical simulations verification of analytical solutions
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Abstrakt

In investigations constituting Part I of this paper, the effect of approximations in the flexural-torsional buckling analysis of beam-columns was studied. The starting point was the formulation of displacement field relationships built straightforward in the deflected configuration. It was shown that the second-order rotation matrix obtained with keeping the trigonometric functions of the mean twist rotation was sufficiently accurate for the flexural-torsional stability analysis. Furthermore, Part I was devoted to the formulation of a general energy equation for FTB being expressed in terms of prebuckling stress resultants and in-plane deflections through the factor k 1. The energy equation developed there was presented in several variants dependent upon simplified assumptions one may adopt for the buckling analysis, i.e. the classical form of linear eigenproblem analysis (LEA), the form of quadratic eigenproblem analysis (QEA) and refined (non-classical) forms of nonlinear eigenproblem analysis (NEA), all of them used for solving the flexural-torsional buckling problems of elastic beamcolumns. The accuracy of obtained analytical solutions based on different approximations in the elastic flexural–torsional stability analysis of thin-walled beam-columns is examined and discussed in reference to those of earlier studies. The comparison is made for closed form solutions obtained in a companion paper, with a scatter of results evaluated for k 1 = 1 in the solutions of LEA and QEA, as well as for all the options corresponding to NEA. The most reliable analytical solution is recommended for further investigations. The solutions for selected asymmetric loading cases of the left support moment and the half-length uniformly distributed span load of a slender unrestrained beam-column are discussed in detail in Part II. Moreover, the paper constituting Part II investigates how the buckling criterion obtained for the beam-column laterally and torsionally unrestrained between the end sections might be applied for the member with discrete restraints. The recommended analytical solutions are verified with use of numerical finite element method results, considering beam-columns with a mid-section restraint. A variant of the analytical form of solutions recommended in these investigations may be used in practical application in the Eurocode’s General Method of modern design procedures for steelwork.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Marian Giżejowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Barszcz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Wiedro
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
19 A study of landslide body control of black bovine cave copper ore mining and beneficiation project
Hanhui Wu
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 291-309 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145268
Słowa kluczowe: black bovine cave copper ore landslide body stability analysis control scheme
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Abstrakt

Landslide is a common geological disaster which causes huge losses to people’s properties and national economic development. How to prevent and control landslides has become an important issue. This article introduces the geological and geographical environment of the landslide body, analyzes the basic characteristics of the landslide, calculates the landslide stability based on the ultimate equilibrium theory-based transfer coefficient method, discusses the development trend of the landslide and comes up with corresponding control schemes by taking the landslide body of Black Bovine Cave Copper Ore Mining & Beneficiation Project as example. It is found that the control scheme – “anti-slide pile + retraining wall + baffle + anchor cable” can be used to effectively prevent and control the geological disaster according to calculation. The study results can provide a reference for landslide body control.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hanhui Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, 400020 Chongqing, China
20 Impact of numerical modelling of kinematic and static boundary conditions on stability of cold-formed sigma beam
Katarzyna Rzeszut , Ilona Szewczak , Patryk Różyło , Michał Guminiak
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 311-323 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145269
Słowa kluczowe: numerical analysis thin-walled cold-formed steel beam
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Abstrakt

The main aim of the study is an assessment of models suitability for steel beams made of thin-walled cold-formed sigma profiles with respect to different numerical descriptions used in buckling analysis. The analyses are carried out for the sigma profile beam with the height of 140 mm and the span of 2.20 m. The Finite Element (FE) numerical models are developed in the Abaqus program. The boundary conditions are introduced in the formof the so-called fork support with the use of displacement limitations. The beams are discretized using S4R shell finite elements with S4R linear and S8R quadratic shape functions. Local and global instability behaviour is investigated using linear buckling analysis and the models are verified by the comparison with theoretical critical bending moment obtained from the analytical formulae based on the Vlasow beam theory of the thin-walled elements. In addition, the engineering analysis of buckling is carried out for a simple shell (plate) model of the separated cross-section flange wall using the Boundary Element Method (BEM). Special attention was paid to critical bending moment calculated on the basis of the Vlasov beam theory, which does not take into account the loss of local stability or contour deformation. Numerical shell FE models are investigated, which enable a multimodal buckling analysis taking into account interactive buckling. The eigenvalues and shape of first three buckling modes for selected numerical models are calculated but the values of critical bending moments are identified basing on the eigenvalue obtained for the first buckling mode.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Katarzyna Rzeszut
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ilona Szewczak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Patryk Różyło
3
ORCID: ORCID
Michał Guminiak
4
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Building Engineering, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, ul. Nadbystrzycka 38D,20–618 Lublin, Poland
  3. Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, ul. Nadbystrzycka 38 D, 20–618 Lublin, Poland
  4. Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Structural Analysis, Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie 5, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
21 How does polycentric urban form affect safety and urban commuting: the case of Cracow
Rafał Blazy , Anna Ziobro
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 325-338 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145270
Słowa kluczowe: urban security polycentricism suburbanization spatial structure of the city Cracow urban planning
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Abstrakt

This paper discusses the security and safety of the polycentric functio-spatial structure of the city in the context of a pandemic. The research hypothesis is as follows: will the fear of the epidemic affect the manner of planning polycentric structures, reinforce local service concentrations and restore the commercial role of the city street? This paper presents a new outlook on urban security. Local service polycentricism is of particular significance. The problem was investigated based on original analyses of polycentricism and a definition that points to levels of understanding the notion of the centre while accounting for current theories and trends. The study discusses differences in the perception of polycentricism over time. On the example of the history of Cracow’s development, the author analysed factors that affect polycentricism, such as: political decisions, suburbanisation and transport-related behaviour patterns.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Rafał Blazy
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Ziobro
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Faculty of Architecture, Cracow University of Technology, 24 Warszawska St., 31-155 Cracow, Poland
22 Behavior of damaged TBM tunnel under MJS and Micro-disturbance grouting treatment: a case study
Shi Feng , Yijun Yang , Yexiang Jiang , Yongdi Li , Lianghao Yao , Xiaolong Chen
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 339-352 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145271
Słowa kluczowe: MJS damaged TBM tunnel micro-disturbance grouting technology treatment
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Abstrakt

The operating subway tunnel is often damaged due to excessive deformation in China. In order to ensure the safe for operation, remediation and protection measures must be taken, especially in soft soil areas. This paper presents a case study on remedial scheme of damaged TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) tunnel adjacent to excavation combining with MJS (Metro Jet System) and micro-disturbance grouting technology in Hangzhou, China. The track bed settlement, horizontal displacement and convergence of the TBM tunnel caused by MJS and micro-disturbance grouting construction were analyzed and discussed. The results showed the characteristics of soil layer under the tunnel have significant influence on the treatment effect. Even if multiple grouting was adopted, the treatment failure may occur under the combination action of external loads such as traffic load or surcharge load, which should be considered when civil engineers design remediation scheme. The results can provide practical experience and guidance for similar treatment scheme of damaged TBM tunnel.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Shi Feng
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yijun Yang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yexiang Jiang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Yongdi Li
1
ORCID: ORCID
Lianghao Yao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xiaolong Chen
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Chengdunsuian Underground Engineering Co., Ltd., Shanghai 201109, China
  2. Hangzhou Metro Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 31003, China
23 Study on strength characteristics and permeability of chlorite schist during triaxial compression permeability
Fuqi Wang , Weipei Xue , Zhongdong Qiao , Jun Wu , Laiwang Jing
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 353-365 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145272
Słowa kluczowe: chlorite schist strength characteristics permeability triaxial compression compression band
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Abstrakt

In order to grasp the strength characteristics and permeability of chlorite schist, the triaxial compression permeability test of chlorite schist was carried out by using a rock triaxial servo testing machine equipped with seepage device. Based on the test results, the failure strength, initial permeability and permeability development of rock samples under different confining pressure and different pore water pressure are compared, and the failure types of rock samples under triaxial compression permeability and their influence on permeability are analyzed. The results show that the increase of confining pressure is conducive to the improvement of failure strength of chlorite schist, and the increase of pore water pressure reduces the failure strength, which is related to the inhibition of crack development in rock samples by confining pressure and the promotion of crack expansion by pore water pressure. The mechanical deformation of chlorite schist in triaxial compression permeability process has experienced initial compaction stage, linear elastic stage and crack stable propagation to failure stage. As a consequence, permeability shows three trends of decline, stable development and rise, which is closely related to the development of the internal structure of rock samples at each stage. During the failure of triaxial compression permeability, there is a local compression zone in chlorite schist, and the rising rate slows down due to the influence of the compression zone.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Fuqi Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Weipei Xue
2
ORCID: ORCID
Zhongdong Qiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jun Wu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Laiwang Jing
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Huating Coal Industry Daliu Coal Mine Co., Ltd, Shixinyao Town, Chongxin County, Pingliang, China
  2. Anhui University of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, 168 Taifeng Street, Tianjia’an District, Huainan, China
24 Behavior of RC columns strengthened with steel jacket under static axial load
Abd Rahman Mujahid Ahmed Ghoneim , Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed , Kader Haridy , Hazem Ahmed , Mohmmad Pyram , Abdu Khalf
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 367-379 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145273
Słowa kluczowe: reinforced concrete column strengthening confinement steel angles steel strips
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Abstrakt

The column is one of the most significant structural elements, which is designed to support mainly the compressive load. Strengthening of existing reinforced concrete columns is required to enhance ductility and increase load capacity to sustain the overload as sometimes there may be a change in use. Ten rectangular concrete columns were constructed and tested. H/b ratio was kept constant and equals 6 for all columns The aim of this work is to study the behaviour and efficiency of RC columns strengthened with steel jackets subjected to axial load. An experimental study of the behaviour of ten strengthened concrete columns with slenderness ratio (t / b) equals 6 was carried out. Variables such as aspect ratio ( H / b), the volume of steel batten plates, and spacing of steel batten plates at centres ( S) were considered. The results showed that using this method of strengthening is very effective and an increase in the axial load capacity of the strengthened columns is obtained.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Abd Rahman Mujahid Ahmed Ghoneim
1
ORCID: ORCID
Mahmoud Ahmed Mohamed Mohamed
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kader Haridy
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hazem Ahmed
2
ORCID: ORCID
Mohmmad Pyram
2
ORCID: ORCID
Abdu Khalf
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Assiut University, Faculty of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department, Assiut, P.O. Box 71515, Egypt
  2. Al-Azhar University, Faculty of Engineering-Qena, Civil Engineering Department, 83513, Egypt
25 BIM competency in personnel recruitment in Vietnam construction enterprises
Pham Xuan Anh , Nguyen Quoc Toan , Tran Phuong Nam , Hoang Duy Long , Do Duc Thang
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 381-397 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145274
Słowa kluczowe: competency building information modelling personnel recruitment BIM personnel construction company Vietnam
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Abstrakt

The world has been implementing Building Information Modelling (BIM) successfully to construction projects from small to large scale. In Vietnam and many other countries, BIM is also widely applied in different fields of the construction industry. However, there are still many problems that need to be solved. One of those is to determine the necessary BIM competencies, thereby develop BIM personnel recruitment standards. The article identifies the competencies as well as evaluates their importance when supporting the recruitment of BIM personnel in construction enterprises in Vietnam. Through survey forms such as survey on online recruitment, expert interviews, and survey forms, the study is conducted with Likert scale, relative importance index (RII) for result analysis and ranking the importance of BIM competency for three distinct group of positions in Vietnam. With this result, the authors hope that the study will be an important reference, contributing to the development and concretization of the required competency criteria in the recruitment of BIM personnel in Vietnam and other similar countries.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Pham Xuan Anh
1
ORCID: ORCID
Nguyen Quoc Toan
1
ORCID: ORCID
Tran Phuong Nam
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hoang Duy Long
1
ORCID: ORCID
Do Duc Thang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Construction Economics and Management, No. 55 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam
26 Research on the linear viscoelastic rheological properties of rejuvenated asphalt mastic based on the discrete element method
Mei Lin , Yu Lei , Ping Li , Jun Shuai , Zhaoli Wang
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 399-416 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145275
Słowa kluczowe: constitutive model discrete element method rejuvenated asphalt mastic rheological characteristics
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Abstrakt

The rheological property of asphalt is an important factor affecting the pavement performance of asphalt binder, and the fundamental reason for the change of asphalt rheological property is the strong evolution of asphalt material meso structure. However, the internal mechanism of rejuvenated asphalt mastic system is complex and its rules are difficult to grasp. Aiming to study the relationship between meso mechanical parameters and rheological parameters of rejuvenated asphalt mastic, the meso structure model of rejuvenated asphalt mastic was established and improved based on the discrete element method. Moreover, the meso parameters of the model were obtained by the objective function method, and then the influences of various factorswere studied to construct the mathematical constitutive model of rheological parameter modulus and meso mechanical parameters. Combing with the reliability of the improved Burgers model was verified based on the rheological test results of rejuvenated asphalt mastic. In addition, the virtual test of dynamic shear rheological dynamic frequency scanning was carried out on the asphalt mastic sample by particle flow software. By adjusting the mesomechanical parameters, the simulation results (complex shear modulus and phase angle)were consistent with the test results. This study clarified the relationship between mesomechanics and macro performance, and this model could be used to obtain the complex shear modulus of rejuvenated asphalt mastic under different types, filler-asphalt ratio and external force environments by adjusting particle flow, wall boundary and other conditions, which can greatly save the workload for the later research and provide a theoretical basis for production experiments.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mei Lin
1
Yu Lei
1
Ping Li
1
Jun Shuai
1
Zhaoli Wang
2
  1. School of Civil Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, China
  2. Gansu Road and Bridge Green Smart Construction Technology Industry Research Institute, Lanzhou, 730030, China
27 Influence of technological parameters on the properties of jet grouting columns detected with full scale experiments
Lidia Wanik , Joanna Bzówka , Giuseppe Modoni
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 417-433 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145276
Słowa kluczowe: jet grouting single fluid system double fluid system field trial tests geometry prediction of jet grouting columns
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Abstrakt

Jet grouting induces a complex interaction between soil and injected fluids, and thus the properties of columns are dictated by a combination of the two systems. Aiming to improve the efficiency of projects and optimize execution, past research has focused on the prediction of the column properties understanding the mechanisms underlaying treatment execution. For the complexity of phenomena and the uncertain determination of soil properties, the question can be only partially addressed on the theoretical level, being important answers left to the empiricism of field trials, i.e. full scale experiments carried out to test specific jet grouting solutions on specific sites. The present paper reports the results of a field experiment whose peculiarity consists in being conceived to investigate the role of technology on a wider spectrum. Single and double fluid injection systems with various parameters have been simultaneously performed on a subsoil characterized by in situ tests. Columns have then been discovered to measure their diameter and samples of cemented material have been cored and subjected to uniaxial compressive tests. Results are herein summarized and compared with literature solutions to point out strength and deficiencies of currently adopted conceptual models.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Lidia Wanik
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Bzówka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Giuseppe Modoni
3
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Applied Arts, Rolna 43, 40-555 Katowice, Poland
  2. The Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
  3. University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Faculty of Engineering, via di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy
28 Analytical study on dynamic response of cantilever flexible retaining wall
Xiuzhu Yang , Xinyuan Liu , Shuang Zhao , Jun Yu
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 435-453 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145277
Słowa kluczowe: seismic analysis flexible retaining wall wave mechanics theory dynamic response analytic solution
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Abstrakt

Based on wave mechanics theory, the dynamic response characteristics of cantilever flexible wall in two-dimensional site are analyzed. The partial derivative of the vibration equation of soil layer is obtained, and the general solution of the volume strain is obtained by the separation of variables method. The obtained solution is substituted back to the soil layer vibration equation to obtain the displacement vibration general solution. Combined with the soil-wall boundary condition and the orthogonality of the trigonometric function, the definite solution of the vibration equation is obtained. The correctness of the solution is verified by comparing the obtained solution with the existing simplified solution and the solution of rigid retaining wall, and the applicable conditions of each simplified solution are pointed out. Through parameter analysis, it is shown that when the excitation frequency is low, the earth pressure on the wall is greatly affected by the soil near the wall. When the excitation frequency is high, the influence of the far-field soil on the earth pressure of the wall gradually increases. The relative stiffness of the wall, the excitation frequency and the soil layer damping factor have a significant effect on the dynamic response of the flexible retaining wall.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Xiuzhu Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Xinyuan Liu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Shuang Zhao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jun Yu
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Central South University, School of Civil Engineering, Changsha, 410075, China
29 Scheduling with the Probabilistic Coupling Method I (PTCM I) – assuming the continuity of work of working teams
Paulina Kostrzewa-Demczuk , Magdalena Rogalska
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 455-469 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145278
Słowa kluczowe: construction project management schedule Probabilistic Coupling Method I (PTCM I) Multivariate Method of Statistical Models (MMSM)
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Abstrakt

Modeling and numerical analysis of the design of building structures, their technology, organization and management methods of construction processes are the subject of the work of many scientists in Poland. Schedule designers try to best reflect the reality of construction projects with the available methods, although this procedure is not always successful. One of the scheduling methods is the Time Coupling Methods (TCM), which can be refined using the predictive durations of the Multivariate Method of Statistical Models (MMSM) construction processes and standard deviations. A new scheduling method in the probabilistic approach was developed – Probabilistic Time Couplings Method I (PTCM I). At PTCM I, work is organized in such a way as to maintain the continuity of work of employees, as downtime of workers is disadvantageous and costly. The total duration of the new investment was forecasted and compared with the other methods of scheduling and with real time after its completion. The results clearly show that the developed methodology can be successfully used in scheduling construction works.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Paulina Kostrzewa-Demczuk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Rogalska
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Kielce University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
  2. Lublin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Nadbystrzycka St. 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
30 Research on optimum design method of cushion thickness in composite foundation under rigid base
Yaoting Xiao , Jing Wang
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 471-482 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145279
Słowa kluczowe: composite foundation cushion thickness optimum design stress diffusion
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Abstrakt

At present, the cushion thickness of composite foundation under rigid base is mostly selected by the experience of the engineer, which is of great arbitrariness. In order to improve this problem, the optimum design method of cushion thickness is proposed by theoretical research. First, the stress diffusion line in the cushion is assumed to be a quadratic curve, and the critical diffusion thickness of the pile top stress is obtained. Then, by analyzing the relative deformation between soil and pile, pile top penetration into the critical cushion thickness is proposed. Finally, based on the relationship between stress ratio of pile to soil and cushion thickness, the calculation method of optimum cushion thickness is put forward. The application of engineering cases shows that the proposed method has better calculation results, which attests to the correctness of the method. The method can be used for the optimal design of cushion thickness of single-type-pile or multi-type-pile composite foundation.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yaoting Xiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jing Wang
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Hubei University of Arts and Science, College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, No. 296, Longzhong Road, Xiangyang, Hubei, China
31 Laboratory testing of selected prototype under sleeper pads (USPs) – pull-off strength determined after the weather resistance test
Cezary Kraśkiewicz , Artur Zbiciak , Jarosław Medyński , Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 483-501 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145280
Słowa kluczowe: ballasted track structure pull-off strength under sleeper pad laboratory testing of USP weather resistance
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Abstrakt

Under sleeper pads (USPs) are resilient elements used in the ballasted track structures to improve dynamic behaviour of the track, reduce vibration and protect the ballast against fast degradation. As the elements permanently connected to the sleepers or turnout bearers, the pads must have an appropriate level of pull-off strength, so that they do not separate from the rail support (here: sleeper) during their transportation to the construction site or during many years of operation. In this paper, results of pull-off tests performed on four selected USP samples are presented: three samples made of SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber) granulate and one made of polyurethane. Moreover, details of the pad’s attachment to the rail support are discussed, and the requirements for the USP properties are specified, focusing on the pull-off strength determined after the weather resistance test. It is shown that only two out of four considered USP samples fulfilled the requirements specified by the authors.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Cezary Kraśkiewicz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Artur Zbiciak
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jarosław Medyński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Al Sabouni-Zawadzka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
32 A comparative analysis of artificial neural network predictive and multiple linear regression models for ground settlement during tunnel construction
Baoping Zou , Musa Chibawe , Bo Hu , Yansheng Deng
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 503-515 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145281
Słowa kluczowe: tunneling construction ground settlement MLR ANN
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Abstrakt

Ground settlement during and after tunnelling using TBM results in varying dynamic and static load action on the geo-stratum. It is an undesirable effect of tunnel construction causing damage to the surface and subsurface infrastructure, safety risk, and increased construction cost and quality issues. Ground settlement can be influenced by several factors, like method of tunnelling, tunnel geometry, location of tunnelling machine, machine operational parameters, depth & its changes, and mileage of recording point from starting point. In this study, a description and evaluation of the performance of the arti?cial neural network (ANN)was undertaken and a comparison with multiple linear regression (MLR) was carried out on ground settlement prediction. The performance of these models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination R2, root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). For ANN model, the R2, RMSE and MAPE were calculated as 0.9295, 4.2563 and 3.3372, respectively, while for MLR, the R2, RMSE and MAPE, were calculated as 0.5053, 11.2708, 6.3963 respectively. For ground settlement prediction, bothANNandMLRmethodswere able to predict significantly accurate results. It was further noted that the ANN performance was higher than that of the MLR.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Baoping Zou
1
ORCID: ORCID
Musa Chibawe
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bo Hu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Yansheng Deng
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
33 Experimental study on SHPB cyclic impact of rubber-cement composite with different confine modes
Rongzhou Yang , Ying Xu , Peiyuan Chen , Lin Cheng , Jinfu Ding , Hongxin Fu
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 517-534 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145282
Słowa kluczowe: split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) rubber cement composite cyclic impact damage fracture energy impact resistance
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Abstrakt

To promote the application of rubber-cement composites as the main bearing structure and key components in practical engineering under frequent dynamic disturbances, in this work, the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) cyclic impact tests of rubber-cement composite specimens with four different confine modes were carried out in which the impact load increased sequentially. The relationship between average strain rate, ultimate strain and impact times and the relationship between peak stress, damage energy, ultimate strain and incident energy were analyzed. The results showed that the appropriate confine reinforcement treatment can make rubber-cement composite give full play to its deformation ability when it was completely damaged. Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheet and steel cylinder can work together with the rubber-cement composite matrix to resist impact load, which effectively improves the structural strength, damage fracture energy, and cyclic impact resistance of the rubber-cement composite. Finally, based on the effect difference of confine modes, the simplified plane force models of rubber-cement composite specimens with four different confine modes were established, which clearly revealed the completely different impact resistance mechanism of the rubber-cement composites with different constraints under cyclic impact loading.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Rongzhou Yang
1
ORCID: ORCID
Ying Xu
1
ORCID: ORCID
Peiyuan Chen
2
ORCID: ORCID
Lin Cheng
2
ORCID: ORCID
Jinfu Ding
2
ORCID: ORCID
Hongxin Fu
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. State Key Laboratory of Mining Response and Disaster Prevention and Control in Deep Coal Mines, School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
  2. School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
34 The use of BIM to propose alternative construction methods to reduce the cost of energy for the historic archeological building in Iraq
Oday Hammody Abdullah , Wadhah Amer Hatem
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 535-549 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145283
Słowa kluczowe: autodesk insight 360 cloud BIM construction project energy efficiency historic archeological building sustainable design parameters
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Abstrakt

The building information modeling (BIM) method is one of the newest methods that has been widely used in many parts of the building business, including energy management. The aim of this research is to analyze the most holy theotokos in order to find the best set of modifications that result in an optimal energy cost. The analysis was conducted through the use of building information modeling (BIM) technology and the associated programmers such as Auto Desk Revit 2020 and Auto Desk Insight 360, in order to determine the optimal strategies by which the most applicable alternative construction materials and procedures are considered in order to obtain an environmentally and economically sustainable most holy theotokos. Applying this analyze to the most holy theotokos revealed that many alternatives are capable of making a tangible reduction in the cost of electrical energy consumption and the cost of fuel for generators. Such reductions are noticed when altering in the optimum manner. The alteration of construction materials for walls and roofs also reduces the cost of electrical energy consumption and fuel for generators. The results show that changing the plug load efficiency in the optimal manner reduces the cost of electrical energy consumption by approximately 933913 US dollar ($), and changing the heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems (HVAC) reduces the cost of fuel energy consumption by approximately 13522 US Dollar ($). Green building studio (GBS) is a tool that helps in the early stages of a project to find the best ways to save energy.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Oday Hammody Abdullah
1
ORCID: ORCID
Wadhah Amer Hatem
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. University of Baghdad, Civil Engineering Department, Baghdad, Iraq
  2. Middle Technical University, Baquba Technical Institute, Baquba, Iraq
35 Evaluation of the influence of the glass fiber mesh on the deflection basin parameters of a flexible pavement located in the area of mining activity
Mateusz Kałuża , Mirosław Kotasiński , Joanna Bzówka
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 551-569 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145284
Słowa kluczowe: glass fiber mesh mining subsidence pavement reinforcement terrain subsidence FWD deflection basin parameters
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Abstrakt

Rehabilitation treatments applied to a local road prone to terrain subsidence from mining excavation should be designed considering cost-efficient and effective reinforcement solutions. In the analysed case, a glass-fibre mesh was applied under asphalt concrete layers in 2008, in one lane while another was left without the reinforcement. The main objective of this paper was to investigate the effectiveness of reinforcement by analysing the amount of produced on the pavement and the influence on pavement deflection. It was found that the reinforcement retracted the number of cracks, however, did not affect the bearing capacity. The influence of the applied geosynthetic was manifested in the values of the radius of curvature. The overall technical state of the road requires immediate treatment and the applied reinforcement proved obsolete because in this particular case of road located in the mining active terrain the glass fiber mesh did not prolong the life of the pavement.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mateusz Kałuża
Mirosław Kotasiński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Joanna Bzówka
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
36 Industrial floor faults caused by volume changes in concrete and subsoil: case study
Radim Cajka , Jana Vaskova , Martina Smirakova , Kamil Burkovic , Zdenka Neuwirthova
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 571-582 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145285
Słowa kluczowe: case study failure fiber concrete industrial floor volume changes in concrete
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Abstrakt

Large floors of industrial enterprises, warehouses, stores, and shopping centres are quite heavily loaded with production technologies, transport mechanisms, stored material or shelf stackers. Regarding simple reinforcement and construction, industrial floors have been used in recent decades mainly reinforced with fibres from so-called fibre-reinforced concrete. Most slab failures are caused by extreme loads on the unbearable subsoil, a small amount of fibres, or by the shrinkage of concrete due to insufficient structural design of sliding, shrinking and expansion joints. Recently, however, in several constructions, structural failures have occurred caused by a volume-unstable subsoil in the form of a mixture of slag or metallurgical debris. The article deals with some failures of fibre concrete floors in practice, their methods of diagnostics and laboratory analysis of samples. The results are supplemented by practical examples of floor failures with respect to their origin.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Radim Cajka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jana Vaskova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Martina Smirakova
1
ORCID: ORCID
Kamil Burkovic
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zdenka Neuwirthova
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Ludvíka Podéšte 1875/17708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic
37 Spatial planning policy towards floodplains and environmental protection as obstacles to the development of settlements on the Lower Bug
Janusz Sobieraj , Dominik Metelski
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 583-605 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145286
Słowa kluczowe: floodplains spatial development sustainable development Floods Directive spatial planning water management flood protection
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Abstrakt

A little over a decade ago, a number of legislative changes were made in Polish law dealing with spatial planning in relation to floodplains and water management. More specifically, the amendments were a consequence of the adoption of the relevant Floods Directive by the European Parliament and the European Council in 2007, which was introduced as a countermeasure to the allegedly increasing flood risks associated with the ongoing urbanisation of floodplains. It was recognised that the risks of material and non-material damage associated with increasing urbanisation are so great that appropriate legal provisions must be introduced to reduce them. More than a decade has passed since the introduction of these provisions (the Floods Directive was adopted in Poland in March 2011). Over time, it has become apparent that the implementation of many legislative changes in Poland related to spatial planning in floodplains has been impractical and has had a very negative impact on the spatial and economic development of these areas. In this article we focus on the Lower Bug Valley and show how these new laws have led to a deterioration of the living situation in the floodplains. Indeed, the problem of economic decline in the floodplains and Natura 2000 sites is very serious and affects people who have lived for years in a 2–5 km wide strip in quiet surroundings flood-prone areas and along the river bend. Restrictions on livestock and the decline of agriculture are compounded by the lack of interest in acquiring habitats and land. These areas are becoming an open-air museum with residents living on social benefits and pensions.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Janusz Sobieraj
1
ORCID: ORCID
Dominik Metelski
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Al. Armii Ludowej 16, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
  2. University of Granada, Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, Campus Cartuja, 18071 Granada, Spain
38 Identification of land system transformations in the Rzeszów city square
Karol Noga , Anna Sikora , Monika Siejka , Eduardo Natividade-Jesus , Carlos Moreira , Izabela Skrzypczak
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 607-621 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145287
Słowa kluczowe: city square Rzeszów cadastral map land parcels transformation
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Abstrakt

The paper presents the results of a comparative study of the land system of the city square and adjacent buildings for Rzeszów in Poland. The study made use of a cadastral map at a scale of 1:2880 and a modern land and building record map. For the purpose of adjusting reference systems, the cadastral map recorded in the form of a digital raster image, in accordance with applicable provisions of polish law (Journal of Laws No. 263 §49), was subjected to a two-stage calibration. The first stage consisted in carrying out initial calibration with the employment of first-degree affine transformation. In the second stage, final calibration was performed using mathematical transformation that considered the distortions detected in the previous stage. The results showed shifts, consolidations, and divisions of land parcels with regard to the present state, and changes to property structure. The proposed method may prove useful for further research on historical urban system morphology, and on restoration and renewal of the urban tissue.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Karol Noga
1
ORCID: ORCID
Anna Sikora
1
ORCID: ORCID
Monika Siejka
2
ORCID: ORCID
Eduardo Natividade-Jesus
3 4
ORCID: ORCID
Carlos Moreira
4
ORCID: ORCID
Izabela Skrzypczak
1
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Rzeszow University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Powstanców Warszawy 12 Av., 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
  2. University of Agriculture in Krakow, Department of Land Surveying, Mickiewicza 21 Av., 31-120 Krakow, Poland
  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Coimbra Polytechnic – ISEC, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
  4. Institute for Systems Engineering and Computers of Coimbra (INESCC), 3030-290 Coimbra, Portugal
39 Analysis of the influence of warning sounds in expressway tunnels on the mental state and attention of the driver
Yao Xiao , Bo Liang , Tao Wang , Jiaan Niu , Shiyong He
Archives of Civil Engineering | 2023 | vol. 69 | No 2 | 623-636 | DOI: 10.24425/ace.2023.145288
Słowa kluczowe: warning sound expressway tunnel mental states visual characteristics
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Abstrakt

In recent years, some expressway tunnels have started broadcasting warning sounds, such as fire alarms, to improve driver attention and traffic safety. However, there is few research on it, and in contrast to previous studies, we have considered different evaluation indices and through field measurement to determine the effectiveness of this practice. The characteristics of three warning sound signals, i.e., fire alarm, dynamic music, and voice command, in a tunnel were analyzed usingMATLAB. Considering pupil diameter and blink duration as evaluation indexes, the change in the mental state of the driver after hearing a warning sound was analyzed. Based on Markov chain theory, the change in the gaze region and gaze shift of the driver under the condition of a warning sound was analyzed. Results shows fire alarms and voice commands can increase the mental load of drivers, but the degree of impact was not determined. Dynamic music does not affect the mental load of the driver. The fire alarm and dynamic music attracted the attention of the driver; conversely, as the voice command warns the driver to focus on safety, it did not impact the attention of the driver. The research results provide a scientific reference for the selection of warning sounds in expressway tunnels and new research ideas for the prevention of traffic injuries in expressway tunnels.
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Autorzy i Afiliacje

Yao Xiao
1
ORCID: ORCID
Bo Liang
2
ORCID: ORCID
Tao Wang
3
ORCID: ORCID
Jiaan Niu
4
ORCID: ORCID
Shiyong He
2
ORCID: ORCID
  1. Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing Rail Transit (Group) Co., Ltd, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China
  2. Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Mountain Bridge and Tunnel Engineering, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China
  3. Chongqing Industrial School, Hualongqiong, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, China
  4. Chongqing Jiaotong University, School of Civil Engineering, Xuefu Avenue 66, Nanan District, Chongqing, China

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-The editor maintains the integrity of the academic record, precludes business needs from compromising intellectual and ethical standards, and is always willing to publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies when needed.
-The editor evaluates manuscripts for intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the author(s).
-The editor does not disclose any information about a manuscript under consideration to anyone other than the author(s), reviewers and potential reviewers, and in some instances the editorial board members, as appropriate.

Reviewers' responsibilities
Any manuscripts received for review are treated as confidential documents. They must not be shown to or discussed with others except if authorized by the editor. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review is kept confidential and not used for personal advantage Any invited reviewer who feels unqualified to review the manuscript or knows that its timely review will be impossible should immediately notify the editor so that alternative reviewers can be contacted. Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. Any statement that an observation, derivation, or argument had been previously reported should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published data of which they have personal knowledge. Reviewers should not consider evaluating manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the submission. Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is unacceptable. Referees should express their views clearly with appropriate supporting arguments. All reviews must be carried out on a special form available in the Editorial System.

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