Applied sciences

Archives of Environmental Protection

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Archives of Environmental Protection | 2026 | 52 | 1

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Abstract

Reliable water quality assessment depends on high-quality datasets; however, datasets obtained from field measurements often contain outliers and missing values, which directly affect subsequent analytical processes. This study presents a practical system application that enhances dataset integrity and reliability for advanced artificial intelligence analyses. The proposed approach integrates exploratory visualization (boxplots) for outlier detection, statistical outlier treatment, mean- and regression-based estimation for missing values, and normalization for ensuring comparability. The application utilizes a river water quality dataset from Türkiye, including Cl⁻, Fe, K⁺, Na⁺, SO₄²⁻, TKN, TN, and turbidity parameters. Model performance demonstrated strong results, with Mean Squared Error (MSE) values for the identified outliers ranging from 0.00002 (turbidity) to 0.135 (K⁺). Comparative analysis of raw and post-processed datasets revealed that systematic outlier handling and targeted imputation improved data consistency and reduced modeling uncertainty, thereby enabling more reliable ANN- and GA-based predictive modeling. The proposed methodological framework is practical, reproducible, and easily integrable into water quality monitoring systems, supporting data-driven management and policy decisionmaking.
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Authors and Affiliations

Mehmet Kazim YETİK
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Karabük University, Turkey
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Abstract

The rapid increase in lithium demand, driven by the growth of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, has raised concerns about future supply. To support the lithium supply chain, it is necessary to explore new sources, one of which is geothermal water. In this study, we review the current state of adsorption methods for lithium extraction from geothermal water and present our own approach. A zeolite-hydrogel composite was prepared using natural clinoptilolite, sodium alginate, and chitosan through a direct mixing method. Adsorption tests were performed using untreated geothermal water from the Dieng Geothermal Power Plant in Central Java to reflect natural conditions. The material’s performance was evaluated by comparing ICP-MS analysis results of the water before and after adsorption. The results showed no significant reduction in lithium content. However, the use of 1.5 g of the composite, prepared from 5 g of clinoptilolite and a solution containing 0.5% sodium alginate and 0.5% chitosan- reduced arsenic concentration by approximately 52%. To enhance lithium adsorption, further optimization is required, including pH adjustment, silica removal, or modification of the composite structure. Further research is also needed to further explore the material’s potential for arsenic removal.
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Authors and Affiliations

Milena Koza
1
Mentari Mukti
1
Barbara Tomaszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Krakow, Poland
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Abstract

Reverse osmosis (RO) is one of the most widely used technologies for achieving safe water reuse and can be effectively applied in wastewater recovery for crop irrigation. This paper presents the results of research involving the use of a two-stage RO system connected in series to produce water for agricultural use. A critical factor in applying this technology was achieving the target boron concentration. The effectiveness of the technology is also discussed with respect to the heavy metal content of the permeate. Pre-treatment steps, such as pre-filtration, deironing, and ultrafiltration (UF), are employed to remove colloidal particles and reduce membrane fouling, thereby enhancing longevity. Previous studies have shown that a two-stage reverse osmosis (RO-RO) system for geothermal water desalination (with initial mineralization of 2.5 g/L) produces permeate with a mineralization of 0.094 g/L and permissible heavy metal concentrations that do not adversely affect the quality or safety of irrigation water. Furthermore, due to the permeate’s physicochemical composition, treated geothermal water can be used for drip irrigation without the risk of clogging installations. Future innovations should focus on energy-efficient membrane materials and real-time monitoring to further optimize the desalination process, ensuring sustainable agricultural reuse without soil or crop contamination.
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Authors and Affiliations

Barbara Tomaszewska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Tyszer
2
ORCID: ORCID
Leszek Pająk
1
ORCID: ORCID
Aleksandra Kasztelewicz
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. AGH University of Kraków, Poland
  2. Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,Kraków, Poland
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Abstract

At the municipal wastewater treatment plant in Międzyzdroje (approximately 6,000 permanent residents; ~370,000 people during the summer season), a tertiary treatment stage based on gravity filtration using disc filters (Mecana SF6/30; PES-13) was implemented between 2021 and 2023. Despite a twofold increase in influent flow during the summer of 2024, the quality parameters of the treated wastewater (TSS, BOD5, COD, TN, and TP) remained well below the limits specified in the water permit. The filtration process effectively stabilized effluent quality under conditions of increased seasonal load. However, only limited removal of selected pharmaceuticals was observed: 7-17% (metoprolol 7%, candesartan 17%, irbesartan 5%, venlafaxine 14%, citalopram 10%, amisulpride 14%) and 33% for clarithromycin. No removal was observed for hydrochlorothiazide, carbamazepine, or diclofenac. Benzotriazole concentrations decreased by only 3%. All 24 PFAS compounds were below the limit of quantification (LOQ), and the Σ16 PAHs concentration was <0.21 Sg/L. These results confirm that effective reduction of micropollutant emissions requires the implementation of a quaternary treatment stage (e.g., advanced oxidation processes, adsorption, or membrane technologies).
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Authors and Affiliations

Kazimierz Szymański
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jacek Piekarski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Robert Sidełko
1
ORCID: ORCID
Beata Janowska
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Koszalin University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering Environmental and Geodetic Sciences, Poland
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Abstract

The liquid fraction of digestate, an important byproduct of anaerobic digestion in biogas plants treating municipal waste, has a complex and variable chemical composition and contains significant impurities of various types. Effective treatment of this fraction prior to further use poses a technological challenge, particularly in light of increasingly stringent environmental standards. Pressure-driven membrane processes, especially those using flat ceramic membranes, have the potential to efficiently separate contaminants and recover valuable components and water; however, they are prone to severe fouling. This study evaluated the effectiveness of selected chemical reagents for cleaning flat ceramic membranes after filtration of the liquid fraction of digestate from a municipal biogas plant. The results revealed that the porous structure of ceramic membranes significantly influences their transport properties, fouling mechanisms, and regeneration efficiency. Ultrafiltration membranes with molecular weight cut-offs of 5 or 15 kDa provided an optimal balance between separation efficiency, fouling resistance, and chemical cleaning efficiency. Additionally, fouling control effectiveness strongly depended on matching regeneration strategies to membrane characteristics and sludge type.
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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Urbanowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Przemysław Seruga
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Department of Water, Wastewater and Waste Technology, Faculty of Environmental Engineering,Wroclaw University of Science and technology, Wroclaw, Poland
  2. Department of Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Production Engineering,Wrocław University of Economics and Business, Wroclaw, Poland
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Abstract

It is now evident that the utilization of agricultural waste materials represents one of the most effective approaches for the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated water. In this study, Kosovo pine cones were used as a natural, low-cost biosorbent to remove Mn(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to characterize the biosorbent before and after Mn(II) treatment. The observed peak shifts after Mn(II) biosorption suggest interactions between manganese ions and functional groups, particularly hydroxyl and amino groups, rather than carboxyl and carbonyl groups. The main parameters affecting the biosorption process, such as pH, biosorbent dose, initial solvent concentration, contact time, and temperature, were investigated to determine optimal conditions. The efficiency of manganese biosorption was strongly influenced by the pH of the aqueous solution, with optimal removal typically observed at a neutral pH of approximately 7. Isotherm parameters corresponding to the Langmuir and the Freundlich models were derived from the experimental data. The Langmuir isotherm model (R2 0.997) provided the best fit to the equilibrium data, with a maximum biosorption capacity of 36.90 mg/g at 288 K. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔHo, ΔSo, and ΔGo) were determined, indicating that the biosorption process is exothermic, favorable, and spontaneous. The study confirms that pine cones are an efficient biomaterial for the treatment of Mn(II)-contaminated water
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Authors and Affiliations

Bashkim Thaçi
1
ORCID: ORCID
Gentiana Hasani-Bekteshi
1
Albana Veseli
1
Arta Dylhasi
1

  1. University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo
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Abstract

This study evaluated the potential use of 15 industrial and organic waste materials - including fly ash, bottom ash, fluidized bed ash, slag, photovoltaic glass, sulfur, lignin, biochar, textile fibers, hemp fibers, sawdust, eggshells, bamboo fibers, fluidized bed sand - as fillers in two-component polyurethane (2C PU) adhesives. The materials were characterized for chemical composition, particle size distribution, moisture content, calorific value, FTIR spectra, and metal leachability. Fly ash from pulverized coal combustion demonstrated the highest compatibility with the PU matrix among all tested materials. Adhesive formulations with various fly ash-to-chalk ratios were synthesized and tested for shear strength. The highest value (4.50 MPa at 20 °C) was obtained with 10% fly ash and 90% chalk, indicating a favorable synergistic effect. In contrast, the formulation containing 100% fly ash showed a substantial drop in performance at elevated temperature (0.10 MPa at 100 °C), revealing a thermal limitation. These findings suggest that fly ash may serve as a sustainable and cost-effective partial filler in PU adhesives, contributing to circular economy goals. However, its limited thermal stability must be considered for products intended for high temperature applications.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Pęczek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Renata Pamuła
2
Andrzej Białowiec
1

  1. Department of Applied Bioeconomy, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
  2. Selena Industrial Technologies Sp. z o.o., Dzierżoniów, Poland
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Abstract

This study aimed to assess the immobilization of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in hardened self-hardening slurries (SHS) made with municipal solid waste fly ash (MSWFA) and conventional coal fly ash (CCFA) intended for cut-off wall construction. Five SHS mixtures were prepared using tap water, Portland cement, sodium bentonite, CCFA, and MSWFA. The microstructure and phase composition were analyzed by SEM and XRD. After 28 and 90 days of curing, samples were leached according to PN-EN 12457-4:2006, and metal concentrations in eluates and digested components were determined by flame AAS. The results were compared with regulatory limits for heavy metal content in leachate and soil. CCFA exhibited the highest Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn contents, while MSWFA showed the lowest total heavy metal content. The eluates displayed an alkaline pH (≈12.5) and high salinity. Pb and Cd releases exceeded non-hazardous waste limits, while other metals remained below these limits. All tested metals demonstrated high immobilization levels (≥99.99%) regardless of recipe or curing time. Dense C-S-H matrix formation with hydrocalumite contributed to metal immobilization. SHS could potentially be a safe and environmentally friendly method for stabilizing and solidifying fly ash in its raw form. Heavy metals were strongly bound within the slurry structure, however, further research is needed.
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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Szarek
1
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Falaciński
1
ORCID: ORCID
Małgorzata Wojtkowska
1
ORCID: ORCID
Jan Bogacki
1
ORCID: ORCID
Piotr Drużyński
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Doctoral School, Warsaw University of Technology
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Abstract

The Curve Number method, developed in the 1950s in the United States, is commonly used to estimate runoff depth resulting from heavy rainfall. Over many years, it has been tested in various regions and for purposes beyond its original use. Despite numerous studies on this method, some issues still require consideration, i.e., a universally accepted procedure for CN determination from rainfall-runoff data. In this work, the authors attempt to estimate the CN parameter for a small, lowland catchment in central Poland. Historical data on catchment land cover and original rainfall-runoff measurements are used to determine the CN values for three periods characterized by different catchment land-cover structures. The applied approaches for CN estimation are compared and discussed. The study indicates that: i) over the period 1974-2018, a gradual increase in forested areas was observed, accompanied by a decrease in the average CN value (on average, a 1% increase in forest cover reduces CN by 0.2), ii) among approaches based on rainfall-runoff data, the least-squares calibration appears to be the most straightforward method for CN estimation; while the asymptotic approach may additionally identify a threshold rainfall beyond which the method is applicable; iii) the accepted initial abstraction ratio plays a key role in CN estimation and water-routing modelling, and further research is required to improve runoff prediction.
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Authors and Affiliations

Adam Krajewski
1
Leszek Hejduk
1

  1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Abstract

This study aims to examine the impact of green finance instruments on carbon dioxide emission intensity (CDEI), filling a methodological research gap across regions and time-series data. Specifically, it investigates how green finance instruments, namely green credit, green support, and green funds, together with gross domestic product (GDP), affect the CDEI across diverse regions from 2008 to 2021. A generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) was used to analyze panel data from 29 municipalities and provinces in China over this period. These municipalities and provinces were grouped into six administrative regions, allowing the model to capture the nonlinear relationships and interactions that vary across space and time. The results indicate that in Northern, Northeastern, and Northwestern China, GDP is associated with a higher CDEI. In contrast, green credit, green support, and green funds did not significantly reduce the CDEI during the study period. This study contributes to the discussion on the importance of developing region-specific green finance strategies. It proposes policy approaches tailored to local economic conditions to improve the effectiveness of green finance efforts, thereby supporting emission reduction and advancing environmental policies and sustainable business strategies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Wong Ming Wong
1
Xing Wang
2
Tiantian Liu
3
Wunhong Su
4
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Krirk University, Thailand
  2. Shandong Agriculture and Engineering University, China
  3. Assumption University, Thailand
  4. Hangzhou Dianzi University, China
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Abstract

This study aimed to determine the environmental impact of extensive green roofs (EGRs) using a LifeCycle Assessment (LCA) based on an analysis of a 4 m² experimental EGR unit. A literature-based LCA was conducted, covering the first three life cycle stages, followed by a detailed LCA of these stages. The analysis was supplemented with carbon footprint calculations for the individual processes involved in constructing the experimental green roof unit (4 m²). The results showed that the production of green roof components, particularly synthetic materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polypropylene, significantly contributes to environmental degradation. The carbon footprint of the 740.15 kg experimental green roof was 0.29 kg CO₂ equivalent per kilogram of green roof system (GRS). While this value is relatively low compared to, for example, selected food products, the environmental impact increases significantly when scaled to actual roof sizes, such as 100 m². Compared to similar studies, such as 150.99 kg CO₂ equivalent per m² for tropical green roofs, this study highlights the variability of environmental impacts depending on climate, materials, and design decisions. Although green roofs are intended to mimic natural ecosystems, current designs often rely on materials with high environmental impacts. Further research into sustainable alternatives and the inclusion of more CO₂-sequestering plant species are necessary to reduce their ecological footprint.
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Authors and Affiliations

Edyta Sierka
1
ORCID: ORCID
Zuzanna Bedlińska
2
Magdalena Biela
1
ORCID: ORCID
Hsin-Yu Chen
2
Katarzyna Larysz
1
ORCID: ORCID
Magdalena Stolarczyk
1

  1. Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
  2. University of Silesia in Katowice, Faculty of Law and Administration, Poland
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the degree of heavy metal contamination (cadmium - Cd, chromium - Cr, copper - Cu, nickel - Ni, lead - Pb, zinc - Zn) and the potential ecological risk of bottom sediments in the Dobromierz drinking water reservoir (Poland). The study involved sampling within the reservoir's direct and indirect protection zones and at reference points on the Strzegomka River over two seasons (autumn 2023 and spring 2024). Laboratory analyses were performed using the ICP-OES method after sample mineralization in aqua regia, and integrated indicators were used to assess toxicity: the geochemical approach, the Länder-Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wasser Classification (LAWA), the pollution index (Pi), the geoaccumulation index (Igeo), the contamination factor (Cf) and the ecological risk index (Er). The results indicate that the dominant sediment fraction in the reservoir consists of earthy particles (<2 mm), which favor the accumulation of heavy metals. The highest median metal concentrations were recorded in the direct protection zone, as confirmed by the toxicity indicator values. The order of metal toxicity was as follows: Cd > Cu > Ni > Cr > Zn > Pb. The sediments were mostly classified as Class I-II toxicity (slightly or moderately contaminated), but remediation was required at several locations due to elevated Cu and Ni levels. Cluster analysis confirmed the similarity of sediment properties in the reservoir's protection zones and their distinction from samples collected from the Strzegomka River. The results emphasize the importance of comprehensive, multi-indicator assessment methods in diagnosing the ecotoxicity of bottom sediments in drinking water reservoirs. This study fills a knowledge gap regarding heavy metal pollution in Poland and provides a basis for implementing remedial measures and sustainable water resource management.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Szewczyk
1
Paweł Tomczyk
2
Mirosław Wiatkowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Bernard Andrzej Gałka
2

  1. Provincial Fund for Environmental Protection and Water Management in Opole, Poland
  2. Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland

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Nowak, S.W. & Taylor, K.T. (2019). Title of article, Journal Name, 10, 2, pp. 93–98. DOI: 10.24425/aep.2019.126330. (in Polish)

Not more than 30 references should be cited in the original research paper.


Submission of the manuscript
By submitting the manuscript Author(s) warrant(s) that the article has not been previously published and is not under consideration by another journal. Authors claim responsibility and liability for the submitted article.
The article is freely available and distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode), which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided the article is properly cited.


© 2021. The Author(s). This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Public License (CC BY SA 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/legalcode), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided that the article is properly cited.


The manuscripts should be submitted on-line using the Editorial System available at http://www.editorialsystem.com/aep.

Review Process
All the submitted articles are assessed by the Editorial Board. If positively assessed by at least two editors, Editor in Chief, along with department editors selects two independent reviewers from recognized authorities in the discipline.
Review process usually lasts from 1 to 4 months.
Reviewers have access to PUBLONS platform which integrates into Bentus Editorial System and enables adding reviews to their personal profile.
After completion of the review process Authors are informed of the results and – if both reviews are positive – asked to correct the text according to reviewers’ comments. Next, the revised work is verified by the editorial staff for factual and editorial content.

Acceptance of the manuscript

The manuscript is accepted for publication on grounds of the opinions of independent reviewers and approval of Editorial Board. Authors are informed about the decision and also asked to pay processing charges and to send completed declaration of the transfer of copyright to the editorial office.

Proofreading and Author Correction
All articles published in the Archives of Environmental Protection go through professional proofreading process. If there are too many language errors that prevent understanding of the text, the article is sent back to Authors with a request to correct the indicated fragments or – in extreme cases – to re-translate the text.
After proofreading the manuscript is prepared for publishing. The final stage of the publishing process is Author correction. Authors receive a page proof copy of the article with a request to make final corrections.

Article publication charges


The publication fee in the Journal of an article up to 20 pages is 520 EUR/2500 zł

Payments in Polish zlotys
Bank BGK
Account no.: 20 1130 1091 0003 9111 7820 0001

Payments in Euros
Bank BGK
Account no.: 20 1130 1091 0003 9111 7820 0001
IBAN: PL 20 1130 1091 0003 9111 7820 0001
SWIFT: GOSKPLPW

Authors are kindly requested to inform the editorial office of making payment for the publication, as well as to send all necessary data for issuing an invoice
 

Peer-review Procedure

The reviewing procedure for papers published in Archives of Environmental Protection

1) After accepting the paper as matching to the scope of the Journal Editor-in-Chief with Section Editors choose two independent Reviewers (authorities in the domain/discipline). The chosen Reviewers (from professors and senior academic staff members) have to guarantee:

  • autonomous opinion,
  • the lack of interests conflict – especially the lack of personal and business relations with the Authors of the paper,
  • the preservation of confidentiality about the paper content and the Reviewer opinion about the paper.

2) After the Reviewers selection, Assistant Editor send them (via e-mail) requests to review the paper. Reviewers receive the full text of the paper (without Author personal data) qualified for the reviewing process and referee form, sometimes supplemented with the additional questions connected with the article. In the e-mail Assistant Editor also determine the extent of the review and the deadline (usually a month).

3) The personal data of Reviewers are not open (double-blind review). It can be declassify only on Author’s special request and after the Reviewer agreement. It sometimes happen when the review outcome is: manuscript rejection or when the paper contain controversial issues.

4) The reviewer send the review to the Editorial Office via e-mail. After receiving the review the Assistant Editor:

  • inform Authors about it (in the case of the review without corrections or when there are only small, editorial changes needed),
  • send the reviews to Authors. Authors have to correct the paper according to Reviewers comment and prepare the reply to Reviewers,
  • send the paper corrected by Authors to Reviewers again – when Reviewer wanted to review it again.

5) The final decision about manuscript is made by the Editorial Board on the basis of the analysis of remarks contained in the review and the final version of the paper send by Authors. 6) The final version of the paper, after typesetting and text makeup is being sent to Authors, who make an author’s corrections. Afterwards the paper is ready to be printed in the specific issue.

Reviewers

All Reviewers in 2022

Alonso Rosa (University of the Basque Country/EHU, Bilbao, Spain), Alwaeli Mohamed (Silesian University of Technology), Arora Amarpreet (Sherpa Space Inc., Republic of Korea), Babu A.( Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea), Barbieri Maurizio (Sapienza University of Rome), Bień Jurand (Wydział Infrastruktury i Środowiska, Politechnika Częstochowska), Bogacki Jan (Wydział Instalacji Budowlanych, Hydrotechniki i Inżynierii Środowiska, Politechnika Warszawska), Bogumiła Pawluśkiewicz (Katedra Kształtowania Środowiska, SGGW), Boutammine Hichem (Laboratory of Industrial Process Engineering and Environment, Faculty of Process Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Bab-Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria), Burszta-Adamiak Ewa (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu), Cassidy Daniel (Western Michigan University, United States), Chowaniec Józef (Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute), Czerniawski Robert (Instytut Biologii, Uniwersytet Szczeciński), da Silva Elaine (Fluminense Federal University, UFF, Brazil), Dąbek Lidia (Wydział Inżynierii Środowiska, Geodezji i Energetyki Odnawialnej, Politechnika Świętokrzyska), Dannowski Ralf (Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung: Müncheberg, Brandenburg, DE), Delgado-González Cristián Raziel (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Tulancingo , Mexico), Dewil Raf (KU Leuven, Belgium), Djemli Samir (University Badji Mokhtar Annaba, Algeria), Du Rui (University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, China), Egorin AM (Institute of Chemistry FEBRAS, Russia), Fadillah‬ ‪Ganjar‬‬ (Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia), Gangadharan Praveena (Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad, India), Garg Manoj (Amity University, Noida, India), Gębicki Jacek (Politechnika Gdańska, Poland), Generowicz Agnieszka (Politechnika Krakowska, Poland), Gnida Anna (Silesian University of Technology, Poland), Golovatyi Sergey (Belarusian State University, Belarus), Grabda Mariusz (General Tadeusz Kosciuszko Military Academy of Land Forces, Poland), Guo Xuetao (Northwest A&F University, China), Gusiatin Mariusz (Uniwersytet Warminsko-Mazurski, Polska), Han Lujia (Instytut Badań Systemowych PAN, Polska), Holnicki Piotr (Systems Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland), Houali Karim (University Mouloud MAMMERI, Tizi-Ouzou , Algeria), Iwanek Małgorzata (Lublin University of Technology, Poland), Janczukowicz Wojciech (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland), Jan-Roblero J. (Instituto Politécnico Nacional,Prol.de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n. Col. Sto. Tomás, Mexico), Jarosz-Krzemińska Elżbieta (AGH, Wydział Geologii, Geofizyki i Ochrony Środowiska, Katedra Ochrony Środowiska), Jaspal Dipika (Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), Symbiosis International (Deemed University), (SIU), Jorge Dominguez (Universidade de Vigo, Spain), Kabała Cezary (Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Poland), Kalka Joanna (Silesian University of Technology, Poland), Karaouzas Ioannis (Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Greece), Khadim Hussein (University of Baghdad, Iraq), Khan Moonis Ali (King Saud University, Saudi Arabia), Kojić Ivan (University of Belgrade, Serbia), Kongolo Kitala Pierre (University of Lubumbashi, Congo), Kozłowski Kamil (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, Poland), Kucharski Mariusz (IUNG Puławy, Poland), Lu Fan (Tongji University, China), Łukaszewski Zenon (Politechnika Poznańska; Wydział Technologii Chemicznej), Majumdar Pradeep (Addis Ababa Sciennce and Technology University, Ethiopia), Mannheim Viktoria (University of Miskolc, Hungary), Markowska-Szczupak Agata (Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie; Wydział Technologii i Inżynierii Chemicznej), Mehmood Andleeb (Shenzhen University, China), Mol Marcos (Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Brazil), Mrowiec Bożena (Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, Poland), Nałęcz-Jawecki Grzegorz (Zakład Toksykologii i Bromatologii, Wydział Farmaceutyczny, WUM), Ochowiak Marek (Politechnika Poznańska, Poland), Ogbaga Chukwuma (Nile University of Nigeria, Nigeria), Oleniacz Robert (AGH University of Science and Technology in Krakow, Poland), Pan Ligong (Northeast Forestry University, China) Paruch Adam (Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Norway), Pietras Dariusz (ATH Bielsko-Biała, Poland), Piotrowska-Seget Zofia (Uniwersytet Ślaski, Polska), Płaza Grażyna (IETU Katowice, Poland), Pohl Alina (IPIS PAN Zabrze, Poland), Poikane Sandra (European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy), Poluszyńska Joanna (Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute of Ceramics and Building Materials, Poland), Dudzińska Marzenna (Katedra Jakości Powietrza Wewnętrznego i Zewnętrznego, Politechnika Lubelska), Rawtani Deepak (National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar, India) Rehman Khalil (GC Women University Sialkot, Pakistan), Rogowska Weronika (Bialystok University of Technology, Poland), Rzeszutek Mateusz (AGH, Wydział Geodezji Górniczej i Inżynierii Środowiska, Katedra Kształtowania i Ochrony Środowiska), Saenboonruang Kiadtisak (Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok), Sebakhy Khaled (University of Groningen, Netherlands), Sengupta D.K. (Regional Research Laboratory, Bhubaneswar. India), Shao Jing (Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chile), Sočo Eleonora (Rzeszów University of Technology, Poland), Sojka Mariusz (Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poland), Sonesten Lars (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Sweden), Song Wencheng (Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Chinese), Song ZhongXian (Henan University of Urban Construction, China), Spiak Zofia (Uniwersyet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu, Poland), Srivastav Arun (Chitkara University, Himachal Pradesh, India), Steliga Teresa (Instytut Nafty i Gazu -Państwowy Instytut Badawczy, Poland), Surmacz-Górska Joanna (Silesian University of Technology, Poland), Świątkowski Andrzej (Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna, Poland), Symanowicz Barbara (Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities, Poland), Szklarek Sebastian (European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology, Polish Academy of Sciences), Tabina Amtul (GC University,Lahore, Pakistan), Tang Lin (Hunan University, China), Torrent Sergi (Innovación, Aigües de Manresa, S.A, Manresa, Spain, Spain), Trafiałek Joanna (Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland), Vijay U. (Department of Microb, Jaipur, India, India), Vojtkova Hana (University of Ostrava, Czech Republic), Wang Qi (City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong), Wielgosiński Grzegorz (Wydziału Inżynierii Procesowej i Ochrony Środowiska, Politechnika Łódzka), Wilk Pawel (IMGW-PIB, Poland), Wiśniewska Marta (Warsaw University of Technology, Poland), Yin Xianqiang (Northwest A&F University, Yangling China), Zając Grzegorz (University Of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland), Zalewski Maciej (European Regional Centre for Ecohydrologyunder the auspices of UNESCO, Poland), Zegait Rachid (Ziane Achour University of Djelfa), Zerafat Mohammad (Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran), Zgórska Aleksandra (Central Mining Institute, Poland), Zhang Chunhui (China University of Mining & Technology, China), Zhang Wenbo (Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou China), Zhu Guocheng (Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China), Zwierzchowski Ryszard (Zakład Systemów Ciepłowniczych i Gazowniczych, Politechnika Warszawska)

All Reviewers in 2021

Adamkiewicz Łukasz, Aksoy Özlem, Alwaeli Mohamed, Aneta Luczkiewicz, Anielak Anna, Antonkiewicz Jacek, Avino Pasquale, Babbar Deepakshi, Badura Marek, Bajda Tomasz, Biedka Paweł, Błaszczak Barbara, Bodzek Michał, Bogacki Jan, Burszta-Adamiak Ewa, Cheng Gan, Chojecka Agnieszka, Chrzanowski Łukasz, Chwojnowski Andrzej, Ciesielczuk Tomasz, Cimochowicz-Rybicka Małgorzata, Curren Emily, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska Agnieszka, Czajka Agnieszka, Danielewicz Jan, Dannowski Ralf, Daoud Mounir, Değermenci Gökçe, Dejan Dragan, Deluchat Véronique, Demirbaş Ahmet, Dong Shuying, Dudzińska Marzenna, Dunalska Julita, Franus Wojciech, G. Uchrin Christopher, Generowicz Agnieszka, Gębicki Jacek, Giergiczny Zbigniew, Gierszewski Piotr, Glińska-Lewczuk Katarzyna, Godłowska Jolanta, Gokalp Fulya, Gospodarek Janina, Górecki Tadeusz, Grabińska-Sota Elżbieta, Grifoni M., Gromiec Marek, Guo Xuetao, Gusiatin Zygmunt, Hartmann Peter, He Jianzhong, He Yong, Heese Tomasz, Hybská Helena, Imhoff Silvia, Iurchenko Valentina, Jabłońska-Czapla Magdalena, Janowski Mirosław, Jordanov Igor, Jóżwiakowski Krzysztof, Juśkiewicz Włodzimierz, Kabsch-Korbutowicz Małgorzata, Kalinowski Radosław, Kalka Joanna, Kapusta Paweł, Karczewska Anna, Karczmarczyk Agnieszka, Kicińska Alicja, Kiciński Jan, Kijowska-Strugała Małgorzata, Klejnowski Krzysztof, Kłosok-Bazan Iwona, Kolada Agnieszka, Konieczny Krystyna, Kostecki Maciej, Kowalczewska-Madura Katarzyna, Kowalczuk Marek, Kozielska Barbara, Kozłowski Kamil, Krzemień Alicja, Kulig Andrzej, Kwaśny Justyna, Kyzioł-Komosińska Joanna, Ledakowicz Stanislaw, Leites Luchese Claudia, Leszczyńska-Sejda Katarzyna, Li Mingyang, Liu Chao, Mahmood Khalid, Majewska-Nowak Katarzyna, Makisha Nikolay, Malina Grzegorz, Markowska-Szczupak Agata, Mocek Andrzej, Mokrzycki Eugeniusz, Molenda Tadeusz, Molkenthin Frank, Mosquera Corral Anuska, Muhmood Atif, Myrta Anna, Narayanasamy Selvaraju, Nzila Alexis, OIkuski Tadeusz, Oleniacz Robert, Pacyna Jozef, Pająk Tadeusz, Pal Subodh Chandra, Panagopoulos Argyris, Paruch Adam, Paszkowski Waldemar, Pawęska Katarzyna, Paz-Ferreiro Jorge, Paździor Katarzyna, Pempkowiak Janusz, Piątkiewicz Wojciech, Piechowicz Janusz, Piotrowska-Seget Zofia, Pisoni E., Piwowar Arkadiusz, Pleban Dariusz, Policht-Latawiec Agnieszka, Polkowska Żaneta, Poluszyńska Joanna, Rajca Mariola, Reizer Magdalena, Riesgo Fernández Pedro, Rith Monorom, Rybicki Stanisław, Rydzkowski Tomasz, Rzepa Grzegorz, Rzeźnik Wojciech, Rzętała Mariusz, Sabovljevic Marko, Scudiero Rosaria, Sekret Robert, Sheng Yanqing, Sławomir Stelmach, Słowik Leszek, Sočo Eleonora, Sojka Mariusz, Sophonrat Nanta, Sówka Izabela, Spiak Zofia, Stachowski Piotr, Stańczyk-Mazanek Ewa, Stebel Adam, Sulieman Magboul, Surmacz-Górska Joanna, Szalinska van Overdijk Ewa, Szczerbowski Radosław, Szetela Ryszard, Szopińska Kinga, Szymański Kazimierz, Ślipko Katarzyna, Tepe Yalçin, Tórz Agnieszka, Tyagi Uplabdhi, Uliasz-Bocheńczyk Alicja, Urošević Mira, Uzarowicz Łukasz, Vakili Mohammadtaghi, Van Harreveld A.P., Voutchkova Denitza, Wang Gang, Wang X.K., Werbińska-Wojciechowska Sylwia, Wiatkowski Mirosław, Wielgosiński Grzegorz, Wilk Pawel, Willner Joanna, Wisniewski Jacek, Wiśniowska Ewa, Włodarczyk-Makuła Maria, Wojciechowska Ewa, Wojnowska-Baryła Irena, Wolska Małgorzata, Wszołek Tadeusz, Wu Yonghua, Yusuf Mohammad, Zuberi Amina, Zuwała Jarosław, Zwoździak Jerzy.


All Reviewers in 2020

Adamiec Ewa, Adamkiewicz Łukasz, Ahammed M. Mansoor, Akcicek Ekrem, Ameur Houari, Anielak Anna, Antonkiewicz Jacek, Avino Pasquale, Badura Marek, Barabasz Wiesław, Barthakur Manoj, Battegazzore Daniele, Biedka Paweł, Bilek Maciej, Bisschop Lieselot, Błaszczak Barbara, Błażejewski Ryszard, Bochoidze Inga, Bodzek Michał, Bogacki Jan, Borella Paola, Borowiak Klaudia, Borralho Teresa, Boyacioglu Hülya, Bunjongsiri Kultida, Burszta-Adamiak Ewa, Calderon Raul, Chatveera Burachat Chatveera, Cheng Gan, Chiwa Masaaki, Chojnicki Józef, Chrzanowski Łukasz, Ciesielczuk Tomasz, Czajka Agnieszka, Czaplicka Marianna, Daoud Mounir, Dąbek Lidia, Değermenci Gökçe, Dejan Dragan, Deluchat Véronique, Dereszewska Alina, Dębowski Marcin, Dong Shuying, Dudzińska Marzenna, Dunalska Julita, Dymaczewski Zbysław, El-Maradny Amr, Farfan-Cabrera Leonardo, Filizok Işık, Franus Wojciech, García-Ávila Fernando, Gariglio N.F., Gaya M.S, Gebicki Jacek, Giergiczny Zbigniew, Glińska-Lewczuk Katarzyna, Gnida Anna, Gospodarek Janina, Grabińska-Sota Elżbieta, Gusiatin Zygmunt, Harnisz Monika, Hartmann Peter, Hawrot-Paw Małgorzata, He Jianzhong, Hirabayashi Satoshi, Hulisz Piotr, Imhoff Silvia, Iurchenko Valentina, Jabłońska-Czapla Magdalena, Jacukowicz-Sobala Irena, Jeż-Walkowiak Joanna, Jordanov Igor, Jóżwiakowski Krzysztof, Kabsch-Korbutowicz Małgorzata, Kajda-Szcześniak Małgorzata, Kalinowski Radosław, Kalka Joanna, Karczewska Anna, Karwowska Ewa, Kim Ki-Hyun, Klejnowski Krzysztof, Klojzy-Karczmarczyk Beata, Korniłłowicz-Kowalska Teresa, Korus Irena, Kostecki Maciej, Koszelnik Piotr, Koter Stanisław, Kowalska Beata, Kowalski Zygmunt, Kozielska Barbara, Krzyżyńska Renata, Kulig Andrzej, Kwarciak-Kozłowska Anna, Kyzioł-Komosińska Joanna, Lagzdins Ainis, Ledakowicz Stanislaw, Ligęza Sławomir, Liu Xingpo, Loga Małgorzata, Łebkowska Maria, Macherzyński Mariusz, Makisha Nikolay, Makowska Małgorzata, Masłoń Adam, Mazur Zbigniew, Michel Monika, Miechówka Anna, Miksch Korneliusz, Mnuchin Nathan, Mokrzycki Eugeniusz, Molkenthin Frank, Mosquera Corral Anuska, Muhmood Atif, Muntean Edward, Myrta Anna, Nahorski Zbigniew, Narayanasamy Selvaraju, Naumczyk Jeremi, Nawalany Marek, Noubactep C., Nowakowski Piotr, Obarska-Pempkowiak Hanna, Orge C.A., Paul Lothar, Pawęska Katarzyna, Paździor Katarzyna, Pempkowiak Janusz, Peña A., Pietr Stanisław, Piotrowska-Seget Zofia, Pisoni E., Płaza Grażyna, Polkowska Żaneta, Reizer Magdalena, Renman Gunno, Rith Monorom, Romanovski Valentin, Rybicki Stanisław, Rydzkowski Tomasz, Rzętała Mariusz, Sadeghi Mahdi, Sakakibara Yutaka, Scudiero Rosaria, Semaan Mary, Seredyński Franciszek, Sergienko Ruslan, Shen Yujun, Sheng Yanqing, Sidełko Robert, Sočo Eleonora, Sojka Mariusz, Sówka Izabela, Spiak Zofia, Stegenta-Dąbrowska Sylwia, Steliga Teresa, Sulieman Magboul, Surmacz-Górska Joanna, Suryadevara Nagaraja, Suska-Malawska Małgorzata, Szalinska van Overdijk Ewa, Szczerbowski Radosław, Szetela Ryszard, Szpyrka Ewa, Szulczyński Bartosz, Szwast Maciej, Szyszlak-Bargłowicz Joanna, Ślipko Katarzyna, Świetlik Ryszard, Tabernacka Agnieszka, Tepe Yalçin, Tobiszewski Marek, Treichel Wiktor, Tyagi Uplabdhi, Uliasz-Bocheńczyk Alicja, Uzarowicz Łukasz, Van Harreveld A.P., Wang X. K., Wasielewski Ryszard, Wiatkowski Mirosław, Wielgosiński Grzegorz, Willner Joanna, Wisniewski Jacek, Witczak Joanna, Witkiewicz Zygfryd, Włodarczyk Małgorzata, Włodarczyk-Makuła Maria, Wojciechowska Ewa, Wojtkowska Małgorzata, Xinhui Duan, Yang Chunping, Yaqian Zhao Yaqian, Załęska-Radziwiłł Monika, Zamorska Justyna, Zasina Damian, Zawadzki Jarosław, Zdeb Monika M., Zheng Guodi, Zhu Ivan X., Ziułkiewicz Maciej, Zuberi Amina, Zwoździak Jerzy, Żabczyński Sebastian, Żukowski Witold, Żygadło Maria.




Plagiarism Policy

Anti-plagiarism policy

In accordance with AEP requirements, the authors of all articles submitted to the Editorial Office declare that the paper is an original work. Articles that have been approved by the Editorial Board for further processing are checked for originality using the program and iThenticate. As plagiarism, the Editorial Board (according to the definition of plagiarism/anti-plagiarism) recognizes:

• claiming someone else's work or parts of it as your own;
• copying someone else's or your own (self-plagiarism) fragments of articles without reference to the publication (title of the work, names of authors) from which it was taken
• inserting fragments of other works into the article, changing only the order of the sentence or introducing only minor changes to it
• an article in which the copied fragments, despite citing their sources, constitute a significant/major part of the article.

In case of plagiarism/self-plagiarism, further work on this article is stopped and it is removed from the Editorial System. The authors of the article (via the corresponding author) submitted to the Editorial Office of the AEP are informed about the reasons for removing the article.

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