Nauki Techniczne

Archive of Mechanical Engineering

Zawartość

Archive of Mechanical Engineering | 2020 | vol. 67 | No 4

Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

For a deeper understanding of the inner ear dynamics, a Finite-Element model of the human cochlea is developed. To describe the unsteady, viscous creeping flow of the liquid, a pressure-displacement-based Finite-Element formulation is used. This allows one to efficiently compute the basilar membrane vibrations resulting from the fluid-structure interaction leading to hearing nerve stimulation. The results show the formation of a travelingwave on the basilar membrane propagating with decreasing velocity towards the peaking at a frequency dependent position. This tonotopic behavior allows the brain to distinguish between sounds of different frequencies. Additionally, not only the middle ear, but also the transfer behavior of the cochlea contributes to the frequency dependence of the auditory threshold. Furthermore, the fluid velocity and pressure fields show the effect of viscous damping forces and allow us to deeper understand the formation of the pressure difference, responsible to excite the basilar membrane.

Przejdź do artykułu

Bibliografia

[1] L. Robles and M.A. Ruggero. Mechanics of the mammalian cochlea. Physiological Reviews, 81(3):1305–1352, 2001. doi: 10.1152/physrev.2001.81.3.1305.
[2] M. Fleischer. Mehrfeldmodellierung und Simulation der äußeren Haarsinneszelle der Cochlea (Multifield modelling and simulation of the outer hair cells of the cochlea). Doctoral Thesis. Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, 2012. (in German).
[3] J. Baumgart. The hair bundle: Fluid-structure interaction in the inner ear. Doctoral Thesis. Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, 2010 .
[4] J. Tian, X. Huang, Z. Rao, N. Ta, and L. Xu. Finite element analysis of the effect of actuator coupling conditions on round window stimulation. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 15(4):1–19, 2015. doi: 10.1142/S0219519415500487.
[5] R.Z. Gan, B.P. Reeves, and X. Wang. Modeling of sound transmission from ear canal to cochlea. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 35:2180–2195, 2007. doi: 10.1007/s10439-007-9366-y.
[6] L. Xu, X. Huang, N. Ta, Z. Rao, and J. Tian. Finite element modeling of the human cochlea using fluid-structure interaction method. Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology, 15(3):1–13, 2015. doi: 10.1142/S0219519415500396.
[7] H.W. Ades and H. Engström. Anatomy of the inner ear. In: Keidel W.D., Neff W.D. (eds) Auditory System. Handbook of Sensory Physiology, vol. 5/1. Springer, Berlin, 1974. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-65829-7_5.
[8] C.R. Steele, G.J. Baker, J.A. Tolomeo, and D.E. Zetes-Tolometo. Cochlear mechanics. In: J.D. Bronzino (ed.) The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, CRC Press, 2006.
[9] S. Iurato. Functional implications of the nature and submicroscopic structure of the tectorial and basilar membranes. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 34(9):1386–1395, 1962. doi: 10.1121/1.1918355.
[10] H. Herwig. Strömungsmechanik: Einführung in die Physik von technischen Strömungen (Introduction to the Physics of Technical Flows). Springer Vieweg, Wiesbaden; 2008. (in German).
[11] H. Schlichting and K. Gersten. Boundary-Layer Theory, vol. 7. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2017.
[12] G.H. Keulegan and L.H. Carpenter. Forces on cylinders and plates in an oscillating fluid. Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards, 60:423–440, 1958.
[13] E. Zwicker. Über die Viskosität der Lymphe im Innenohr des Hausschweines (About the viscosity of the lymph in the inner ear of the domestic pig). Acta Otolaryngologica, 78(1-6): 65–72, 1974. (in German). doi: 10.3109/00016487409126327.
[14] M. Lesser and D. Berkley. Fluid mechanics of the cochlea. Part 1. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 51(3):497–512, 1972. doi: 10.1017/S0022112072002320.
[15] A. De Paolis, H. Watanabe, J. Nelson, M. Bikson, M. Marom, M. Packer, and L. Cardoso. Human cochlear hydrodynamics: A high-resolution μCT-based finite element study. Journal of Biomechanics, 50:209–216, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.11.020.
[16] L. Papula. Mathematische Formelsammlung (Mathematical Formula Collection). Springer Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2014. (in German).
[17] O.C. Zienkiewicz, R.L. Taylor, and J.Z. Zhu. The Finite Element Method: Its Basis and Fundamentals, 6 ed. Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2006.
[18] J.E. Sader. Frequency response of cantilever beams immersed in viscous fluids with applications to the atomic force microscope. Journal of Applied Physics, 84(1):64–76, 1998. doi: 10.1063/1.368002.
[19] E. de Boer. Auditory physics. Physical principles in hearing theory. Part 1. Physics Reports, 62(2):87–174, 1980. doi: 10.1016/0370-1573(80)90100-3.
[20] M.J. Wittbrodt, C.R. Steele, and S. Puria. Developing a physical model of the human cochlea using microfabrication methods. Audiology and Neurotology, 11(2):104–112, 2006. doi: 10.1159/000090683.
[21] C.R. Steele and J.G. Zais. Effect of coiling in a cochlear model. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 77(5):1849–1852, 1985. doi: 10.1121/1.391935.
[22] J. Wysocki. Dimensions of the human vestibular and tympanic scalae. Hearing Research, 135(1-2):39–46, 1999. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00088-X.
[23] M. Thorne, A.N. Salt, J.E. DeMott, M.M. Henson, O.W. Henson, and S.L. Gewalt. Cochlear fluid space dimensions for six species derived from reconstructions of resonance images. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 109(10):1661–1668, 1999. doi: 10.1097/00005537-199910000-00021.
[24] G. Herrmann and H. Liebowitz. Mechanics of Bone Fractures. Academic Press, New York, 1972.
[25] J. Kirikae. The Middle Ear. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1960.
[ 26] F. Atturo, M. Barbara, and H. Rask-Andersen. Is the human round window really round? An anatomic study with surgical implications. Otology and Neurotology, 35(8):1354–1360, 2014. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000332.
[27] M.V. Goycoolea and L. Lundman. Round window membrane. Structure, function and permeability. A review. Microscopy Research and Technique, 36(3):201–211, 1997. doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0029(19970201)36:3201::AID-JEMT8>3.0.CO;2-R.
[28] M. Kwacz, M. Mrówka, and J. Wysocki. Round window membrane motion before and after stapedotomy surgery. An experimental study. Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics, 13(3):27–33, 2011.
[29] X. Zhang and R.Z. Gan. Dynamic properties of human round window membrane in auditory frequencies running head: Dynamic properties of round window membrane. Medical Engineering & Physics, 35(3):310–318, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2012.05.003.
[30] A.A. Poznyakovskiy, T. Zahnert, Y. Kalaidzidis, N. Lazurashvili, R. Schmidt, H.J. Hardtke, B. Fischer, and Y.M. Yarin. A segmentation method to obtain a complete geometry model of the hearing organ. Hearing Research, 282(1-2):25–34, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2011.06.009.
[31] P. Leichsenring. Aufbereitung von Geometriedaten der menschlichen Cochlea (Preparation of geometry data for the human cochlea). Master Thesis. Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, 2012. (in German).
[32] E.G. Wever. The width of the basilar membrane in man. Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, 47:37–47, 1938.
[33] F. Böhnke. Finite Elemente Analysen zur Berechnung der Signalverarbeitung in der Cochlea (Analyses for computation of signal processing in the cochlea). Doctoral Thesis. Technische Universität Ilmenau, Germany, 1999. (in German).
[34] L.M. Cabezudo. The ultrastructure of the basilar membrane in the cat. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 86(1-6):160–175, 1978. doi: 10.3109/00016487809124733.
[35] S. Newburg, A. Zosuls, P. Barbone, and D. Mountain. Mechanical response of the basilar membrane to lateral micromanipulation. In: Concepts and Challenges in the Biophysics of Hearing. Proceedings of the 10th International Workshop on the Mechanics of Hearing, pages 240–246, 2009. doi: 10.1142/9789812833785_0038.
[36] V. Tsuprun and P. Santi. Ultrastructure and immunohistochemical identification of the extracellular matrix of the chinchilla cochlea. Hearing Research, 129(1-2):35–49, 1999. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5955(98)00219-6.
[37] I.U. Teudt and C.P. Richter. The hemicochlea preparation of the guinea pig and other mammalian cochleae. Journal of Neuroscience Methods, 162(1-2):187–197, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2007.01.012.
[38] M. Fleischer, R. Schmidt, and A.W. Gummer. Compliance profiles derived from a three-dimensional finite-element model of the basilar membrane. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 127(5):2973–2991, 2010. doi: 10.1121/1.3372752.
[39] J. Baumgart, M. Fleischer, and C. Steele. The traveling wave in the human inner ear studied by means of a finite-element model including middle and outer ear. In: Proceedings of the 23rd International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Greece, 2016.
[40] H. Altenbach, J.W. Altenbach, and W. Kissing. Mechanics of Composite Structural Elements. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2013.
[41] R.C. Naidu and D.C. Mountain. Basilar membrane tension calculations for the gerbil cochlea. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(2):994–1002, 2007. doi: 10.1121/1.2404916.
[42] S. Liu and R.D. White. Orthotropic material properties of the gerbil basilar membrane. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 123(4):2160–2171, 2008. doi: 10.1121/1.2871682.
[43] C.E. Miller. Structural implications of basilar membrane compliance measurements. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 77(4):146–1474, 1985. doi: 10.1121/1.392041.
[44] L. Schweitzer, C. Lutz, M. Hobbs, and S.P. Weaver. Anatomical correlates of the passive properties underlying the developmental shift in the frequency map of the mammalian cochlea. Hearing Research, 97(1-2):84–94, 1996. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5955(96)80010-4.
[45] R.C. Naidu and D.C. Mountain. Measurements of the stiffness map challenge. A basic tenet of cochlear theories. Hearing Research, 124(1-2):124–131, 1998. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5955(98)00133-6.
[46] H. Wada and T. Kobayashi. Dynamical behavior of middle ear: Theoretical study corresponding to measurement results obtained by a newly developed measuring apparatus. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87(1):237–245, 1990. doi: 10.1121/1.399290.
[47] M. Kwacz, P. Marek, P. Borkowski, and M. Mrówka. A three-dimensional finite element model of round window membrane vibration before and after stapedotomy surgery. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 12:1243–1261, 2013. doi: 10.1007/s10237-013-0479-y.
[48] P. Wahl. Simulation der Fluidströmung und Basilarmembranschwingung im menschlichen Innenohr (Simulation of fluid flow and basilar membrane vibrations in the human inner ear). Doctoral Thesis. Universität Stuttgart, Germany, 2018. (in German).
[49] J.H. Sim, M. Chatzimichalis, M. Lauxmann, C. Röösli, A. Eiber, and A. Huber. Complex stapes motion in human ears. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 11(3):329–341, 2010. doi: 10.1007/s10162-010-0207-6.
[50] S. Huang and E.S. Olson. Auditory nerve excitation via a non-traveling wave mode of basilar membrane motion. Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, 12:559–575, 2011. doi: 10.1007/s10162-011-0272-5.
[51] G. von Békésy. Experiments in Hearing. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1960.
[52] T.Ren. Longitudinal pattern of basilar membrane vibration in the sensitive cochlea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 99(26):17101–17106, 2002. doi: 10.1073/pnas.262663699.
[53] S. Stenfelt, S. Puria, N. Hato, and R.L. Goode. Basilar membrane and osseous spiral lamina motion in human cadavers with air and bone conduction stimuli. Hearing Research, 181(1-2):131–143, 2003. doi: 10.1016/S0378-5955(03)00183-7.
[54] S. Ramamoorthy, N.V. Deo, and K. Grosh. A mechano-electro-acoustical model for the cochlea: response to acoustic stimuli. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121(5):2758–2773, 2007. doi: 10.1121/1.2713725.
[55] W.E. Langlois and M.O. Deville. Slow Viscous Flow. 2nd ed. Springer, Cham, 2014. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-03835-3.
[56] E. Olson. Direct measurement of intra-cochlear pressure waves. Nature, 402:526–529, 1999. doi: 10.1038/990092.
[57] D.D. Greenwood. A cochlear frequency-position function for several species – 29 years later. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 87(6):2592–2605, 1990. doi: 10.1121/1.399052.
[58] H.G. Boenninghaus and T. Lenarz. HNO: Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde (Otorhinolaryngology). Springer, Berlin, 2007. (in German).
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Philipp Wahl
1
Pascal Ziegler
1
Peter Eberhard
1

  1. Institute of Engineering and Computational Mechanics, University of Stuttgart, Germany
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

Embedded delamination growth stability was analysed with the help of the FEM combined with a specially developed procedure for node relocation to obtain a smooth variation of the SERR components along the delamination contour. The procedure consisted in the replacement of the actual material with the very compliant fictitious one and the displacement of the delamination front nodes by the previously determined distance in a local coordinate system. Due to this loading, the new delamination front was created. Subsequently, the original material was restored. Evolution under inplane compression of three initially circular delaminations of diameters d = 30, 40 and 50 mm embedded in thin laminates of two different stacking sequences were considered. It was found that the growth history and the magnitude of the load that triggers unstable delamination growth depended mainly on the combined effects of the initial delamination size, delamination contour, out of plane post-buckling geometry of the disbonded layers, reinforcement arrangement, and magnitude and variation of the SERR components along the delamination contour. To present the combined effect of these features, an original concept of the effective resistance curve, G Reff , was introduced.
Przejdź do artykułu

Bibliografia


[1] C. Kassapoglou and J. Hammer. Design and analysis of composite structures with manufacturing flaws. Journal of American Helicopter Society, 35(4):46–52, 1990. doi: 10.4050/JAHS.35.46.
[2] R.C. Yu and A. Pandolfi. Modelling of delamination fracture in composites: a review. In: S. Sridharan (ed.), Delamination Behaviour of Composites, pages 429–451. Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge, 2008.
[3] H. Chai, C.D. Babcock, and W.G. Knausss. One dimensional modelling of failure in laminated plates by delamination buckling. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 17(11):1069–1083. 1981.
[4] J.D. Whitcomb. Finite element analysis of instability related delamination growth. Journal of Composite Materials, 15(5):403–426, 1981. doi: 10.1177/002199838101500502.
[5] V.V. Bolotin. Defects of the delamination type in composite structures. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 20(2):173–188, 1984. doi: 10.1007/BF00610358.
[6] L.M. Kachanov. Delamination Buckling of Composite Materials, pages 57–67, Kuwer Academic Press, 1988.
[7] G.R. Irwin. Fracture, Handbook der Physik (Fracture, Handbook of Physics), pages 551–590. Springer, Berlin, 1958. (in German).
[8] E.F. Rybicki and M.F. Kanninen. A finite element calculation of stress intensity factors by a modified crack closure integral. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 9(4):931–938, 1977. doi: 10.1016/0013-7944(77)90013-3.
[9] C. Bisagni, R. Vesccovini, and C.G. Davila. Assessment of the damage tolerance of post-buckled hat-stiffened panels using single-stringer specimens. In: 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference, paper no. AIAA2010-2696, Orlando, USA, 12–15 April, 2010. doi: 10.2514/6.2010-2696.
[10] J.D. Whitcomb. Three-dimensional analysis of a postbuckled embedded delamination. Journal of Composite Materials, 23(9):862–889, 1989. doi: 10.1177/002199838902300901.
[11] J.D. Whitcomb. Analysis of a laminate with a postbuckled embedded delamination, including contact effect. Journal of Composite Materials, 26(10):1523–1535, 1992. doi: 10.1177/002199839202601008.
[12] H. Okada, M. Higashi, M. Kikuchi, Y. Fukui, and N. Kumazawa. Three dimensional virtual crack closure-integral method (VCCM) with skewed and non-symmetric mesh arrangement at the crack front. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 72(11):1717–1737, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2004.12.005.
[13] D. Xie and S.B. Biggers Jr. Progressive crack growth analysis using interface element based on the virtual crack closure technique. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 42(11):977–984, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.finel.2006.03.007.
[14] D. Xie and S.B. Biggers Jr. Strain energy release rate calculation for a moving delamination front of arbitrary shape based on the virtual crack closure technique. Part I: Formulation and validation. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 73(6):771–785, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.07.013.
[15] D. Xie and S.B. Biggers Jr. Strain energy release rate calculation for a moving delamination front of arbitrary shape based on the virtual crack closure technique. Part II: Sensitivity study on modeling details. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 73(6):786–801, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2005.07.014.
[16] A.C. Orifici, R.S. Thomson, R. Egenhardt, C. Bisagni, and J. Bayandor. Development of a finite element analysis methodology for the propagation of delaminations in composite structures. Mechanics of Composite Materials, 43(1):9–28, 2007. doi: 10.1007/s11029-007-0002-6.
[17] A. Riccio, A. Raimondo, and F. Scaramuzzino. A robust numerical approach for the simulation of skin–stringer debonding growth in stiffened composite panels under compression. Composites Part B: Engineering, 71:131–142, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2014.11.007.
[18] D. Zou and C. Bisagni. Study of skin-stiffer separation in T-stiffened composite specimens in post-buckling condition. Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 31(4), 2018. doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)AS.1943-5525.0000849.
[19] A.C. Orifici, R.S. Thomson, R. Degenhardt, C. Bisagni, and J. Bayandor. A finite element methodology for analysing degradation and collapse in postbuckling composite aerospace structures. Journal of Composite Materials, 43(26):3239–3263, 2009. doi: 10.1177/0021998309345294.
[20] C.G. Dávila and C. Bisagni. Fatigue life and damage tolerance of postbuckled composite stiffened structures with initial delamination. Composite Structures, 161:73–84, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.11.033.
[21] E. Pietropaoli and A. Riccio. On the robustness of finite element procedures based on Virtual Crack Closure Technique and fail release approach for delamination growth phenomena. Definition and assessment of a novel methodology. Composites Science and Technology, 70(8):1288–1300, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2010.04.006.
[22] E. Pietropaoli and A. Riccio. Formulation and assessment of an enhanced finite element procedure for the analysis of delamination growth phenomena in composite structures. Composites Science and Technology, 71(6):836–846, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2011.01.026.
[23] Y.P. Liu, G.Q. Li, and C.Y. Chen. Crack growth simulation for arbitrarily shaped cracks based on the virtual crack closure technique. International Journal of Fracture, 185:1–15, 2014. doi: 10.1007/s10704-012-9790-3.
[24] Y.P. Liu, C.Y. Chen, and G.Q. Li. A modified zigzag approach to approximate moving crack front with arbitrary shape. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 78(2):234–251, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2010.08.007.
[25] A. Riccio, M. Damiano, A. Raimondo, G. di Felice, and A. Sellitto. A~fast numerical procedure for the simulation of inter-laminar damage growth in stiffened composite panels. Composite Structures, 145:203–216, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.02.081.
[26] K.F. Nilsson, L.E. Asp, J.E. Alpman, and L. Nysttedt. Delamination buckling and growth for delaminations at different depths in a slender composite panel. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38(17):3039–3071, 2001. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00189-X.
[27] R.A. Jurf and R.B. Pipes. Interlaminar fracture of composite materials. Journal of Composite Materials, 16(5):386–394, 1982. doi: 10.1177/002199838201600503.
[28] R.L. Ramkumar and J.D. Whitcomb. Characterisation of mode I and mixed-mode delamination growth in T300/5208 graphite/epoxy. In: W. Johnson (ed.), Delamination and Debonding of Materials, pages 315–335, ASTM, Philadelphia, 1985. doi: 10.1520/STP36312S.
[29] S. Hashemi, A.J. Kinloch, and J.G. Williams. The effects of geometry, rate and temperature on mode I, mode II and mixed-mode I/II interlaminar fracture of carbon-fibre/poly(ether-ether-ketone) composites. Journal of Composite Materials, 24(9):918–956, 1990. doi: 10.1177/002199839002400902.
[30] S. Hashemi, A.J. Kinloch, and J.G. Williams. Mixed-mode fracture in fiber-polymer composite laminates. In: T. O'Brien (ed.) Composite Materials: Fatigue and Fracture, vol. 3, pages 143–168, ASTM ASTM, Philadelphia, 1991. doi: 10.1520/STP17717S.
[31] C. Hwu, C.J. Kao, and L.E. Chang. Delamination fracture criteria for composite laminates. Journal of Composite Materials, 29(15):1962–1987, 1995. doi: 10.1177/002199839502901502.
[32] M.L. Benzeggagh and M. Kenane. Measurement of mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness of unidirectional glass/epoxy composites with mixed-mode bending apparatus. Composites Science and Technology, 56:439–449, 1996.
[33] N.B. Adeyemi, K.N. Shivakumar, and V.S. Avva. Delamination fracture toughness of woven-fabric composites under mixed-mode loading. AIAA Journal, 37(4):517–520, 1999. doi: 10.2514/2.747.
[34] J.R. Reeder. 3D mixed-mode delamination fracture criteria – an experimentalist's perspective. In: American Society for Composites 21st Annual Technical Conference, document ID: 20060048260, Dearborn, USA, 2006.
[35] R. Kruger. Virtual crack closure technique: History, approach, and applications. Applied Mechanics Reviews, 57(2):109–143, 2004. doi: 10.1115/1.1595677.
[36] E.J. Barbero. Finite Element Analysis of Composite Materials, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2014.
[37] J.W. Hutchinson, M.E. Mear, and J.R. Rice. Crack paralleling an interface between dissimilar materials. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 54(4):828–832, 1987. doi: 10.1115/1.3173124.
[38] M.A. Tashkinov. Modelling of fracture processes in laminate composite plates with embedded delamination. Frattura ed Integrita Strutturale, 11(39):248–262, 2017.
[39] A.B. Pereira and A.B. de Morais. Mode II interlaminar fracture of glass/epoxy multidirectional laminates. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 35(2):265–272, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesa.2003.09.028.
[40] A.B. Pereira and A.B. de Morais. Mode I interlaminar fracture of carbon/epoxy multidirectional laminates. Composites Science and Technology, 64(13-14):2261–2270, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2004.03.001.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Piotr Czarnocki
1
Tomasz Zagrajek
1

  1. Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland.
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

System identification is an approach for parameter detection and mathematical model determination using response signals of a dynamic system. Two degrees of freedom (2DOF) pendulum controlled by a QUBE-servo motor is a great experiment device to work with; though it is not easy to control this system due to its complex structure and multi-dimensional outputs. Hence, system identification is required for this system to analyze and evaluate its dynamic behaviors. This paper presents a methodology for identifying a 2DOF pendulum and its dynamic behaviors including noise from an encoder cable. Firstly, all parameters from both mechanical and electrical sides of the QUBE-servo motor are analyzed. Secondly, a mathematical model and identified parameters for the 2DOF pendulum are illustrated. Finally, disturbances from encoder cable of the QUBE-servo motor which introduce an unwanted oscillation or self-vibration in this system are introduced. The effect of itself on output response signals of the 2DOF QUBE-pendulum is also discussed. All identified parameters are checked and verified by a comparison between a theoretical simulation and experimental results. It is found that the disturbance from encoder cable of the 2DOF QUBE-pendulum is not negligible and should be carefully considered as a certain factor affecting response of system.

Przejdź do artykułu

Bibliografia

[1] H. Hjalmarsson. System identification of complex and structured systems. European Journal of Control, 15(3-4): 275–310, 2019. doi: 10.3166/ejc.15.275-310.
[2] L. Ljung. System Identification: Theory for the User. 2nd edition, Pearson, 1998.
[3] P.V. Dang, S. Chatterton, P. Pennacchi, and A. Vania. Numerical investigation of the effect of manufacturing errors in pads on the behaviour of tilting-pad journal bearings. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 232(4):480–500, 2018. doi: 10.1177/1350650117721118.
[4] P.V. Dang, S. Chatterton, and P. Pennacchi. The effect of the pivot stiffness on the performances of five-pad tilting pad bearings. Lubricants, 7(7):61, 2019. doi: 10.3390/lubricants7070061.
[5] S. Chatterton, P. Pennacchi, A. Vania, and P.V. Dang. Cooled pads for tilting-pad journal bearings. Lubricants, 7(10):92, 2019. doi: 10.3390/lubricants7100092.
[6] S. Chatterton, P. Pennacchi, A. Vania, A. De Luca, and P.V. Dang. Tribo-design of lubricants for power loss reduction in the oil-film bearings of a process industry machine: Modelling and experimental tests. Tribology International, 130:133–145, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2018.09.014.
[7] M.Q. Phan and J.A. Frueh. System identification and learning control. In: Z. Bien, J-X. Xu, editors, Iterative Learning Control, chapter 15, pages 285–310. Springer, Boston, MA, 1998. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4615-5629-9_15.
[8] C. Shravankumar and R. Tiwari. Experimental identification of cracked rotor system parameters from the forward and backward whirl responses. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 66(3):329–353, 2019. doi: 10.24425/ame.2019.129679.
[9] D.K. Roy and R. Tiwari. Development of identification procedure for the internal and external damping in a cracked rotor system undergoing forward and backward whirls. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 66(2):229–255, 2019. doi: 10.24425/ame.2019.128446.
[10] A. Wadi, J. Lee, and L. Romdhane. Nonlinear sliding mode control of the Furuta pendulum. 2018 11th International Symposium on Mechatronics and its Applications (ISMA), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 4–6 March 2018. doi: 10.1109/ISMA.2018.8330131.
[11] J.L.D. Madrid, E.A.G. Querubín, and P.A. Ospina-Henao. Predictive control of a Furata pendulum. 2017 IEEE 3rd Colombian Conference on Automatic Control (CCAC), Cartagena, Colombia, 18–20 October, 2017. doi: 10.1109/CCAC.2017.8276483.
[12] I. Paredes, M. Sarzosa, M. Herrera, P. Leica, and O. Camacho. Optimal-robust controller for Furuta pendulum based on linear model. 2017 IEEE Second Ecuador Technical Chapters Meeting (ETCM), Salinas, Equador, 16–20 October, 2017. doi: 10.1109/ETCM.2017.8247510.
[13] M. Antonio-Cruz, R. Silva-Ortigoza, J. Sandoval-Gutiérrez, C.A. Merlo-Zapata, H. Taud, C.Márquez-Sánchez, and V.M.Hernandez-Guzmán. Modeling, simulation, and construction of a Furuta pendulum test-bed. 2015 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computers (CONIELECOMP), pages 72–79, Cholula, Mexico, 25–27 February, 2015. doi: 10.1109/CONIELECOMP.2015.7086928.
[14] P.X. La Hera, L.B. Freidovich, A.S. Shiriaev, and U. Mettin. New approach for swinging up the Furuta pendulum: Theory and experiments. Mechatronics, 19(8):1240–1250, 2009. doi: 10.1016/j.mechatronics.2009.07.005.
[15] K. Furuta and M. Iwase. Swing-up time analysis of pendulum. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, 52(3):153–163, 2004.
[16] K. Andrzejewski, M. Czyżniewski, M. Zielonka, E. Łangowski, and T. Zubowicz. A comprehensive approach to double inverted pendulum modelling. Archives of Control Sciences, 29(3):459–483, 2019. doi: 10.24425/acs.2019.130201.
[17] M. Gäfvert, J. Svensson, and K.J. Astrom. Friction and friction compensation in the Furuta pendulum. 1999 European Control Conference (ECC), pages 3154–3159, Karlsruhe, Germany, 31 August – 3 September, 1999. doi: 10.23919/ECC.1999.7099812.
[18] QUBE-servo Experiment for LabVIEW Users. Student book. Quanser System, 2014.
[19] A. Kathpal and A. Singla. SimMechanics™ based modeling, simulation and real-time control of Rotary Inverted Pendulum. 2017 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), pages 166–172, Coimbatore, India, 5–6 January, 2017. doi: 0.1109/ISCO.2017.7855975.
[20] D.L. Peters. Design of a higher order attachment for the Quanser Qube. 2016 American Control Conference, pages 6634–6639, Boston, USA, 6–8 July, 2016. doi: 10.1109/ACC.2016.7526715.
[21] R.M. Reck. Validating DC motor models on the Quanser Qube Servo. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference (DSCC2018), V002T16A005, Atlanta, USA, 30 September–3 October, 2018. doi: 10.1115/DSCC2018-9158.
[22] Y.V. Hote. Analytical design of lead compensator for Qube Servo system with inertia disk: An experimental validation. 2016 2nd International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Informatics (IC3I), pages 341–346, Noida, India, 14–17 December 2016. doi: 10.1109/IC3I.2016.7917986.
[23] N. Krishnan. Estimation and Control of the Nonlinear Rotary Inverted Pendulum: Theory and Hardware Implementation. M.Sc. Thesis, San Diego State University, San Diego, USA, 2019.
[24] A. Bisoi, A.K. Samantaray, and R. Bhattacharyya. Control strategies for DC motors driving rotor dynamic systems through resonance. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 411:304–327, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2017.09.014.
[25] G. Bartolini, E. Punta, and T. Zolezzi. Approximability properties for second-order sliding mode control systems. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 52(10):1813–1825, 2007. doi: 10.1109/TAC.2007.906179.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Hoai Nam Le
1
Phuoc Vinh Dang
1
Anh-Duc Pham
1
Nhu Thanh Vo
1

  1. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Danang – University of Science andTechnology, Danang, Vietnam.
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

In this paper, a comprehensive study is carried out on the dynamic behaviour of Euler–Bernoulli and Timoshenko beams resting on Winkler type variable elastic foundation. The material properties of the beam and the stiffness of the foundation are considered to be varying along the length direction. The free vibration problem is formulated using Rayleigh-Ritz method and Hamilton’s principle is applied to generate the governing equations. The results are presented as non-dimensional natural frequencies for different material gradation models and different foundation stiffness variation models. Two distinct boundary conditions viz., clamped-clamped and simply supported-simply supported are considered in the analysis. The results are validated with existing literature and excellent agreement is observed between the results.

Przejdź do artykułu

Bibliografia


[1] J. Neuringer and I. Elishakoff. Natural frequency of an inhomogeneous rod may be independent of nodal parameters. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 456(2003):2731–2740, 2000. doi: 10.1098/rspa.2000.0636.
[2] I. Elishakoff and S. Candan. Apparently first closed-form solution for vibrating: inhomogeneous beams. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38(19):3411–3441, 2001. doi: 10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00266-3.
[3] Y. Huang and X.F. Li. A new approach for free vibration of axially functionally graded beams with non-uniform cross-section. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 329(11):2291–2303, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2009.12.029.
[4] M. Şimşek, T. Kocatürk, and Ş.D. Akbaş.. Dynamic behavior of an axially functionally graded beam under action of a moving harmonic load. Composite Structures, 94(8):2358–2364, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.03.020.
[5] B. Akgöz and Ö. Civalek. Free vibration analysis of axially functionally graded tapered Bernoulli–Euler microbeams based on the modified couple stress theory. Composite Structures, 98:314-322, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.11.020.
[6] K. Sarkar and R. Ganguli. Closed-form solutions for axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams having uniform cross-section and fixed–fixed boundary condition. Composites Part B: Engineering, 58:361–370, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.10.077.
[7] M. Rezaiee-Pajand and S.M. Hozhabrossadati. Analytical and numerical method for free vibration of double-axially functionally graded beams. Composite Structures, 152:488–498, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.05.003.
[8] M. Javid and M. Hemmatnezhad. Finite element formulation for the large-amplitude vibrations of FG beams. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 61(3):469–482, 2014. doi: 10.2478/meceng-2014-0027.
[9] W.R. Chen, C.S. Chen and H. Chang. Thermal buckling of temperature-dependent functionally graded Timoshenko beams. Archive of Mechanical Engineering, 66(4): 393–415, 2019. doi: 10.24425/ame.2019.131354.
[10] W.Q. Chen, C.F. Lü, and Z.G. Bian. A mixed method for bending and free vibration of beams resting on a Pasternak elastic foundation. Applied Mathematical Modelling, 28(10):877–890, 2004. doi: 10.1016/j.apm.2004.04.001.
[11] J. Ying, C.F. Lü, and W.Q. Chen. Two-dimensional elasticity solutions for functionally graded beams resting on elastic foundations. Composite Structures, 84(3):209–219, 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2007.07.004.
[12] T. Yan, S. Kitipornchai, J. Yang, and X.Q. He. Dynamic behaviour of edge-cracked shear deformable functionally graded beams on an elastic foundation under a moving load. Composite Structures, 93(11):2992–3001, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2011.05.003.
[13] A. Fallah and M.M. Aghdam. Nonlinear free vibration and post-buckling analysis of functionally graded beams on nonlinear elastic foundation. European Journal of Mechanics – A/Solids, 30(4):571–583, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.euromechsol.2011.01.005.
[14] A. Fallah and M.M. Aghdam. Thermo-mechanical buckling and nonlinear free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams on nonlinear elastic foundation. Composites Part B: Engineering, 43(3):1523–1530, 2012. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2011.08.041.
[15] H. Yaghoobi and M. Torabi. An analytical approach to large amplitude vibration and post-buckling of functionally graded beams rest on non-linear elastic foundation. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics, 51(1):39–52, 2013.
[16] A.S. Kanani, H. Niknam, A.R. Ohadi, and M.M. Aghdam. Effect of nonlinear elastic foundation on large amplitude free and forced vibration of functionally graded beam. Composite Structures, 115:60–68, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.04.003.
[17] N. Wattanasakulpong and Q. Mao. Dynamic response of Timoshenko functionally graded beams with classical and non-classical boundary conditions using Chebyshev collocation method. Composite Structures, 119:346–354, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2014.09.004.
[18] F.F. Calim. Free and forced vibration analysis of axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams on two-parameter viscoelastic foundation. Composites Part B: Engineering, 103:98–112, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.08.008.
[19] H. Deng, K. Chen, W. Cheng, and S. Zhao. Vibration and buckling analysis of double-functionally graded Timoshenko beam system on Winkler-Pasternak elastic foundation. Composite Structures, 160:152–168, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.027.
[20] H. Lohar, A. Mitra, and S. Sahoo. Nonlinear response of axially functionally graded Timoshenko beams on elastic foundation under harmonic excitation. Curved and Layered Structures, 6(1):90–104, 2019. doi: 10.1515/cls-2019-0008.
[21] B. Karami and M. Janghorban. A new size-dependent shear deformation theory for free vibration analysis of functionally graded/anisotropic nanobeams. Thin-Walled Structures, 143:106227, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2019.106227.
[22] I. Esen. Dynamic response of a functionally graded Timoshenko beam on two-parameter elastic foundations due to a variable velocity moving mass. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 153–154:21–35, 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2019.01.033.
[23] L.A. Chaabane, F. Bourada, M. Sekkal, S. Zerouati, F.Z. Zaoui, A. Tounsi, A. Derras, A.A. Bousahla, and A. Tounsi. Analytical study of bending and free vibration responses of functionally graded beams resting on elastic foundation. Structural Engineering and Mechanics, 71(2):185–196, 2019. doi: 10.12989/sem.2019.71.2.185.
[24] M. Eisenberger and J. Clastornik. Vibrations and buckling of a beam on a variable Winkler elastic foundation. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 115(2):233–241, 1987. doi: 10.1016/0022-460X(87)90469-X.
[25] A. Kacar, H.T. Tan, and M.O. Kaya. Free vibration analysis of beams on variable Winkler elastic foundation by using the differential transform method. Mathematical and Computational Applications, 16(3):773–783, 2011. doi: 10.3390/mca16030773.
[26] A. Mirzabeigy and R. Madoliat. Large amplitude free vibration of axially loaded beams resting on variable elastic foundation. Alexandria Engineering Journal, 55(2):1107–1114, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.aej.2016.03.021.
[27] H. Zhang, C.M. Wang, E. Ruocco, and N. Challamel. Hencky bar-chain model for buckling and vibration analyses of non-uniform beams on variable elastic foundation. Engineering Structures, 126:252–263, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.engstruct.2016.07.062.
[28] M.H. Yas, S. Kamarian, and A. Pourasghar. Free vibration analysis of functionally graded beams resting on variable elastic foundations using a generalized power-law distribution and GDQ method. Annals of Solid and Structural Mechanics, 9(1-2):1–11, 2017. doi: 10.1007/s12356-017-0046-9.
[29] S.K. Jena, S. Chakraverty, and F. Tornabene. Vibration characteristics of nanobeam with exponentially varying flexural rigidity resting on linearly varying elastic foundation using differential quadrature method. Materials Research Express, 6(8):085051, 2019. doi: 10.1088/2053-1591/ab1f47.
[30] S. Kumar, A. Mitra, and H. Roy. Geometrically nonlinear free vibration analysis of axially functionally graded taper beams. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 18(4):579–593, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2015.04.003.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Saurabh Kumar
1

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum andEnergy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, 248007, India.
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

A compliant beam subjected to large deformation is governed by a multifaceted nonlinear differential equation. In the context of theoretical mechanics, solution for such equations plays an important role. Since it is hard to find closed-form solutions for this nonlinear problem and attempt at direct solution results in linearising the model. This paper investigates the aforementioned problem via the multi-step differential transformation method (MsDTM), which is well-known approximate analytical solutions. The nonlinear governing equation is established based on a large radius of curvature that gives rise to curvature-moment nonlinearity. Based on established boundary conditions, solutions are sort to address the free vibration and static response of the deforming flexible beam. The geometrically linear and nonlinear theory approaches are related. The efficacy of the MsDTM is verified by a couple of physically related parameters for this investigation. The findings demonstrate that this approach is highly efficient and easy to determine the solution of such problems. In new engineering subjects, it is forecast that MsDTM will find wide use.

Przejdź do artykułu

Bibliografia

[1] L.L. Howell, S.P. Magleby, and B.M. Olsen. Handbook of Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley, 2013. doi: 10.1002/9781118516485.
[2] K.E. Bisshopp and D.C. Drucker. Large deflection of cantilever beams. Quarterly of Applied Mathematics, 3(3):272–275, 1945. doi: 10.1090/qam/13360.
[3] T.M. Wang. Nonlinear bending of beams with concentrated loads. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 285(5):386–390, 1968. doi: 10.1016/0016-0032(68)90486-9.
[4] T.M. Wang. Non-linear bending of beams with uniformly distributed loads. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 4(4):389–395, 1969. doi: 10.1016/0020-7462(69)90034-1.
[5] I.S. Sokolnikoff and R.D. Specht. Mathematical Theory of Elasticity. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1956.
[6] R. Frisch-Fay. Flexible bars. Butterworths, 1962.
[7] S.P. Timoshenko and J.M. Gere. Theory of Elastic Stability. Courier Corporation, 2009.
[8] L.L. Howell. Compliant Mechanisms. Wiley, New York, 2001.
[9] T. Beléndez, C. Neipp, and A. Beléndez. Large and small deflections of a cantilever beam. European Journal of Physics, 23(3):371–379, 2002. doi: 10.1088/0143-0807/23/3/317.
[10] T. Beléndez, M. Pérez-Polo, C. Neipp, and A. Beléndez. Numerical and experimental analysis of large deflections of cantilever beams under a combined load. Physica Scripta, 2005(T118):61–64. 2005. doi: 10.1238/Physica.Topical.118a00061.
[11] K. Mattiasson. Numerical results from large deflection beam and frame problems analysed by means of elliptic integrals. Interational Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 17(1):145–153, 1981. doi: 10.1002/nme.1620170113.
[12] F. De Bona and S. Zelenika. A generalised elastica-type approach to the analysis of large displacements of spring-strips. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 211(7):509–517, 1997. doi: 10.1243/0954406971521890.
[13] H.-J. Su. A pseudorigid-body 3R model for determining large deflection of cantilever beams subject to tip loads. Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics, 1(2):021008, 2009. doi: 10.1115/1.3046148.
[14] H. Tari, G.L. Kinzel, and D.A. Mendelsohn. Cartesian and piecewise parametric large deflection solutions of tip point loaded Euler–Bernoulli cantilever beams. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 100:216–225, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.ijmecsci.2015.06.024.
[15] Y.V. Zakharov and K.G. Okhotkin. Nonlinear bending of thin elastic rods. Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics, 43(5):739–744, 2002. doi: 10.1023/A:1019800205519.
[16] M. Batista. Analytical treatment of equilibrium configurations of cantilever under terminal loads using Jacobi elliptical functions. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 51(13):2308–2326, 2014, doi: 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2014.02.036.
[17] R. Kumar, L.S. Ramachandra, and D. Roy. Techniques based on genetic algorithms for large deflection analysis of beams. Sadhana, 29(6):589–604, 2004.
[18] M. Dado and S. Al-Sadder. A new technique for large deflection analysis of non-prismatic cantilever beams. Mechanics Research Communications, 32(6):692–703, 2005. doi: 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2005.01.004.
[19] B.S. Shvartsman. Large deflections of a cantilever beam subjected to a follower force. Journal of Sound and Vibration, 304(3-5):969–973, 2007. doi: 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.03.010.
[20] M. Mutyalarao, D. Bharathi, and B.N. Rao. On the uniqueness of large deflections of a uniform cantilever beam under a tip-concentrated rotational load. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 45(4):433–441, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2009.12.015.
[21] M.A. Rahman, M.T. Siddiqui, and M.A. Kowser. Design and non-linear analysis of a parabolic leaf spring. Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 37:47–51, 2007. doi: 10.3329/jme.v37i0.819.
[22] D.K. Roy and K.N. Saha. Nonlinear analysis of leaf springs of functionally graded materials. Procedia Engineering, 51:538–543, 2013. doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2013.01.076.
[23] A. Banerjee, B. Bhattacharya, and A.K. Mallik. Large deflection of cantilever beams with geometric nonlinearity: Analytical and numerical approaches. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 43(5):366–376, Jun. 2008. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2007.12.020.
[24] L. Chen. An integral approach for large deflection cantilever beams. International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics, 45(3)301–305, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnonlinmec.2009.12.004.
[25] C.A. Almeida, J.C.R. Albino, I.F.M. Menezes, and G.H. Paulino. Geometric nonlinear analyses of functionally graded beams using a tailored Lagrangian formulation. Mechanics Research Communications, 38(8):553–559, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.mechrescom.2011.07.006.
[26] M. Sitar, F. Kosel, and M. Brojan. Large deflections of nonlinearly elastic functionally graded composite beams. Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, 14(4):700–709, 2014., doi: 10.1016/j.acme.2013.11.007.
[27] D.K. Nguyen. Large displacement behaviour of tapered cantilever Euler–Bernoulli beams made of functionally graded material. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 237:340–355, 2014. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2014.03.104.
[28] S. Ghuku and K.N. Saha. A theoretical and experimental study on geometric nonlinearity of initially curved cantilever beams. Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal, 19(1):135–146, 2016. doi: 10.1016/j.jestch.2015.07.006.
[29] A.M. Tarantino, L. Lanzoni, and F.O. Falope. The Bending Theory of Fully Nonlinear Beams. Springer, Cham, 2019. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-14676-4.
[30] S.J. Salami. Large deflection geometrically nonlinear bending of sandwich beams with flexible core and nanocomposite face sheets reinforced by nonuniformly distributed graphene platelets. Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials, 22(3):866–895, 2020. doi: 10.1177/1099636219896070.
[31] T.T. Akano. An explicit solution to continuum compliant cantilever beam problem with various variational iteration algorithms. Advanced Engineering Forum, 32:1–13, 2019. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.32.1.
[32] J.K. Zhou. Differential Transformation and its Applications for Electrical Circuits. Huazhong University Press, Wuhan, China, 1986.
[33] S.K. Jena and S. Chakraverty. Differential quadrature and differential transformation methods in buckling analysis of nanobeams. Curved and Layered Structures, 6(1)68–76, 2019. doi: 10.1515/cls-2019-0006.
[34] M. Kumar, G.J. Reddy, N.N. Kumar, and O A. Bég. Application of differential transform method to unsteady free convective heat transfer of a couple stress fluid over a stretching sheet. Heat Transfer – Asian Research, 48(2):582–600, 2019. doi: 10.1002/htj.21396.
[35] G.C. Shit and S. Mukherjee. Differential transform method for unsteady magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid flow in the presence of thermal radiation. Journal of Nanofluids, 8(5):998–1009, 2019. doi: 10.1166/jon.2019.1643.
[36] D. Nazari and S. Shahmorad. Application of the fractional differential transform method to fractional-order integro-differential equations with nonlocal boundary conditions. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 234(3):883–891, Jun. 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.cam.2010.01.053.
[37] M.A. Rashidifar and A.A. Rashidifar. Analysis of vibration of a pipeline supported on elastic soil using differential transform method. American Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 1(4):96–102, 2013. doi: 10.12691/ajme-1-4-4.
[38] Y. Xiao. Large deflection of tip loaded beam with differential transformation method. Advanced Materials Research, 250-253:1232–1235, 2011. doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.250-253.1232.
[39] Z.M. Odibat, C. Bertelle, M.A. Aziz-Alaoui, and G.H.E. Duchamp. A multi-step differential transform method and application to non-chaotic or chaotic systems. Computers & Mathematics with Applications, 59(4):1462–1472, 2010. doi: 10.1016/j.camwa.2009.11.005.
[40] A. Arikoglu and I. Ozkol. Solution of differential-difference equations by using differential transform method. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 181(1):153–162, 2006. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2006.01.022.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Theddeus Tochukwu Akano
1
Patrick Shola Olayiwola
1

  1. University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria.
Pobierz PDF Pobierz RIS Pobierz Bibtex

Abstrakt

A numerical solution is presented to investigate the influence of the geometry and the amplitude of the transverse ridge on the characteristics of elastohydrodynamic lubrication for point contact problem under steady state condition. Several shapes of ridges with different amplitudes are used in the stationary case, such as flattop ridge, cosine wave ridge and sharp ridge of triangular shape. Results of film thickness and pressure distributions of the aforementioned ridge feature are presented at different locations through an elastohydrodynamically lubricated contact zone for different amplitude of the ridge. Simulations were performed using the Newton-Raphson iteration technique to solve the Reynolds equation. The numerical results reveal that, to predict optimum solution for lubricated contact problem with artificial surface roughness, the geometrical characteristics of the ridge should have profiles with smooth transitions such as those of a cosine wave shape with relatively low amplitude to reduce pressure spike and therefore cause the reduction in the film thickness. The position of the location of the ridge across the contact zone and the amplitude of the ridge play an important role in the formation of lubricant film thickness and therefore determine the pressure distribution through the contact zone.

Przejdź do artykułu

Bibliografia

[1] R. Gohar and H. Rahnejat. Fundamentals of Tribology. Imperial College Press, London, 2008.
[2] N. Patir and H.S. Cheng. An average flow model for determining effects of three-dimensional roughness on partial hydrodynamic lubrication. Journal of Lubrication Technology, 100(1):12–17, 1978. doi: 10.1115/1.3453103.
[3] D. Epstein, T. Yu, Q.J. Wang, L.M. Keer, H.S. Cheng, S. Liu, S.J. Harris, and A. Gangopadhyay. An efficient method of analyzing the effect of roughness on fatigue life in mixed-EHL contact. Tribology Transactions, 46(2):273–281, 2003. doi: 10.1080/10402000308982626.
[4] Q.J. Wang, D. Zhu, H.S. Cheng, T. Yu, X. Jiang, and S. Liu. Mixed lubrication analyses by a macro-micro approach and a full-scale mixed EHL model. Journal of Tribology, 126(1):81–91, 2004. doi: 10.1115/1.1631017.
[5] M. Masjedi and M.M. Khonsari. On the effect of surface roughness in point-contact EHL: formulas for film thickness and asperity load. Tribology International, 82(Part A):228–244, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2014.09.010.
[6] Y.Z. Hu and D. Zhu. A full numerical solution to the mixed lubrication in point contacts. Journal of Tribology, 122(1):1–9, 2000. doi: 10.1115/1.555322.
[7] B. Jacod, C.H. Venner, and P.M. Lugt. Influence of longitudinal roughness on friction in EHL contacts. Journal of Tribology, 126(3):473–481, 2004. doi: 10.1115/1.1705664.
[8] P. Yang, J. Cui, Z.M. Jin, and D. Dowson. Influence of two-sided surface waviness on the EHL behavior of rolling/sliding point contacts under thermal and non-Newtonian conditions. Journal of Tribology, 130(4):041502, 2008. doi: 10.1115/1.2958078.
[9] J. Wang, C.H. Venner, and A.A. Lubrecht. Amplitude reduction in EHL line contacts under rolling sliding conditions. Tribology International, 44(12):1997–2001, 2011. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2011.08.009.
[10] C.H. Venner and A.A. Lubrecht. Numerical simulation of a transverse ridge in a circular EHL contact under rolling/sliding. Journal of Tribology, 116(4):751–761, 1994. doi: 10.1115/1.2927329.
[11] M.J.A. Holmes, H.P. Evans, T.G. Hughes, and R.W. Snidle. Transient elastohydrodynamic point contact analysis using a new coupled differential deflection method Part 1: Theory and validation. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 217(4):289–304, 2003. doi: 10.1243/135065003768618641.
[12] A. Félix-Quiñonez, P. Ehret, and J.L. Summers. Numerical analysis of experimental observations of a single transverse ridge passing through an elastohydrodynamic lubrication point contact under rolling/sliding conditions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 218(2):109–123, 2004. doi: 10.1177/135065010421800206.
[13] A. Félix-Quiñonez, P. Ehret, J.L. Summers, and G.E. Morales-Espejel. Fourier analysis of a single transverse ridge passing through an elastohydrodynamically lubricated rolling contact: a comparison with experiment. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 218(1):33–43, 2004. doi: 10.1243/135065004322842816.
[14] M. Kaneta, H. Nishikawa and K. Matsuda. Behaviour of transverse ridges passing through a circular EHL conjunction. In: Snidle R.W., Evans H.P. (eds) IUTAM Symposium on Elastohydrodynamics and Micro-elastohydrodynamics, pages 189–200, Cardiff, UK, 1–3 September, 2004. doi: 10.1007/1-4020-4533-6_13.
[15] I. Křupka, M. Hartl, L. Urbanec, and J. Čermák. Single dent within elastohydrodynamic contact – comparison between experimental and numerical results. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 221(6):635–644, 2007. doi: 10.1243/13506501JET276.
[16] X. Feng Wang, R.F. Hu, W. Shang and F. Zhao. Experimental and numerical investigation on single dent with marginal bump in EHL point contacts. Industrial Lubrication and Tribology, 69(2):798-807, 2017.
[17] I. Ficza, P. Sperka, and M. Hartl. Transient calculations in elastohydrodynamically lubricated point contacts. Engineering Mechanics, 21(5):311–319, 2014.
[18] P. Sperka. In-situ studium zmeny topografie trecích povrchu v elastohydrodynamickém kontaktu (In-situ Study of Surface Topography changes in Elastoydrodynamic Contact). Ph.D. Thesis. Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic, 2011. (in Czech).
[19] F. Ali, M. Kaneta, I. Křupka, and M. Hartl. Experimental and numerical investigation on the behavior of transverse limited micro-grooves in EHL point contacts. Tribology International, 84:81–89, 2015. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2014.11.025.
[20] P. Sperka, I. Křupka, and M. Hartl. Prediction of shallow indentation effects in a rolling-sliding ehl contact based on amplitude attenuation theory. Tribology Online, 12(1):1–7, 2017. doi: 10.2474/trol.12.1.
[21] D. Kostal, P. Sperka, I. Křupka, and M. Hartl. Artificial surface roughness deformation in the starved EHL contacts. Tribology Online, 13(1):1–7, 2018. doi: 10.2474/trol.13.1.
[22] T. Hultqvist, A. Vrcek, P. Marklund, B. Prakash, and R. Larsson. Transient analysis of surface roughness features in thermal elastohydrodynamic contacts. Tribology International, 141:105915, 2020. doi: 10.1016/j.triboint.2019.105915.
[23] M.F. Al-Samieh and H. Rahnejat. Nano-lubricant film formation due to combined elastohydrodynamic and surface force action under isothermal conditions. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 215(9):1019–1029, 2001. doi: 10.1177/095440620121500902.
[24] M.F. Al-Samieh. Effect of changing ellipiticity ratio on the formation of ultra-thin lubricating film. Tribology in Industry, 39(4):431–443, 2017. doi: 10.24874/ti.2017.39.04.02.
[25] M.F. Al-Samieh. Surface roughness effects for newtonian and non-Newtonian lubricants. Tribology in Industry, 41(1):56–63, 2019. doi: 10.24874/ti.2019.41.01.07.
[26] D. Dowson and G.R. Higginson. A numerical solution to the elastohydrodynamic problem. Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science, 1(1):6–15, 1959. doi: 10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1959_001_004_02.
[27] C.J.A. Roelands. Correlation aspects of viscosity-temperature-pressure relationship of lubricating oils. Ph.D. Thesis. Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands, 1966.
Przejdź do artykułu

Autorzy i Afiliacje

Mohamed F. Abd Al-Samieh
1

  1. Mechanical Design & Production Department, Military Technical College, Cairo, Egypt.

Instrukcja dla autorów

About the Journal
Archive of Mechanical Engineering is an international journal publishing works of wide significance, originality and relevance in most branches of mechanical engineering. The journal is peer-reviewed and is published both in electronic and printed form. Archive of Mechanical Engineering publishes original papers which have not been previously published in other journal, and are not being prepared for publication elsewhere. The publisher will not be held legally responsible should there be any claims for compensation. The journal accepts papers in English.

Archive of Mechanical Engineering is an Open Access journal. The journal does not have article processing charges (APCs) nor article submission charges.

Original high quality papers on the following topics are preferred:

  • Mechanics of Solids and Structures,
  • Fluid Dynamics,
  • Thermodynamics, Heat Transfer and Combustion,
  • Machine Design,
  • Computational Methods in Mechanical Engineering,
  • Robotics, Automation and Control,
  • Mechatronics and Micro-mechanical Systems,
  • Aeronautics and Aerospace Engineering,
  • Heat and Power Engineering.

All submissions to the AME should be made electronically via Editorial System - an online submission and peer review system at: https://www.editorialsystem.com/ame

More detailed instructions for Authors can be found there.

Recenzenci


The Editorial Board of the Archive of Mechanical Engineering (AME) sincerely expresses gratitude to the following individuals who devoted their time to review papers submitted to the journal. Particularly, we express our gratitude to those who reviewed papers several times.

List of reviewers in 2023

Sara I. ABDELSALAM – University of California Riverside, United States
M. ARUNA – Liwa College of Technology, United Arab Emirates
Krzysztof BADYDA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Nathalie BÄSCHLIN – Kunstmuseum Bern, Germany
Joanna BIJAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Tomas BODNAR – The Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
Dariusz BUTRYMOWICZ – Białystok University of Technology, Poland
Suleyman CAGAN – Mechanical Engineering, Mersin University, Turkey
Claudia CASAPULLA – University of Naples Federico II, Italy
Peng CHEN – Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
Yao CHENG – Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
Jan de JONG – University of Twente, Netherlands
Mariusz DEJA – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Jerzy EJSMONT – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
İsmail ESEN – Karabuk University, Turkey
Pedro Javier GAMEZ-MONTERO – Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Spain
Aman GARG – National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, India
Michał HAĆ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Satoshi ISHIKAWA – Kyushu University, Japan
Jacek JACKIEWICZ – Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
Krzysztof JAMROZIAK – Wrocław University of Technology, Poland
Hong-Lae JANG – Changwon National University, Korea (South)
Łukasz JANKOWSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Albizuri JOSEBA – University of the Basque Country, Spain
Łukasz KAPUSTA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Dariusz KARDAŚ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Panagiotis KARMIRIS-OBRATAŃSKI – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Sivakumar KARTHIKEYAN – SRM Nagar
Tarek KHELFA – Hunan University of Humanities Science and Technology, China
Sven-Joachim KIMMERLE – Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Thomas KLETSCHKOWSKI – HAW Hamburg, Germany
Piotr KLONOWICZ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, PAS, Gdansk, Poland
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Mariusz KOSTRZEWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maria KOTELKO – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Michał KOWALIK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Zbigniew KRZEMIANOWSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdańsk, Poland
Slawomir KUBACKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Mieczysław KUCZMA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Waldemar KUCZYŃSKI – The Koszalin University of Technology, Poland
Rafał KUDELSKI – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Rajesh KUMAR – Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, India
Mustafa KUNTOĞLU – Selcuk University, Turkey
Anna LEE – Pohang University of Science and Technology, South Korea, Korea (South)
Guolong LI – Chongqing University, China
Luxian LI – Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
Yingchao LI – Ludong University, Yantai, China
Xiaochuan LIN – Nanjing Tech University, China
Zhihong LIN – HuaQiao University, China
Yakun LIU – Massachusetts Institute of Technology, United States
Jinjun LU – Northwest University, Xiʼan, China
Paweł MACIĄG – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Paweł MALCZYK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Emil MANOACH – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
Mihaela MARIN – “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galati, Romania
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Krzysztof MIANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Tran MINH TU – Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, Viet Nam
Farhad Sadegh MOGHANLOU – University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
Mohsen MOTAMEDI – University of Isfahan, Iran
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mohamed NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Huu-That NGUYEN – Nha Trang University, Viet Nam
Tan-Luy NGUYEN – Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, Viet Nam
Viorel PALEU – Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Nicolae PANC – Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Marcin PĘKAL – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Van Vinh PHAM – Le Quy Don Technical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
Vaclav PISTEK – Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Paweł PYRZANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Lei QIN – Beijing Information Science & Technology University, China
Milan RACKOV – University of Novi Sad, Serbia
Yuriy ROMASEVYCH – National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev, Ukraine
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Andrzej SACHAJDAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Mirosław SEREDYŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maciej SUŁOWICZ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Biswajit SWAIN – National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, India
Tadeusz SZYMCZAK – Motor Transport Institute, Warsaw, Poland
Reza TAHERDANGKOO – Institute of Geotechnics, Freiberg, Germany
Rulong TAN – Chongqing University of Technology, China
Daniel TOBOŁA – Łukasiewicz Research Network - Cracow Institute of Technology, Poland
Milan TRIFUNOVIĆ – University of Niš, Serbia
Duong VU – Duy Tan University, Viet Nam
Shaoke WAN – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Dong WEI – Northwest A&F University, Yangling , China
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Mateusz WRZOCHAL – Kielce University of Technology, Poland
Hugo YAÑEZ-BADILLO – TecNM: Tecnológico de Estudios Superiores de Tianguistenco, Mexico
Guichao YANG – Nanjing Tech University, China
Xiao YANG – Chongqing Technology and Business University, China
Yusuf Furkan YAPAN – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Luhe ZHANG – Chongqing University, China
Xiuli ZHANG – Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China

List of reviewers in 2022
Isam Tareq ABDULLAH – Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq
Ahmed AKBAR – University of Technology, Iraq
Nandalur AMER AHAMMAD – University of Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
Ali ARSHAD – Riga Technical University, Latvia
Ihsan A. BAQER – University of Technology, Iraq
Thomas BAR – Daimler AG, Stuttgart, Germany
Huang BIN – Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, China
Zbigniew BULIŃSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Onur ÇAVUSOGLU – Gazi University, Turkey
Ali J CHAMKHA – Duy Tan University, Da Nang , Vietnam
Dexiong CHEN – Putian University, China
Xiaoquan CHENG – Beihang University, Beijing, China
Piotr CYKLIS – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Agnieszka DĄBSKA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Raphael DEIMEL – Berlin University of Technology, Germany
Zhe DING – Wuhan University of Science and Technology, China
Anselmo DINIZ – University of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
Paweł FLASZYŃSKI – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdańsk, Poland
Jerzy FLOYRAN – University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
Xiuli FU – University of Jinan, China
Piotr FURMAŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Artur GANCZARSKI – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Ahmad Reza GHASEMI– University of Kashan, Iran
P.M. GOPAL – Anna University, Regional Campus Coimbatore, India
Michał GUMNIAK – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Bali GUPTA – Jaypee University of Engineering and Technology, India
Dmitriy GVOZDYAKOV – Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia
Jianyou HAN – University of Science and Technology, Beijing, China
Tomasz HANISZEWSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Juipin HUNG – National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
T. JAAGADEESHA – National Institute of Technology, Calicut, India
Jacek JACKIEWICZ – Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
JC JI – University of Technology, Sydney, Australia
Feng JIAO – Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China
Daria JÓŹWIAK-NIEDŹWIEDZKA – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Rongjie KANG – Tianjin University, China
Dariusz KARDAŚ – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdansk, Poland
Leif KARI – KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden
Daria KHANUKAEVA – Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas, Russia
Sven-Joachim KIMMERLE – Universität der Bundeswehr München, Germany
Yeong-Jin KING – Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia
Kaushal KISHORE – Tata Steel Limited, Jamshedpur, India
Nataliya KIZILOVA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Adam KLIMANEK – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Australia
Maria KOTEŁKO – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Roman KRÓL – Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, Poland
Krzysztof KUBRYŃSKI – Airforce Institute of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Mieczysław KUCZMA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Paweł KWIATOŃ – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Lihui Lang – Beihang University, China
Rafał LASKOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Guolong Li – Chongqing University, China
Leo Gu LI – Guangzhou University, China
Pengnan LI – Hunan University of Science and Technology, China
Nan LIANG – University of Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
Michał LIBERA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Wen-Yi LIN – Hungkuo Delin University of Technology, Taiwan
Wojciech LIPINSKI – Austrialian National University, Canberra, Australia
Linas LITVINAS – Vilnius University, Lithuania
Paweł MACIĄG – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Krishna Prasad MADASU – National Institute of Technology Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
Trent MAKI – Amino North America Corporation, Canada
Marco MANCINI – Institut für Energieverfahrenstechnik und Brennstofftechnik, Germany
Piotr MAREK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Phani Kumar MEDURI – VIT-AP University, Amaravati, India
Fei MENG – University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, China
Saleh MOBAYEN – University of Zanjan, Iran
Vedran MRZLJAK – Rijeka University, Croatia
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Mohamed Fawzy NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Paweł OCŁOŃ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Yusuf Aytaç ONUR – Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Turkey
Grzegorz ORZECHOWSKI – LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
Halil ÖZER – Yıldız Technical University, Turkey
Muthuswamy PADMAKUMAR – Technology Centre Kennametal India Ltd., Bangalore, India
Viorel PALEU – Gheorghe Asachi Technical University of Iasi, Romania
Andrzej PANAS – Warsaw Military Academy, Poland
Carmine Maria PAPPALARDO – University of Salerno, Italy
Paweł PARULSKI – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Antonio PICCININNI – Politecnico di Bari, Italy
Janusz PIECHNA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Vaclav PISTEK – Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic
Grzegorz PRZYBYŁA – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Paweł PYRZANOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
K.P. RAJURKARB – University of Nebraska-Lincoln, United States
Michał REJDAK – Institute of Chemical Processing of Coal, Zabrze, Poland
Krzysztof ROGOWSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Juan RUBIO – University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Wagner Figueiredo SACCO – Universidade Federal Fluminense, Petropolis, Brazil
Andrzej SACHAJDAK – Silesian University of Technology, Poland
Bikash SARKAR – NIT Meghalaya, Shillong, India
Bozidar SARLER – University of Lubljana, Slovenia
Veerendra SINGH – TATA STEEL, India
Wieńczysław STALEWSKI – Institute of Aviation, Warsaw, Poland
Cyprian SUCHOCKI – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Maciej SUŁOWICZ – Cracov University of Technology, Poland
Wojciech SUMELKA – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Tomasz SZOLC – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Oskar SZULC – Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery, Gdansk, Poland
Rafał ŚWIERCZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Raquel TABOADA VAZQUEZ – University of Coruña, Spain
Halit TURKMEN – Istanbul Technical University, Turkey
Daniel UGURU-OKORIE – Federal University, Oye Ekiti, Nigeria
Alper UYSAL – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Yeqin WANG – Syndem LLC, United States
Xiaoqiong WEN – Dalian University of Technology, China
Szymon WOJCIECHOWSKI – Poznan University of Technology, Poland
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Guenter WOZNIAK – Technische Universität Chemnitz, Germany
Guanlun WU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Xiangyu WU – University of California at Berkeley, United States
Guang XIA – Hefei University of Technology, China
Jiawei XIANG – Wenzhou University, China
Jinyang XU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University,China
Jianwei YANG – Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, China
Xiao YANG – Chongqing Technology and Business University, China
Oguzhan YILMAZ – Gazi University, Turkey
Aznifa Mahyam ZAHARUDIN – Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
Zdzislaw ZATORSKI – Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
S.H. ZHANG – Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Yu ZHANG – Shenyang Jianzhu University, China
Shun-Peng ZHU – University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
Yongsheng ZHU – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China

List of reviewers of volume 68 (2021)
Ahmad ABDALLA – Huaiyin Institute of Technology, China
Sara ABDELSALAM – University of California, Riverside, United States
Muhammad Ilman Hakimi Chua ABDULLAH – Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Malaysia
Hafiz Malik Naqash AFZAL – University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
Reza ANSARI – University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
Jeewan C. ATWAL – Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
Hadi BABAEI – Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Sakthi BALAN – K. Ramakrishnan college of Engineering, Trichy, India
Leszek BARANOWSKI – Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Elias BRASSITOS – Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
Tadeusz BURCZYŃSKI – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Nguyen Duy CHINH – Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam
Dorota CHWIEDUK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Adam CISZKIEWICZ – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Meera CS – University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Duhradun, India
Piotr CYKLIS – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Abanti DATTA – Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur, India
Piotr DEUSZKIEWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Dinesh DHANDE – AISSMS College of Engineering, Pune, India
Sufen DONG – Dalian University of Technology, China
N. Godwin Raja EBENEZER – Loyola-ICAM College of Engineering and Technology, Chennai, India
Halina EGNER – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Fehim FINDIK – Sakarya University of Applied Sciences, Turkey
Artur GANCZARSKI – Cracow University of Technology, Poland
Peng GAO – Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
Rafał GOŁĘBSKI – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Andrzej GRZEBIELEC – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Ngoc San HA – Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Mehmet HASKUL – University of Sirnak, Turkey
Michal HATALA – Technical University of Košice, Slovak Republic
Dewey HODGES – Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, United States
Hamed HONARI – Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, United States
Olga IWASINSKA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Emmanuelle JACQUET – University of Franche-Comté, Besançon, France
Maciej JAWORSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Xiaoling JIN – Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
Halil Burak KAYBAL – Amasya University, Turkey
Vladis KOSSE – Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
Krzysztof KUBRYŃSKI – Air Force Institute of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Waldemar KUCZYŃSKI – Koszalin University of Technology, Poland
Igor KURYTNIK – State Higher School in Oswiecim, Poland
Daniel LESNIC – University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Witold LEWANDOWSKI – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Guolu LI – Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, China
Jun LI – Xi’an Jiaotong University, China
Baiquan LIN – China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Dawei LIU – Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, China
Luis Norberto LÓPEZ DE LACALLE – University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain
Ming LUO – Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China
Xin MA – Shandong University, Jinan, China
Najmuldeen Yousif MAHMOOD – University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Arun Kumar MAJUMDER – Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur, India
Paweł MALCZYK – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Miloš MATEJIĆ – University of Kragujevac, Serbia
Norkhairunnisa MAZLAN – Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
Dariusz MAZURKIEWICZ – Lublin University of Technology, Poland
Florin MINGIREANU – Romanian Space Agency, Bucharest, Romania
Vladimir MITYUSHEV – Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland
Adis MUMINOVIC – University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Baraka Olivier MUSHAGE – Université Libre des Pays des Grands Lacs, Goma, Congo (DRC)
Tomasz MUSZYŃSKI – Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Mohamed NASR – National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
Driss NEHARI – University of Ain Temouchent, Algeria
Oleksii NOSKO – Bialystok University of Technology, Poland
Grzegorz NOWAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Iwona NOWAK – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Samy ORABY – Pharos University in Alexandria, Egypt
Marcin PĘKAL – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Bo PENG – University of Huddersfield, United Kingdom
Janusz PIECHNA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Maciej PIKULIŃSKI – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
T.V.V.L.N. RAO – The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jaipur, India
Andrzej RUSIN – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Artur RUSOWICZ – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Benjamin SCHLEICH – Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
Jerzy SĘK – Lodz University of Technology, Poland
Reza SERAJIAN – University of California, Merced, USA
Artem SHAKLEIN – Udmurt Federal Research Center, Izhevsk, Russia
G.L. SHI – Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, China
Muhammad Faheem SIDDIQUI – Vrije University, Brussels, Belgium
Jarosław SMOCZEK – AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Poland
Josip STJEPANDIC – PROSTEP AG, Darmstadt, Germany
Pavel A. STRIZHAK – Tomsk Polytechnic University, Russia
Vadym STUPNYTSKYY – Lviv Polytechnic National University, Ukraine
Miklós SZAKÁLL – Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany
Agnieszka TOMASZEWSKA – Gdansk University of Technology, Poland
Artur TYLISZCZAK – Czestochowa University of Technology, Poland
Aneta USTRZYCKA – Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Warsaw, Poland
Alper UYSAL – Yildiz Technical University, Turkey
Gabriel WĘCEL – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Marek WĘGLOWSKI – Welding Institute, Gliwice, Poland
Frank WILL – Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
Michał WODTKE – Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland
Marek WOJTYRA – Warsaw University of Technology, Poland
Włodzimierz WRÓBLEWSKI – Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
Hongtao WU – Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China
Jinyang XU – Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
Zhiwu XU – Harbin Institute of Technology, China
Zbigniew ZAPAŁOWICZ – West Pomeranian University of Technology, Szczecin, Poland
Zdzislaw ZATORSKI – Polish Naval Academy, Gdynia, Poland
Wanming ZHAI – Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
Xin ZHANG – Wenzhou University of Technology, China
Su ZHAO – Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, China



Ta strona wykorzystuje pliki 'cookies'. Więcej informacji