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Since the Green Revolution, higher crop production has caused a significant decrease in available soil elements. Microelement deficiencies have become a factor that limits the productivity of agricultural crops around the world. Recent advances in bionanotechnology have opened the way to the development of biocompatible foliar nanofertilisers with higher nutrient utilization efficiency. It was assumed that the applied foliar fertilisation would have a positive effect on the growth and development of plants. The application of fertiliser positively affected the parameters analysed of plant gas exchange (net photosynthesis rate (PN), transpiration rate (E), stomatal conductance (gs), intercellular conductance (Ci)) and chlorophyll content and its fluorescence (relative chlorophyll content (CCI), maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem (Fv/Fm), maximum quantum efficiency of primary photochemistry (Fv/F0), photosynthetic efficiency index (PI), total number of active absorption reaction centers (RC/ABS)). Compared to the control, in most analyses, the most stimulating effect was observed for fertiliser concentrations of 0.25 to 0.30% (except Ci – 0.35%). However, the effectiveness of the applied doses depended on the measurement date. To clearly determine the dose that will have the most stimulating effect on the analysed parameters and at the same time will not be toxic to plants, more research should be conducted, especially under field conditions.
The present study attempted to identify the current status and stressors affecting spring water properties in an urban area, using the example of the Warsaw agglomeration. For this purpose, they study monitored hydrological and hydrochemical properties of three springs, each draining a Quaternary porous aquifer and representing different anthropopressure across the city. The measurements of discharge and physico-chemical parameters were carried out regularly twice a month from June 2023 to May 2024, while the chemical composition, including main cations and anions, was determined once every two-month period using ion chromatography. The results documented a good agreement between the degree and timing of impact of human-induced alternations and the physico-chemical properties of spring waters. The highest total dissolved solids (TDS) and concentrations of Cl−, SO42−, and Na+ were measured in the most urbanised areas. Seasonal changes in the spring water chemistry, primarily in terms of main anions, confirmed their anthropogenic origin, related to different deposition and migration over time. A comparison with archival data proved significant long-term transformation of spring properties, including gradual decrease of their discharge, increase in water temperature, and changes to the hydrochemical type. Such an evolution of groundwater quality reflects the impact of climate warming and human activities, including increase in the degree of imperviousness as a result of urbanisation, application of road maintenance chemicals, and emission of pollution to the atmosphere. The results provide the most recent insight on shallow groundwater status and stressors in Warsaw and reflect intensive modification of the aquifer system across the urban environment.
The estimation and potential exploitation of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions, especially in the watersheds of Northern Algeria, where climatic variability affects the transformation of precipitation into river flow, needs to be based on effective management of these resources depends on understanding hydrological relationships. This must be grounded in knowledge and probable mastery of the phenomena governing their formation under local physico-geographical conditions, particularly in ungauged watershed areas.
The objective of this approach is to develop a general and regional model for estimating interannual average flow (IAF) at the level of ungauged basins. This model is based on the analysing and identifying the influence of local factors such as the surface area of the watershed, relief, geology, soils, and plant cover. Its development relies on statistical and grapho-analytical methods.
The results demonstrate that the watershed area and climatic flow are key parameters, which indicate the dependency of the climatic coefficient kobs on these two factors and give good correlations, which vary from 0.615 to 0.92. Hence, the model was established based on these two parameters and found to perform well in estimating IAF, according to the performance criteria.
Groundwater contamination with fluoride is a major global issue, contributing to 65% of endemic fluorosis cases worldwide. This study evaluates the seasonal variations in groundwater fluoride concentrations and their connection to health risks in the Tolon District, Ghana. A total of ninety-seven groundwater samples were examined over two seasons to assess fluoride (F−) concentrations. Levels of F− varied from undetectable levels to 1.30 mg∙dm−3 and had an average of 0.24 mg∙dm−3 during the rainy season. In the dry season, it varied from undetectable levels to 2.08 mg∙dm−3 and had an average of 0.36 mg∙dm−3. Significant spatial and temporal variations were observed, with lower fluoride levels in the northern part of the area and higher levels in the southern region during both seasons. Approximately 84% and 74% of samples fell into group I (optimal for dental health), and 16% and 21% into group II (moderate risk of dental fluorosis) during rainy and dry seasons, respectively. Additionally, 5% of the samples during the dry season fell into group III (high risk of dental fluorosis). Hazard quotient (HQ) values for fluoride varied widely, with higher risks observed in children compared to adults during both seasons. This study highlights that children in the Tolon district face greater risks of fluorosis than adults, emphasising the need for targeted mitigation strategies. The research contributes significantly to addressing the pressing global issue of water quality and public health, offering insights that can guide both immediate interventions and long-term sustainability efforts in affected regions.
In Europe, Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis) are invasive catadromous crustaceans that are increasingly prevalent and at the same time actively removed from the aquatic environment. In contrast, in Asia, the muscles, hepatopancreas, and gonads of these crustaceans are a traditional source of food with high nutritional value. A significant abundance of these crustaceans found in the southern Baltic Sea watershed, along with findings from previous studies on their nutritional value, indicate that the meat of these crabs could serve as an additional food source for both humans and animals, including in Europe. When evaluating the meat’s worth, vitamin content plays a crucial role, which remains unknown in individuals from invasive populations. The aim of this study was to assess the content of fat-soluble vitamins A, E, and D in the edible parts of male and female crabs during two migratory seasons: spring and autumn. The results showed that the average content of vitamins A, D, and E in the edible parts of Chinese mitten crabs was 0.226 ±0.143 ng∙mg−1, 0.844 ±0.683 ng∙mg−1, and 1.418 ±1.199 μg∙mg−1, respectively. Muscles exhibited the highest content of vitamins A and D, while the hepatopancreas contained the most vitamin E. Smaller differences in vitamin content were noted between the sex of the crabs and the seasons of migration. The results show that Chinese mitten crabs can be a valuable source of vitamins A, E, and D, opening potential opportunities for utilizing their meat in the food industry and as a dietary supplement.
The red scale insect Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a major pest of guava trees in different parts of the world. This study aims to determine the population abundance and spatial distribution pattern of A. aurantii during the two successive growing seasons of 2022–2023 and 2023–2024. This pest was surveyed every two weeks in a private guava grove located in the Armant district of the Luxor region of Egypt. The results showed that individuals of A. aurantii were found on the leaf surfaces of guava trees at varying densities throughout the year. In the south-eastern site, where population density remained continuously high during the two years of the study, the pest favoured the upper leaf surface in the basal canopy layer. In this context, the spatial distribution pattern of A. aurantii at all sites on the guava tree was aggregated using dispersion measures over the two years. To distinguish the estimates of A. aurantii individuals in the sixteen coordinates studied, the cluster analysis method was used in conjunction with correlation analysis. Principal component analysis was performed, followed by two-dimensional analysis of sixteen coordinates to establish their correlation. Based on the findings of this study, an integrated pest management strategy can now be developed to help mitigate pest populations of A. aurantii found in guava tree orchards.
Accurate interpretation of pumping test data in stratified aquifers requires approaches that account for vertical heterogeneity, a factor often neglected in conventional analytical solutions. This study presents a Pythodriven axisymmetric numerical modelling framework, built using MODFLOW 6 and FloPy, to simulate both pumping and recovery phases in vertically heterogeneous confined aquifers.
The model discretises the domain radially and vertically to allow layer-specific representation of hydraulic conductivity, while specific storage is assigned uniformly. An optimisation-based inverse modelling approach was used to estimate aquifer parameters by minimising the difference between observed and simulated drawdowns. Applied to a case study in Bahariya, Egypt, the results yielded hydraulic conductivity values consistent with the site’s stratigraphy – ranging from approximately 10−5 m∙d−1 in shale to over 27 m∙d−1 in limestone – and a specific storage of 4∙10−8 m−1. The simulated radius of influence was 133.67 m, and the root mean square error between the observed and simulated drawdown was 0.01 m.
Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that vertical discretisation had the greatest influence on model accuracy, with coarser grids increasing residual error by nearly 90% and reducing the radius of influence by 9%. The temporal resolution had minimal impact on accuracy but significantly affected computation time.
This framework offers an open-source, automated, and script-based tool for simulating pumping tests in layered aquifer systems, enabling more reliable estimation of hydraulic parameters for both scientific and applied groundwater studies.
Journal of Water and Land Development List of reviewers 2024
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