Humanities and Social Sciences

Nauka

Description

Quarterly NAUKA is the official scientific journal of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The quarterly is publishing the reviewed original research papers and reviews articles from various fields of science, as well as articles devoted to the current problems concerning organization of science and higher education. The journal is intended to the whole scientific society and to all interested in recent problems of science and higher education.

ISSN

ISSN 1231-8515

Publishers

Biuro Upowszechniania i Promocji Nauki PAN

Komitet Redakcyjny:

JERZY BRZEZIŃSKI – redaktor naczelny
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza
Instytut Psychologii – Poznań
e-mail: brzezuam@amu.edu.pl

ANDRZEJ B. LEGOCKI
Polska Akademia Nauk
Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej – Poznań
e-mail: legocki@ibch.poznan.pl

ELŻBIETA SARNOWSKA-TEMERIUSZ
Polska Akademia Nauk
Instytut Badań Literackich – Warszawa
e-mail: ibadlit@ibl.waw.pl

ANDRZEJ WÓJTOWICZ – sekretarz redakcji
Instytut Chemii Bioorganicznej PAN
Ośrodek Wydawnictw Naukowych – Poznań
e-mail: wojtow@man.poznan.pl

Redakcja kwartalnika NAUKA
61-713 Poznań, ul. Wieniawskiego 17/19
tel.: (+48-61) 8528503, faks: (+48-61) 8520532
e-mail: wojtow@man.poznan.pl

Volumes
Instructions for authors

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Content

Nauka | 2023 | No 3

1 Front pages

Nauka | 2023 | No 3

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2 Populism as a disease of democracy

Janusz Reykowski

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 7-19

Keywords: populism emotional-motivational processes cognitive processes personality

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Abstract

Populism is understood here according to the widely accepted definition by C. Mudde as a para-ideology containing two components, anti-elitism and the sovereignty of the people. It expresses itself in the form of social movements, specific forms of policy pursued, which sustains or inspires social conflicts, and at the same time is intended to please the people. Politics is led by a charismatic leader who gains legitimacy through elections, but the conditions of electoral competition are modified in various ways to ensure the success of the populist party and its leader. The article discusses the results of psychological research that deal with the psychological determinants of populist attitudes. They concern the emotionalmotivational and cognitive functioning of those who accept the para-ideology of populism and populist power. The genesis of populism is also discussed, which is related to some important defects in liberal democracies.

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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Reykowski

e-mail:

ORCID:

Instytut Psychologii PAN, Warszawa

3 What are the sources of outgroup negativity? The complexity of group identification in Poland

Dominik Puchała , Michał Bilewicz

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 21-43 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.146064

Keywords: national identity in-group centrality broad identifications acceptanceof minorities

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Abstract

Group identity is both a fundamental issue for social psychology and one of the key explanations of intergroup hostility. In this paper, on the basis of a nationwide survey ( N = 1016), we compare the strength of Poles’ identification with nation, place of residence, occupation and gender, while presenting regional variations in these identifications in Poland. In doing so, we analyze the relationship between acceptance of minority groups and these identifications. We also test whether the three components of national identity: the strength of ties, the ingroup affect, and the cognitive centrality are indeed, as suggested in previous studies, beneficial aspects of identity that have a positive relationship with attitudes toward out-groups. The findings we obtained, among other things, allowed us to look at identification with groups as more complex than was assumed during previous research. Different contents of identification, as well as different components of national identity, are differently associated with acceptance of outgroups. Particular attention is paid to broad, umbrella identifications that have positive associations with acceptance of minorities.

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Authors and Affiliations

Dominik Puchała

Michał Bilewicz

Wydział Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

4 Bespoke scientific knowledge

Zbigniew Drozdowicz

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 45-60 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147310

Keywords: frontiers of scientific knowledge “boundary” conditions of knowledge procurement historical and contemporary controversies

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Abstract

The subject of many controversies has been both the understanding of the limits of scientific knowledge and the indication of the “boundary” conditions of orders placed for it. In some cases, we are in favor of widening these boundaries in such a way that they can also include religious and quasi-religious beliefs, while in others we are in favor of narrowing them so that knowledge and faith can be clearly distinguished. In these considerations, I cite examples of positions on both issues that have in the past met with both relatively wide acceptance and serious reservations. It is worth taking a closer look at them, because it turns out that in science nothing is decided once and for all, and what seemed to belong to the past sometimes comes back with even greater force. I show this on two examples of contemporary positions on the issue of understanding the limits of scientific knowledge.

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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Instytut Kulturoznawstwa, Uniwersytetim. Adama Mickiewicza

5 Psychotherapy – Quo Vadis?

Agnieszka Popiel , Bogdan Zawadzki

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 61-85 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147311

Keywords: psychotherapy PTSD evidence-based practice in psychology outcome studies

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Abstract

Psychotherapy as an evidence-based clinical practice is a relatively young field. In defining psychotherapy, we will outline a continuum – from the use of psychological methods to improve well-being to psychotherapy as an evidence-based method of treating mental disorders. We discuss the types of outcome research, metaanalyses and recommendations for practice. Based on the example of research program TRAKT on psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy PTSD conducted in Poland, we will point out important questions of modern psychotherapy regarding the interpretation of research results, patient safety, personalization of treatment and ways of development and its place in the mental healthcare.

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Authors and Affiliations

Agnieszka Popiel

e-mail:

ORCID:

Bogdan Zawadzki

e-mail:

ORCID:

Centrum Badań Klinicznych i Doskonalenia Psychoterapii,Instytut Psychologii, Uniwersytet SWPS
Wydział Psychologii, UniwersytetWarszawski

6 Dark ceremonies (Joris-Karl Huysmans)

Jan Tomkowski

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 87-99 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147312

Keywords: 19th century literature French novel satanism

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Abstract

Joris-Karl Huysmans, one of the most prominent French writers of the turn of the twentieth century, began his literary career as a naturalist, a promising disciple of Emile Zola. He departed from these ideals in his best-known novel A rebours (1884), considered the “bible of decadence”. Its protagonist, the eccentric misanthrope des Esseintes, withdraws from society to indulge in contemplation in solitude, studying rare prints and seeking beauty in the singular. He appreciates the scandalising works of writers such as Barbey d,Aurevilly and Baudelaire. These authors have been accused of promoting satanism. Durtal, the protagonist of the novel Lă-bas, goes even further, in which we find contemporary echoes of satanism, attempts to revive the ritual of the black mass or a fascination with cruelty. Ultimately, however – and this is best evidenced in subsequent works ( En route, La Cathédrale, L,Oblat) satanism brings disillusionment. A return to the Christian religion, which Huysmans nevertheless interprets in an original way, becomes inevitable.

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Authors and Affiliations

Jan Tomkowski

Instytut Badań Literackich PAN, Warszawa

7 Orientalism by Thomas Edward Lawrence

Krzysztof Gajewski

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 101-116 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147313

Keywords: Thomas Edward Lawrence Edward Said Arabs orientalism postcolonial studies

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Abstract

The paper examines Edward Said's critique of Thomas Edward Lawrence view on Arabs and Arabian culture and society. On the one hand some of Said's allegations seems poorly grounded and can be deny with some excerpts from Lawrence's Seven Pillars of Wisdom. On the other hand Said doesn't remark serious shortcomings of Lawrence's outlook of intercultural relations.

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Authors and Affiliations

Krzysztof Gajewski

Instytut Badań Literackich PAN,Warszawa

8 Continual Wonder. Colors and travels near and far in the works of Orhan Pamuk

Liliana Sikorska

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 117-126 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147314

Keywords: Orhan Pamuk colors travel narratives Orient Occident travel Sufism Kemalism

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Abstract

Orhan Pamuk, the winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2006, is one of the most interesting and versatile of contemporary writers whose prose contributes to the understanding of the cultural background of the Orient and the Occident forged out of the juxtaposition of Islam and Christianity. As a might-have-been artist, who is currently an amateur photographer, the author, in an uncommon way, visualizes the continual wonder towards colors in the surrounding reality featuring in his fictional and non-fictional texts. The most important aspects of Pamuk’s works, however, are the journeys near and far and those within oneself, as well as the wanderings through cities, especially those of his native Istanbul. Aside from the returns home and to the motherland, Pamuk contrasts the inspiring voyages out with the voyages into the collective and individual past, in all their historical and political complexity. The present paper is an overview of Orhan Pamuk’s works from the perspective of colors and the aforesaid passages, which remind his readers of travelling as a basic topos of the course of human existence.

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Authors and Affiliations

Liliana Sikorska

Wydział Anglistyki, Uniwersytet im. AdamaMickiewicza w Poznaniu

9 Gatekeeping of scientists in habilitation proceedings in Polish sociology

Łukasz Remisiewicz

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 127-144 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147315

Keywords: habilitation proceedings gatekeeping evaluation games parametrization Polish sociology sociology of sociology

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Abstract

According to a widespread view, reviews in science are an instrument for the selection of ideas and people. The article analyzes the gatekeeping role of habilitation proceedings in Polish sociology, taking into account three main areas: (1) the power held in the field of sociology by individual and institutional selectors, (2) statistics on the results of selection, and (3) the fate of academics rejected in the gatekeeping process. It has been found that (1) in Polish sociology there are leading institutions that play the largest role in awarding habilitation degrees, but unlike in other disciplines, there is no phenomenon of domination in the field of review by specific scholars. (2) In the proceedings from 2013–2019, 12.5% of the proceedings ended with a refusal to grant the degree. In the set, no proceedings with a controversial outcome were found (e.g., conferring a degree with a preponderance of negative reviews or vice versa). In the examination of the review results, no trend of systematic gender discrimination was found. (3) 32% of those who were denied a degree left the scientific community, while 63% are still working at the same university as before the denial.

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Authors and Affiliations

Łukasz Remisiewicz

e-mail:

ORCID:

Uniwersytet Gdański, Instytut Socjologii

10 WIST Guidelines – a chance to make a breakthrough in crisis of the treatment of stroke in Poland

Piotr Musiałek , Rafał Niżankowski , Adam Witkowski

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 145-149 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147316

Keywords: endovascular stroke mechanical thrombectomy guidelines of WIST

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Abstract

This year the new international guidelines of WIST (The World Federation for Interventional Stroke Treatment) on the physician’s training in the interventional acute stroke treatment were published. WIST multispecialty guidelines outline competency and quality standards for physicians and centers to perform safe and effective endovascular stroke treatment with mechanical thrombectomy. The role of quality control and quality assurance is highlighted. WIST establishes an individualized approach to acquiring clinical knowledge and procedural skills to meet the competency requirements for certification of interventionalists of various disciplines and stroke centers in endovascular treatment. WIST guidelines encourage acquisition of skills using innovative training methods such as structured supervised high-fidelity simulation and procedural performance on human perfused cadaveric models. In Poland in 2018 a pilot program on mechanical thrombectomy was established, however endovascular acute stroke treatment is still underused due to limited patients access to stroke centers and too small number of operators.

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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Musiałek

Rafał Niżankowski

Adam Witkowski

Klinika Chorób Serca i Naczyń Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego,KSS im. Jana Pawła II, Kraków
SanoScience i małopolski konsultant wojewódzki w dziedzinieangiologii, Kraków
Klinika Kardiologii i AngiologiiInterwencyjnej, Narodowy Instytut Kardiologii w Warszawie

11 Neuroscience with neurology and psychiatry – the most frequently cited Polish scientists and institutions that employ them

Andrzej Pilc

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 151-159 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147317

Keywords: neuroscience neurology psychiatry citations Poland

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Abstract

Neuroscience with neurology and psychiatry – the most frequently cited Polish scientists and institutions that employ them. Using Scopus and Web of Science databases we identified the polish scientists with the highest number of publications, citations, and h-index in the field of neuroscience with neurology and psychiatry. 138 such researchers were identified and then assigned to the research units in which they are employed. This type of analysis may allow

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Pilc

Instytut Farmakologii PAN im. Jerzego Majaoraz Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum

12 Commission for Research Integrity (CRI). Annual Report 2022

Andrzej Górski , Mieczysław Grabianowski

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 161-170 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147318

Keywords: scientific integrity regulations relevant for Commission for Research Integrity promotions to full professor need revisions

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Abstract

A project containing suggested amendments to the act of 2010 regulating the work of Commission for Research Integrity (CIR) has been forwarded to the Ministry of Education and Science In August 2022 – no decision has been communicated yet. In April 2022 CIR met with President of PAS prof. J. Duszyński. Current organizational and legislative issues have been discussed as well as means to strenghten the work of CRI. A meeting between CRI and Council for Scientific Excellence was held on 1 August 2022 which dealt with the need to modify the legislation relevant for promotion to full professorship. As pointed out earlier by CRI referees should have access to complete scientific output of a candidate (and not only to its fragments selected by a candidate). In addition, the evaluation should also include ethical aspects of a candidate scientific activity.

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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Górski

Mieczysław Grabianowski

przewodniczący Komisji do sprawEtyki w Nauce
dyrektor Gabinetu Prezesa PAN

13 Professor Łucjan Krause (1928–2022) – a Polish-Canadian physicist

Józef Szudy

Nauka | 2023 | No 3 | 171-181 | DOI: 10.24425/nauka.2023.147319

Keywords: Łucjan Krause atomic, molecular and optical physics inelastic atomic collisions excitation energy transfer University of Windsor Nicolaus Copernicus University Polish-Canadian scientific relations

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Abstract

Professor Łucjan Krause, a long-term head of the Department of Physics of the University of Windsor died on July 4, 2022 in Windsor, Ontario in Canada. He was an outstanding Polish-Canadian physicist, who made important contributions to the atomic, molecular and optical physics. Born in Poznań on January 8, 1928, as a scout and Home Army soldier (nickname “Leonidas”), he took part in the Warsaw Uprising and after its failure was sent to a POW camp in Bergen-Belsen, in Germany. In 1951 after graduating from King’s College University of London, he emigrated to Canada, where he began his studies of physics at the University of Toronto. In 1955 he obtained in Toronto the PhD degree in physics under the supervision of Professor Harry Welsh in Raman spectroscopy of gases. Then for three years he worked as an associate professor of physics at the Memorial University of Newfoundland in St. John’s. In 1958 he accepted an invitation from the University of Windsor and became a head of its Department of Physics. In Windsor, Krause created a vibrant scientific centre in which he developed research program in experimental studies of inelastic atomic collisions. The main attention was focused on the excitation energy transfer between colliding atoms, the quenching of fluorescence radiation by molecular gases and, more recently, on laser spectroscopy of metal excimers. In 1963 he initiated the cooperation with Professor Aleksander Jabłoński, head of the Chair of Experimental Physics of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń. Thanks to this cooperation numerous physicists, first from Toruń and later from other Polish scientific centers – as postdoctoral fellows – participated in experiments with the use of advanced laser equipment, not available in Poland at that time. In this way, Łucjan Krause contributed significantly to the development of physics in Poland. In order to pay tribute to his effort and devotion, in 1983 the Senate of Nicolaus Copernicus University awarded Professor Łucjan Krause a doctor honoris causa degree.

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Authors and Affiliations

Józef Szudy

Instytut FizykiUMK, Toruń

Instructions for authors

NAUKA jest czasopismem Polskiej Akademii Nauk wydawanym kwartalnie w języku polskim lub angielskim. Czasopismo publikuje recenzowane prace naukowe, artykuły przeglądowe, polemiczne, wspomnieniowe, recenzje oraz listy do redakcji.

Wszystkie materiały do publikacji prosimy przesyłać drogą elektroniczną do sekretariatu redakcji lub do członków Komitetu Redakcyjnego. Artykuły należy przygotować za pomocą standardowego edytora tekstu. Tekst nie powinien zawierać poprawek, podkreśleń i spacjowań. Kolejne akapity należy rozpoczynać wcięciem. Do pracy prosimy dołączyć streszczenie (maksymalnie 250 słów) oraz słowa kluczowe (trzy do ośmiu). Jeśli praca napisana jest w języku polskim, to wówczas tytuł pracy, słowa kluczowe oraz streszczenie należy dostarczyć również w języku angielskim. Ilustracje prosimy przesłać w oddzielnych plikach, niezależnie od tego, czy zostały one umieszczone także w pliku z tekstem. Jakość ilustracji powinna pozwalać na ich bezpośrednią reprodukcję oraz skalowanie do formatu czasopisma. Fotografie i ilustracje w formie map bitowych muszą posiadać rozdzielczość wynoszącą co najmniej 300 dpi i być zapisane w typowym formacie graficznym. Zamieszczanie ilustracji barwnych wymaga uzgodnienia z redakcją.

Wraz z plikiem zawierającym artykuł i plikami z ilustracjami należy przesłać:

a) pismo, w którym pierwszy autor zwraca się do redakcji o wydrukowanie pracy w czasopiśmie (formalne zgłoszenie materiału do publikacji w kwartalniku NAUKA), podaje swój adres, afiliacje, adres e-mailowy oraz podpis wraz z podaniem tytułu naukowego;

b) pisemne oświadczenie, że praca nie była dotąd ogłoszona drukiem i nie została złożona w innej redakcji. W przypadku wykorzystywania rycin (lub innych elementów) uprzednio publikowanych lub pochodzących od innych autorów należy dołączyć pisemną zgodę autorów i wydawnictwa na ich wykorzystanie;

Literatura przedmiotu powinna być umieszczona na końcu pracy w układzie sekwencyjnym (odwołanie w tekście, np. [1]) lub alfabetycznym typu „autor-rok” (odwołanie w tekście, np. (Ziman J., 1978)).

Artykuł:

Watson J.D., Crick F.H.C., Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 1953, nr 171,

s. 737–738.

Książka:

Ziman J., Reliable knowledge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1978, s. 124–157.

Rozdział w książce:

Klemensiewicz Z., Przekład jako zagadnienie językoznawstwa, [w:] O sztuce tłumaczenia, pod redakcją M. Rusinka, Wrocław 1955, Zakład im. Ossolińskich, s. 85–97.

Tytuły artykułów w literaturze przedmiotu powinny być podane w oryginalnym brzmieniu, a skróty tytułów czasopism według Web of Science: Standard journal abbreviations oraz wykazów narodowych i branżowych. Spis piśmiennictwa nie powinien zawierać niepublikowanych danych, informacji prywatnych lub prac w przygotowaniu. Odwoływanie się do takich źródeł może występować jedynie w tekście.