Humanities and Social Sciences

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Nauka | 2025 | No 2

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Abstract

The Scopus-SciVal database contains 23,567 entities that published at least one scientific paper in 2021–2024. The number of citations of these units was analyzed. Nine of them have received over a million citations, six of which are in China, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the most cited scientific institution in the world. Over 200 thousand citations were obtained by 307 institutions around the world, including one from our country (the Polish Academy of Sciences). 21 countries are represented by over 200 scientific units in each country. Poland with 268 institutions is in 18th place in the world, 6 institutions from our country are among the 1000 most frequently cited scientific units. The Polish Academy of Sciences is in 232nd place (top 0.98%). Of the first thousand most frequently cited scientific institutions in the world, 6 are located in Poland, and 24 of them are in the second thousand.
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Authors and Affiliations

Andrzej Pilc
1 2
Maria Radziwoń-Zaleska
3

  1. Instytut Farmakologii PAN im. J. Maja
  2. Uniwersytet Jagielloński, Collegium Medicum
  3. Katedra i Klinika Psychiatryczna, Warszawski UniwersytetMedyczny
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Abstract

Dividing empirical research into qualitative and quantitative makes no sense. There are no sufficient substantive reasons for such a distinction, and promoting this vague division only deepens the conceptual confusion in psychology. Even worse, proclaiming a separate qualitative methodology is sometimes used to justify poor science. The term ”qualitative” should refer only to the data, not to the methods of collecting or analyzing them, and certainly not to some overarching research paradigm that is supposedly an alternative to nomothetic science. Defining qualitative research in psychology by contrasting it with quantitative research also fails because the latter is not as ”quantitative” as it is often perceived to be.
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Authors and Affiliations

Tomasz Grzegorek
1

  1. Uniwersytet Ignatianum w Krakowie
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Abstract

Five years ago was the 100th anniversary of Max Weber's death. This prompts us to raise once again the question of the value of his scientific achievements. It was posed, moreover, from the moment they appeared in public circulation. They have evoked and continue to evoke not only widespread interest and appreciation on the part of various scholars, but also various criticisms and polemics of them. Today, while there is some agreement that they were significant achievements in the social sciences, there is considerable disagreement not only as to what this significance consists of, but also in what area of research they should be situated. In these reflections, I do not attempt to settle these issues definitively. Instead, I try in them to point out those scientifically important achievements of Weber's that have aroused the most serious controversies and polemics. Some of these polemics are so interesting and inspiring that they bring something significantly new and valuable to the social sciences and humanities.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytetuim. Adama Mickiewicza
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Abstract

In these considerations, I refer to philosophers whose achievements have charmed many generations of people seeking answers to philosophical questions. Such philosophers include Plato, Descartes, and Voltaire. However, they were also criticized by those who not only did not succumb to their charm, but also tried to demonstrate the negative aspects of their views and their infatuation with them. In these considerations, I do not act as an uncritical defender of any of these philosophers. The problem is that succumbing to the charms of some philosophers had and still has its positives, while succumbing to the charms of others has serious negatives. I find the former in Plato and Descartes. On the other hand, the latter in Voltaire.
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Authors and Affiliations

Zbigniew Drozdowicz
1
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza
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Abstract

Creativity can be defined as the production of an original and useful action or idea and its implementing. Studies of the second half of the 20th century brought about several hypotheses on the neuropsychological and neurobiological foundations of this phenomenon and its possible connection with psychopathology. This paper verifies these concepts based on selected publications and events of the recent two decades (2005–2025). In this period, support has been obtained as to a relationship between creativity and the originality of thinking and information processing. This is best reflected in a phenomenon of schizotypy, whose relations with creativity has been confirmed in many studies. Besides the Default Mode Network, a significant role of the cerebellum was indicated as to brain structures connected with creativity. A link of creativity with genetic-molecular factors was found and a predominance of its genes in Homo sapiens compared with Homo neanderthalensis, and in the latter, compared with the chimpanzee. In 2005–2025, further evidence was obtained for a relationship between high creativity with bipolar mood disorder (BD) and its personality features. A shared vulnerability to creativity and BD spectrum was proposed. Higher creativity was found in families of BD subjects without disease symptoms. However, multiple examples exist of great artists, including Polish ones with full clinical expression of BD.
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Authors and Affiliations

Janusz Rybakowski
1

  1. Klinika Psychiatrii Dorosłych, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu
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Abstract

Open science is an increasingly used term for free, widespread access to the results of scientific research. However, wide support for this idea in the world does not exclude controversies emphasized more and more often by experts and politicians. They result from fear of possible use of research results by criminal organizations and autocratically ruled countries. Current opinions are increasingly indicating the need to determine safe boundaries defining the area of free access to research.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kleiber
1

  1. Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

Digital technologies are of enormous significance for the pace of the development of a significant part of the global population. Contrary to expectations, however, they also affect the consolidation of socio-economic inequalities in the world. Considering many current, caused by inequalities and very serious phenomena, such as mass migrations, we should develop effective ways to prevent the growing developmental differences in the world through, among others facilitation of wide access to education and promotion of creating branches of innovative companies in poorer societies.
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Authors and Affiliations

Michał Kleiber
1

  1. Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN, Warszawa
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Abstract

Academic mentoring plays a key role in the development of young researchers, especially in the life sciences, where theoretical knowledge must be complemented by practical experience and soft skills. This article discusses the definitions, forms, and pillars of effective mentoring, highlighting its impact on academic career development. Based on a review of relevant literature and selected national and international mentoring programs, the authors identify major institutional challenges such as lack of formal support, insufficient interpersonal skills of mentors, and limited funding. The potential of network-based and interdisciplinary mentoring is emphasized, along with the need to institutionalize mentoring as a strategic element in academia.
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Authors and Affiliations

Piotr Tryjanowski
1
ORCID: ORCID
Marta Kornelia Nowak
2
ORCID: ORCID
Paweł Henryk Sienkiewicz
3
ORCID: ORCID
Ewelina Marek-Andrzejewska
4
ORCID: ORCID
Janusz Kloskowski
2
ORCID: ORCID
Viktoria Takacs
2
ORCID: ORCID

  1. Katedra Zoologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu; Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Germany
  2. Katedra Zoologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
  3. Katedra Entomologii i Ochrony Środowiska, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
  4. Katedra Ekonomii i Polityki Gospodarczej w Agrobiznesie, Wydział Ekonomii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu
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Abstract

Janusz Grzelak (1941–2025) was a distinguished social psychologist whose pioneering research on social interdependence and conflict resolution made a lasting impact on both Polish and global social psychology. Equally significant was his dedication to civic and democratic causes. As a representative of Solidarity during the historic Round Table talks, he played a vital role in shaping Poland’s democratic transition. In the years that followed, he remained deeply engaged in civic initiatives at both national and local levels. We honor his memory and lasting legacy.
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Authors and Affiliations

Jerzy Marian Brzeziński
1
Dariusz Doliński
2

  1. Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, Wydział Psychologii i Kognitywistyki w Poznaniu
  2. Uniwersytet SWPS, Wydział Psychologii we Wrocławiu
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Abstract

Professor Łukasz Turski passed away on 22 March 2025. Science has lost an outstanding theoretical physicist, science populariser and journalist. This is a brief tribute to the Professor and his influence on the scientific community.
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Authors and Affiliations

Magdalena Fikus
1
Magdalena Załuska-Kotur
2

  1. Instytut Biochemii i Biofizyki PAN
  2. Instytut Fizyki PAN, Warszawa

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Literatura przedmiotu powinna być umieszczona na końcu pracy w układzie sekwencyjnym (odwołanie w tekście, np. [1]) lub alfabetycznym typu „autor-rok” (odwołanie w tekście, np. (Ziman J., 1978)).

Artykuł:

Watson J.D., Crick F.H.C., Molecular structure of nucleic acids. Nature 1953, nr 171,

s. 737–738.

Książka:

Ziman J., Reliable knowledge. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1978, s. 124–157.

Rozdział w książce:

Klemensiewicz Z., Przekład jako zagadnienie językoznawstwa, [w:] O sztuce tłumaczenia, pod redakcją M. Rusinka, Wrocław 1955, Zakład im. Ossolińskich, s. 85–97.

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